High-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan. High Speed Rail

Kazan ne da daya daga Rasha ta most birane da kuma mafi muhimmanci masana'antu cibiyoyin kasar. Saboda haka sosai dacewa ne tambaya na zamani na kai links tsakanin wannan shiri da babban birnin kasar na mu Mahaifa, mahaifiyata - Moscow. Wannan shi ne saboda da ƙara tsanani na fasinja da kuma sufurin kaya a cikin ba shugabanci. Railway high-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan, gina wanda aka shirya a nan gaba, an tsara don sun fi mayar da warware wannan matsala.

sufuri da matsaloli

A halin yanzu, Rasha da kuma babban birnin kasar na Tatarstan ta haɗu waƙa tarayya dabi'u M7 "Volga" Moscow - Kazan. By mota, fitar da shi daga wannan gefe zuwa wasu na iya zama, ya shafe mai kyau da rabi na rana. Hanyar karauka wuce ta garuruwa na Vladimir kuma Nizhny Novgorod. Wannan sawu ne wani ɓangare na karauka Moscow - Ufa. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne wani ɓangare na E22 Turai hanya.

Cikin dukanin ta nesa karauka Moscow - Kazan (820 km) yana da wani m high quality tukuru shafi. A lokaci guda saboda da cunkoso na zirga-zirga da kwarara, shi ne sau da yawa zama dole a gyara.

Bugu da kari, birnin reluwe ta haɗu Moscow - Kazan, wanda Dates baya more a 1897. A shekarar 1960 an wutan lantarki.

A halin yanzu, da data kasance kai arteries tsakanin Moscow da kuma Kazan yi su ayyuka ne kawai partially. Saboda da babban tsanani na zirga-zirga a kan su, kuma sabõda su fasaha halaye, ba za su iya samar da high-gudun sadarwa a tsakanin biyu manyan birane.

Hanyoyi na bayani

The real warware matsalar shawo kan babban kudin lokaci a kan hanya tsakanin birane biyu ne kawai zai iya zama da kar hanya Moscow - Kazan. Yana gabatar da hanyoyi biyu don dadada na ba ra'ayin: gina wani babbar hanyar mota, ko da wani zamani Railway line. A karshen wani zaɓi ya fin so, tun da shi zai ba da damar samun daga na farko zuwa tashar karshe a wani guntu lokaci.

Saboda haka jama'a ne a hankali zuwa ga wani ra'ayi na samar da wani high-gudun dogo Moscow - Kazan.

The aikin ra'ayin

Har yanzu, da Rasha Federation, akwai ba guda high-gudun Railway hanya. Domin da farko lokacin da halittar wani irin aikin ya fara Aleksandr Sergeevich Misharin. A shekarar 2009, ya samarwa gina irin wannan jirgin line tsakanin Moscow da kuma Yekaterinburg. Wannan yanki na aiki domin shi ya ba wani sabon abu, tun da ya yi a baya aiki a matsayin mataimakin firayim ministan kasar layukan dogo na.

A 2010, Alexander ya bayar ta shawara ga wani takamaiman aikin. Misharin ra'ayin da aka goyan bayan da gwamnatin na Tatarstan. Amma a wannan mataki na tattaunawa da shi ne kawai a yankin matakin kazalika da gwamnatin tarayya a lokacin da dangantakarsa da ba.

Development a matakin tarayya ideas

A matakin tarayya, da ra'ayin gina Rasha ta farko high gudun Railway layi aka samarwa a 2013 by shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin. Ya bayyana haka ne a Sochi. Aka sanar da cewa, a cikin mafi kusantar gaba da aka shirya don gina irin wannan m aikin a matsayin high-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan. A lokaci guda Vladimir Vladimirovich ce cewa a nan gaba ne mai yiwuwa a yi la'akari da zabin mika hanya zuwa Ulyanovsk da Yekaterinburg.

Da nan da nan aiwatar da aikin da aka sanya a kan kafadu baya aka ambata Aleksandra Misharina, wanda a lokacin shi ne na farko mataimakin shugaban JSC "Rasha layukan dogo". A karshen shekarar 2013 aka nada Shugaba na na biyu kamfanin "Rasha layukan dogo" JSC "Speed Lines", musamman domin gina hanya.

Term yi BCM Moscow - Kazan aka shirya domin 2014 - 2018 shekaru. Wancan ne, aikin dole an kammala ga mai zuwa duniya kwallon kafa gasar a Rasha.

The shirya hanya runs

High-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan zai ratsa ta cikin birni mafi girma daga cikin manya Volga. Duk da haka, shi har yanzu shirya ya gudu daga babban gungu na ƙauyuka, cewa wannan factor bai rage gudu karauka halaye. Domin da wannan manufa da reluwe Moscow - Kazan za a gudanar a mafi kai tsaye hanya.

Zama kafe akwati zai kasance a cikin Moscow, sa'an nan ta sauka a kan 180 km na Vladimir, 247 km za ta ratsa a Nizhny Novgorod, kilomita 240 daga wanda zai wuce zuwa Cheboksary. Kammala ta hanyar hanya a Kazan, wanda zai šauki har zuwa 136 km more.

Saboda haka, a high-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan gitta mu a total tsawon na 803 kilomita.

Kwatanta da sabon hanya zuwa data kasance Railway

Yanzu bari mu ga yadda da yawa daga Moscow zuwa Kazan ne da hanyar da a halin yanzu data kasance railway. Its tsawon shi ne 1170 km. Saboda haka, a sakamakon aikin da nisa tsakanin biranen ji ƙyama da kamar yadda 367 kilomita.

The riba a lokaci zai zama da yawa ya fi tsayi. Idan haihuwa Railway yi tafiya 14 hours, 7 da minti, sabon high-gudun hanya Moscow - Kazan zai ba da damar da shi don kawai uku da rabi hours. Wancan ne, lokacin da tanadi za ta wuce 3.5 sau.

kudi al'amurran

A farko kudin na aikin gina hanya zuwa Yekaterinburg aka kiyasta a 2.5 tiriliyan rubles. Sa'an nan, a lokacin da aka yanke shawarar a lokaci na farko da na yi, ya kawo kawai hanyar zuwa Kazan, jimlar kudin da gine da aka rage muhimmanci. A lokacin, da na farko kudin na aikin, ya sanar da farkon shekarar 2014, shi ne 949 biliyan rubles. Duk da haka, designers gane cewa wannan shi ne wani sosai notional adadin. Gyara domin kumbura, shi zai iya muhimmanci gyara da kuma lokaci na ƙarshe na ma wuce daya tiriliyan rubles.

Babban rabo daga cikin halin kaka kansu dauki jihar Tsarin. A musamman, tarayya kasafin kudin, da fanshon, da Asusun na National Welfare. Duk da haka, an kuma shirya wani babban har ga aikin janyo hankalin kamfanoni masu zuba jari da kasuwanci Enterprises. Wannan nau'i na hadin gwiwa da aka kira jama'a-zaman kansa cinikayya. Loans zuwa bankuna da kuma sauran kudi cibiyoyin kuma za ta zama daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun kudade.

Da farko an shirya ya unsa ma da kasashen waje masu zuba jari. Duk da haka, Turai kamfanoni daga waje da EU takunkumi a kan Rasha da aka tilasta watsi hadin gwiwa. A halin yanzu, tattaunawar ne underway tare da kasar Sin domin halartar] a] e.

Aiwatar da aikin

A lokacin, high-gudun hanya Moscow - Kazan ne kawai a cikin zane mataki. By da kai tsaye kisan ayyuka a ta yi ba tukuna fara. Amma wannan hange na gaba lokaci.

zane aikin da aka yi kai tsaye daga cikin Open Society "Speed Lines 'ofisoshin, da kuma ikirarin" Rasha layukan dogo "fasaha da kimiyya, Council.

A halin yanzu, da lokaci na aikin muhimmanci canja. Saboda haka, da farko sa ran za a fara yi a 2015 da kuma a 2016 sun riga gudu farko reshe Nizhny Novgorod - Cheboksary, kammala aikin a kan yi hanya a cikin shekara ta 2018. Amma a wannan lokacin, wasu membobin gwamnatin Rasha da kuma mutane kai tsaye da hannu a cikin aikin, da'awar cewa aikin a kan yi shi ne wata ila don fara kawai a shekara ta 2017, da kuma gaba daya high-gudun karauka Moscow - Kazan zai zama aiki ta 2020.

Masu sukar na aikin

A lamba na tattalin arziki masana, ciki har da membobin gwamnatin Rasha ne sosai m matuƙar payback. Suka ce cewa halin kaka ne da muni, da kuma duka girma na zirga-zirgar fasinja ba zai kai har ma da girma, wanda aka kayyade a cikin tsare-tsaren. A musamman, da firayin ministan kasar Rasha Dmitry Medvedev ya bayyana cewa shi ya bai kai ba yi na karauka Moscow - Kazan.

A daidai wannan lokaci, da yawa jama'a Figures kada ku butulce kasa muhimmancin aikin, zai kara ta'aziyya matakin na motsi tsakanin manya da Rasha da kuma Tatarstan.

Har ila yau, ya nuna shakka cewa a cikin ra'ayi na yammacin takunkumi da kuma farkon rikicin matakai a cikin tattalin arzikin da zai iya samun duk da ake bukata kudi albarkatun domin aiwatar da shiri. A dangane da wannan sosai matsala duba cikin al'amurra domin sa karauka Moscow - Kazan a aiki ko da a shekarar 2020.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai magoya bayan na gina wani sabon tafarki tsakanin birane biyu. Su main shaida ne babban tsanani na sufurin kaya zirga-zirga a kan hanya Moscow - Kazan. By mota, ka iya ba kawai kai mutane amma kuma dukiya, da kuma shirya Railway layi ne mafi dabara a kan ridership.

al'amurra

The main manufofin, wanda aka tsara domin warware high-gudun Railway layi Moscow - Kazan, shi ne don rage tsanani da vehicular zirga-zirga a kan data kasance kai links tsakanin birane biyu, kara matakin ta'aziyya ga motsi na fasinjoji da kuma rage lokaci ciyar a kan hanya.

Ana sa ran cewa motoci qagaggun, motsi a cikin wannan shugabanci, za a iya raba hudu azuzuwan: Tattalin Arziki, na farko aji, kasuwanci aji da premium. Kamar yadda na farko lissafin, farashin tikitin a ajin daga Moscow zuwa Kazan zai zama 2300 rubles.

A hali na nasara ganin na aikin domin gina hanyoyi, an shirya mika wa Ulyanovsk da Yekaterinburg. Haka kuma, kasar Sin masu zuba jari sun nuna sha'awa a cikin kwanciya hanya har Beijing. Gwamnatin Rasha da kuma China sun sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa a kan tsare-tsaren da irin wannan babban gini.

Amma wannan shi ne mafi yawa yiwuwa ga m nan gaba. A wannan batu a cikin ajanda ne nasara aiwatar da aikin domin gina high-gudun Railway layi tsakanin Moscow da kuma Kazan.