Macquarie - wani tsibirin a cikin tekun Pacific. Description, sauyin yanayi, da hotuna

Macquarie Island (Engl Macquarie.) - wani karamin yanki na ƙasar yankin na 128 sq. km. An located tsakanin Australia da kuma Antarctica a kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na tekun Pacific. A gida yankin ne mai surface tsefe homonymous volcanic kunya.

A mafi maki na tadawa suna dauke upland Hamilton da Fletcher (game da 410 mita saman teku matakin). A tsawon elongated tsibirin 34 km daga arewa zuwa kudu, yana da nisa daga 5 km da ma'aunan kasa siffofin ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a batu na karo na tectonic faranti ya faru kawai squeezing sama daga seabed karamin sashi na Oceanic ɓawon burodi. Kuma haka ya faru da cewa tsibirin da ake kafa yafi na basaltic da andesitic lavas, kazalika da kayayyakin da suka halaka a sakamakon yashewa.

Girgizar kasa aiki a yankin ne har yanzu sosai high. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa domin tafiya dakatar daga Macquarie Island. Yadda za a samu a wannan bangare na ƙasar? To, ba shakka, a cikin tẽku, watse fiye 1.5 kilomita dubu daga tsibirin Tasmania. Macquarie daidai kula: 54 ° 37'S. w. da kuma 158 ° 51 'a. d.

A kadan tarihi

Akwai hasashe game da ziyara zuwa wannan wuri da Polynesians a cikin 13-14 ƙarni, wucin gadi ƙauyuka, amma isasshiya shaida cewa a halin yanzu samu.

Hukumance, tsibirin da aka gano a 1810. Australian jirgin tare da Captain F. Hasselboro tsunduma a whaling. A lokacin daya daga cikin flights a kudu maso yammacin tekun Pacific ɓangare na ƙasar da aka gano cewa a nan gaba da kuma kira Macquarie. Tsibirin ne mai suna bayan nan Gwamna-Janar na New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

A halin yanzu, wannan yanki ne karkashin iko na Australia, kasancewa ta fi kudancin batu na nahiyar ne administratively kashi na Jihar Tasmania. Duk da haka, akwai wani lokaci a lokacin da Rasha dage farawa da'awar shi. Haka ya faru bayan ziyarar da tsibirin a 1820, na farko Rasha Antarctic balaguro jagorancin Bellingshausen.

A shekara ta 1948 ya bayyana a wani meteorological tashar. Yana da aka halitta da Australians. Babban manufar da tashar - nazarin nahiyar Antarctica. Tun shekarar 1978, Macquarie - tsibirin, wanda a hukumance ba da matsayi na National Park. Kuma bayan game da shekaru 20, tun 1997, yankin a karkashin ta kariya ya dauka kafa na UNESCO duniya sikelin. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da tsibirin yana da yawa musamman ma'aunan kasa da halitta fasali.

sauyin yanayi

Kira tsibirin makõma ne wuya, kamar yadda na gida yanayin yanayi, ya ce ko kadan, m. Constant sosai, tsananin iska, low zazzabi - wannan shi ne abin da jiran mutane da suka ziyarci tsibirin Macquarie. A sauyin yanayi da aka mamaye da gumi, sub-Antarctic. Menene wannan yake nufi? Da farko, ba zato iska taro, da isasshe sanyi. Matsayin mai mulkin, da iska kusan ba ya hana a ko'ina cikin shekara. A talakawan iska zazzabi - game +5 ° C (babu matsananci bambance-bambance a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu).

A shekara-shekara hazo ne yawanci game da 1000 mm. Suna fada a cikin nau'i na yayyafi a ko'ina cikin shekara. Sau da yawa akwai fogs kan tsibirin da hasken rana a nan shi ne a rare baƙo.

kayan duniya

Macquarie - wani tsibirin inda kusan babu ciyayi. Sa ran bambancin yana da ba dole, a matsayin akwai girma ne kawai 'yan jinsin da ciyawa: mafi yawa sedges, kazalika da wadan Macquarie kabeji. A jihar bakin teku ruwa da na kowa ruwan kasa tsiren ruwan teku.

Wanda yake zaune a tsibirin kuma gaba da shi?

A fauna na tsibirin duniya ne mafi multifaceted fiye da shuka. A mafi m mallaka a nan penguins, wanda aka wakilta 4 main iri: mai sarauta, da jaki, Gentoo da endemic. Su total number ne kusa da miliyan 4, da kuma girman mutum al'ummomi daga jeri dubu 500, mutane da kuma 200 ma'aurata. Penguin Macquarie (Schlegel) breeds kawai a kan wannan tsibirin, amma manya ciyar da yawa lokaci nisa daga teku, ciyar a kan ƙananan kifaye, krill da zooplankton. Mun zaunar a kan tekun na giwa like, Jawo like, like. Domin kiwo sun zaba wadannan wurare albatrosses, petrels, cormorants, skuas da Antarctic terns. Macquarie - tsibirin, da jihar bakin teku sashi ne frequented by Whales, mafi yawa a hunturu. A waɗannan wurare inda akwai da yawa daga algae, za a iya samu ba manufa jinsunan kifaye cewa tãra nan a manyan garkunan tumaki.

Discoverers na tsibirin a lokacin da aka kawo a nan Cats da zomaye da cewa yana da wani mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli. Riga ta 1890, ya gaba daya bace rare jinsunan aku tsalle Macquarie zaune kawai a nan. A karkashin barazana juya ga nesting tsuntsaye da kuma shuke-shuke. Kawai a cikin XXI karni, da kare namun dajin gudanar ya yantar da tsibirin daga kasashen waje don shi baki, da kuma yanzu ba Cats ko zomaye an bar.

yawan

Mutane kawai masana kimiyya a adadin 25-40 mutane zauna a yankin. Sun yi aiki a meteorological tashar Macquarie Island agogon wuri. Wannan ginin da aka located a arewacin tsibirin. Ga ma'aikata a nan aka gina zama gine-gine da kuma gidaje. Hukumance, tsibirin da ake rufe zuwa yawon bude ido.