Lokacin da akwai Tsohon Rasha wallafe-wallafe, kuma me ya sa?

Tambayar da lokacin da akwai Old Rasha adabi, kula yau dukan waɗanda suke da sha'awar a cikin tarihi da kuma al'adu na kasar mu. Za mu yi kokarin ba da wani m amsar da shi.

Mene ne Old Rasha adabi?

Tsohon Rasha adabi kira Monuments na rubuce-rubuce na Kievan Rus ', wanda ya bayyana a kan mataki na halittar jihar na Eastern Slavs, kira Kievan Rus. Tsohon lokaci a cikin tarihi na Rasha wallafe-wallafe, a cewar wasu adabi, ƙare a 1237 (a lokacin ruinous Tatar mamayewa), bisa ga wasu wallafe-wallafe, kuma ya ci gaba ga wata shekaru 400 da hankali ƙare a cikin Renaissance Moscow Jihar bayan da Lokaci na matsaloli.

Duk da haka, mafi fĩfĩta ne na farko version, wanda jera bayyana a lõkacin da kuma dalilin da ya sa wani Old Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

A cikin wani hali, wannan al'amari ya nuna cewa kakanninmu sun zo da irin wannan mataki na zamantakewa da ci gaban, a lõkacin da suka daina gamsu da almara da kuma bukatar sabon nau'o'i - hagiographic adabi, wa'azin, kuma Miscellany "kalmomi".

Lokacin da akwai Tsohon Rasha adabi: a tarihi da kuma babban dalilai na

A daidai ranar da rubuce-rubuce na farko ayyukan tsohon tarihin akwai, amma farkon rubuce-rubuce a Rasha ya al'ada aka hade da abubuwa biyu. A farko - fitowan a kasar mu na Orthodox sufaye - Cyril da Methodius wanda Ya halitta Glagolitic haruffa, kuma daga baya tambaya kokarin da suke cikin halittar QFontDatabase haruffa. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a fassara liturgical matani da kuma Kirista Byzantine Empire a Old Slavonic harshe.

Na biyu key taron shi ne ainihin Christianization na Rasha, wanda ya yarda da mu kasa yin hadin hulɗa tare da Helenawa - da nan dako na hukunci da ilmi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan tambaya na ko, a cikin abin da shekara akwai Old Rasha adabi, ba za a iya amsa tukuna, kuma saboda wata babbar lamba na Monuments na zamanin d rubuce-rubuce da aka rasa a sakamakon ruinous Tartar karkiya, mafi yawansu ba su ƙone a yawa gobara cewa sun kawo wa kasar mu mashaya jini makiyaya .

Mafi shahara Monuments na zamanin d Rasha rubuce-rubuce

Amsawa ga wata tambaya game da lokacin da akwai Old Rasha adabi, dole ne mu manta da cewa ayyukan wannan lokaci ne fairly high matakin da wallafe-wallafen kyau. Wani shahararren "Kalma" Yarima Igor ta gangamin Polovtsy wanda kawai koda halin kaka.

Duk da yankunan da tarihi hali, wadannan Monuments sun tsira.

A takaice lissafa abubuwan da key wadanda:

1. Laurentian Chronicle.
2. Ostrom bishara.
3. Wurare da dama a didactic collections.
4. Zaune collections (msl, collections na rayuwar farko Rasha mai tsarki na Lavra).
5. "Huduba a kan shari'a da alheri" Hilarion.
6. A Life of Boris da Gleb.
7. Karanta game da Boris da Gleb.
8. "Tale of bygone Years".
9. "Umarni daga Prince Vladimir, lakabi Monomakh".
10. "Kwanta."
11. "Legend na Rasha ƙasar mutuwa."

Chronology na Old Rasha littafin-koyo

Gwani tsoho rubuta hadisi, Academician DS Likhachev da takwarorinsa bayar da shawarar cewa amsar wannan tambaya na lokacin akwai Old Rasha adabi da za a samu a cikin Monuments na farko Rasha littafin-koyo.

A cewar wadannan tarihin, a cikin kasar a cikin 10th karni, na farko ya bayyana fassara ayyukan ƙwarai daga Girkanci. A a layi daya, a lokaci guda halitta almara matani tãtsũniyõyin na exploits na Svyatoslav Igorevich da epics game Prince Vladimir.

A 11th karni godiya ga aikin da Lardi Ilarion aka rubuta da wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Alal misali, shi ne ambata "Huduba a kan shari'a da alheri", a description na tallafi na Kiristanci da Rasha mutane da sauransu. A wannan karni na farko texts Miscellany, kazalika da rayuwar da farkon ayoyin Boris da Gleb da aka halitta, kashe a cikin 'ya'yan sarakuna ba feuds da daga baya canonized.

A 12th karni da aka rubuta ainihin ayyukan marubucin cewa an gaya game da Life of Theodosius, mazaunin Pechersky, da Rayuwa da sauran tsarkaka na Rasha ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokaci da rubutu na abin da ake kira bisharar Galitsky, a talented Rasha magana Kirillom Turovskim rubuta misalin da aka kafa da kuma "kalma." A wannan shekara Dates baya ga halittar rubutu na "Lay". A lokaci guda, kuma aka buga a manyan yawan fassara ayyukan ƙwarai, ya zo daga Rum da kuma dauke da wani tushe na biyu Kirista da kuma Helenawa hikima.

Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa su da ma'ana amsa tambaya na abin da karni Old Rasha adabi bayyana haka: shi ya faru a cikin 10th karni tare da zargin Slavic Wallafe-wallafe da kuma halittar Kievan Rus 'kamar yadda wani hadade jihar.