Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: biography, photos, sculptures

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da sculptors na Rasha classicism, wanda aikin da aka imbued tare da high akida na haske, haske emotionality da bẽne humanism. A cewar art sukar farkon na XIX karni, a kowane daga cikin ayyukansa, "ya bayyana da yawa daga tunanin, ji, asali look kuma master hannun mawallafin."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - a sculptor, na duk Rasha artists da suka rayu, watakila, da guntu, amma kuma mafi m rayuwa. Na musamman sha'awa shi ne mahaliccin sa da tsoho camfin da kuma haruffa na Rasha tarihi. A cikinsu, ya samu da akida da suke da muhimmanci ba kawai domin Sahaban, amma kuma nan gaba.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: biography

A nan gaba shahara sculptor haife shi a 1753 a cikin iyali na trumpeter galley rundunar motoci, daya daga cikin unguwannin St. Petersburg teku. A nan sai ya ciyar da yara shekaru.

A cikin shekaru goma sha (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich har abada rabu gida da kuma iyaye orafin da yawan ƴan shiga St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. A wannan lokaci a Turai art - sassaka, gine-gine, zanen - balaga da kuma sannu a hankali ɓullo da classicism. The haske wakilin wannan Trend in art ya shahararren Rasha sculptor Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Brief biography na sculptor:

• .: 1773 ya kammala karatunsa Academy tare da wani ya samu lambar zinariya.
• 1774-1778 gg.: Zaune a Roma a matsayin wani ilimi boarder.
• 1780.: Marseilles Academy of Arts dora masa lakabi da na Academician.
• 1784-1785 gg.: Hukuncin kisa ga wani marmara mutum-mutumi na Catherine II a cikin nau'i na zamanin d allahiya na hikima, Minerva an samun shahararsa da kuma amincewa da Sahaban (da aiwatuwa ilimi ganewa na manufa monarch - mai hikima Bangguo da wakĩli na Fatherland).
• a farkon 1788 a sake aika ƙasashen waje (Paris) ya yi nazarin.
• 1790.: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ya koma gida, Yãna halitta sculptures idyllic sake zagayowar.
• a 1796-m haifar da wani m jerin sculptural almara a kan jigo na Trojan War, wannan dukan tsawon lokacin da aka alama ta search for monumentality, sabon fasali, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin aka gyara zuwa ga karfafa artist ta aiki;
• a cikin lokaci daga 1799 zuwa 1801 aiki a kan wani abin tunawa kwamandan A. V. Suvorovu, sai ya girmama Rasha sojojin ta 'yan nasara a Italian yaƙin neman zaɓe.
• A 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich a cikin Firayim na rayuwa da kuma iyawa ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu.

Ya aka farko binne a Smolensk Orthodox hurumi. A shekarar 1931, an binne mutanen da aka mayar da su cikin Alexander Nevsky Lavra a kan Lazarevskoye hurumi

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: sassaka

Ayyukansa - staturnaya roba reliefs, monumental sassaka da tombstones - suna imbued tare da zurfin tausaya da daukaka humanism.

A style daga cikin ayyukansa muhimmanci tasiri da ilmi na Faransa sassaka XIVIII karni. Daga cikin wadannan, mafi kyau a san su ne: abin tunawa A. V. Suvorovu a St. Petersburg, da mutum-mutumi "Samson tearing bakin zaki" (adorns yanzu daya daga cikin Peterhof marẽmari), "zaune Girl" (Winter Palace) da kuma "bata da wannan fatar", halitta a kan lokaci na da aure da Constantine Pavlovich (as yanzu a cikin Winter Palace), da adadi na wani mutum, ya yi domin nazarin mutum ilmin jikin mutum.

Shahararren domin da Bas-reliefs: "The dawowar Regulus zuwa Carthage," "Camille, ya ɗauke Roma daga Gauls" (located in St. Petersburg, a cikin Marmara Palace), "Kisa na marasa laifi", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury da Nymph", " Apollo "(samu a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Alexander III).

farkon

A cikin na farko lokaci na kerawa da babban jigo na ayyukan da sculptor ne jigo na mutuncin mutum, ƙarfin hali, sadaukarwa da kuma ɗaure a kan.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich heroes of su reliefs sa shahararren haruffa daga cikin tarihin na zamanin d Roma, wanda a cikin sunan Fatherland da na kowa kyau na mutane hadaya kansu. Irin aikinsa "Regula bankwana da 'yan Roma" (1780) da kuma "Camille gusar galling na Roma" (1781).

Hill kuma dunkule image, tsabta da abun da ke ciki, forethought da kuma tsabta daga Lines da kuma siffofin - siffofin da cewa rarrabe aiki a kan wanda Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich yi aiki a farkon lokaci na kerawa. Sassaka daidai jitu da gine na ginin, gina a cikin style of farkon classicism.

Harmony sassaka da kuma gine

Musamman jitu al'umma na biyu arts - sassaka da kuma gine - bayyana a plaster reliefs halitta da Concert Hall a cikin Catherine Park (Tsarskoye Selo). Marubucin na Pavilion, sanya a cikin style of balagagge classicism, shi ne George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Reliefs raba na kowa theme - music. Orpheus wasa da garaya tames dabbobin daji. Apollo, kunna kiɗa, yana farin cikin kunne na Ceres. Muse Art nuna halayen - da irin wannan mãkirci, wanda biya da hankali ga Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. A Wizard (farkon reliefs) ya bambanta rhythmic tsarin equilibrated abun da ke ciki m contours da kwarjini da taƙama ƙawa images. Duk wadannan siffofin da taimako zuwa ga halittar Pavilion musamman m yanayi.

Statue Catherine II

A manyan mutum-mutumi na Empress Catherine II a cikin nau'i na zamanin d allahiya na hikima, Minerva (Ancient Roma) a halitta da sculptor a cikin lokaci daga 1784 zuwa 1785. A Empress ne tana tattare a zamanin d alkyabba da surmounted da kwalkwali (allahiya na sifofi). Ta nuna da hannu daya kwance a kan ta ƙafa da kofuna da dama cewa alamar nasara tsiwirwirinsu da shi. Wani empress ke rike da wani littafi da aka buga shi "domin jindadin talakawansa 'dokoki. Saboda haka embodies su ra'ayin cikakken monarch - mai hikima Bangguo da wakĩli na Fatherland - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, sculptures wanda kai da hatimi na sha'awa ga ideas na haske.

"Tashin Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marmara mutum-mutumi, sanya a cikin 1780s, yana da wani hadadden na ginin jumla Misalin. Hoton na da daraja gwarzo na tsufa ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin tushen da sculptor zuwa embody da akida na ilimi - ilimi na bi na ilimi da kuma da nufin taurin.

Roba bayani abun da ke ciki da mutummutumai haskaka ruhun shiru yawa da kuma daraja da sauki. Figure daban-daban mai tsanani da kuma proportionality, m ambaliya na siffofi da kuma contours.

saurayin ta jiki kamar yadda yake a cikin drowsy mãyen, ya tsokoki kamar "bice" mafi kyau marmara frosted cover, kansa Allaha a kan hannunsa Allaha a gwiwa. Amma da shirme kawai da wannan tamkar ji natsuwa ...

almara

A wani iri-iri suke dashi zane, mafi yawan abin da su shirya almara don nan gaba sculptures, gano su dangane da babban mayar da hankali na master - a cikin kewayon batutuwa da jigogi (mythology, Littafi Mai Tsarki, da Linjila), a cikin hanyar m magana ideas.

Amma a yawan zane Kozlowski iya da kyau a daukarsa a matsayin mai zaman kanta, da cikakken hoto ayyukansu. Daga gare su ne ake halittawa a 1792-m "Mutuwa na Hippolytus" da "Theseus bar Ariadne." Masu nuna da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wani tunanin tsanani, wanda yana "Numfashi" wadannan ayyuka.

"Polycrates"

A lokaci daga 1788 zuwa 1790-th sculptor sake, a Paris, inda ya tafi don saya sabon ilmi da kwarewa. A sakamakon gagarumin juyi na kwaikwayo lalacewa ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya hali, to yi a gaban shi, aka haifi wani sabon wahayi, sabbin jigogi da batutuwa.

Revolutionary Paris sculptor tura da ra'ayin yin labarin da tarihi na zamanin d Girka Polycrates mutuwa Samos, makangari. Legend da sculptor Polycrates bauta a matsayin dalilin halittar wani irin kamã da jũna da martani ga zamani events. A takardar nuna da artist ta so zuwa wadãtar da alama harshe na art. Make shi fi ban sha'awa. A sassaka, "Polycrates" da viewer yana daukar kwayar cutar m kishin 'yanci, wahala da kuma akuba ji azãba gwarzo.

rungumi ruhaniya tsarki

A cikin 1792-mita, daya daga cikin mafi ƙwarai aikin da aka kammala - mai kyau mutum-mutumi na "Barci Cupid" (marmara). Marubucin halitta mai ban mamaki idyllic da jitu hanya.

Its takwaransa a yanayi da aka halitta da wani kananan mutum-mutumi na "psyche" (marmara, 1801) image, embodying ruhaniya tsarki, da nostalgia na unalloyed, farin ciki da yara.

"Samson tearing bakin zaki"

A cikin bazara na 1800 da mafi kyau Rasha Masters aka kawo sabunta Big Peterhof cascade. Aiki da aka za'ayi shekaru shida.

A tsakiyar wuri a cikin shirin dauki kungiyar halitta Kozlovsky - "Samson tearing bakin zaki." A cikin halittar marubucin na sassaka da aka yi amfani da samo asali baya a lokacin Bitrus da Misalin a cikin abin da Littafi Mai Tsarki Samson aka gano tare da St. Sampson, wanda a cikin 18th karni aka dauke da majiɓinci, saint na Rasha. A 1709, a bikin tunawa (27 Yuni), Rasha daraja nasara da aka lashe a kan Swedes a cikin shahararrun Battle of Poltava. A cikin art na Bitrus I, Samson ya personification na nasara Rasha da zaki (tsakiya image na da Swedish gashi na makamai) , ya nuna ci Swedish sarki.

A grand sculptures wanda aka nuna kuzari amma kange motsi mai girma Samson ta jiki. Kunna a sarari a karkace, curving jiki don haka da cewa Titanic siga tsokoki ne a fili bayyane, sharply ja da baya tafiya da ƙafãfu da kuma a kansa rusuna, da gwarzo na hannayensa biyu tearing bakin zaki.

Masu bincike sun sh nuna da kusanci zuwa ga sassaka na Michelangelo ta art. Amma da akida da m content kungiyar, zurfin m ji, wanda na aiwatuwa a cikin aikinsa Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (photo sassaka ne hujja da cewa), da m viewer ne quite daban-daban amsa kuwwa - 'yan qasar Rasha magana yawa sha'awa na cikin gida da tarihi na zuciya - hadisai.

Topics Rasha tarihi

Topics na kasa tarihi ne mafi m manufa a cikin ayyukan da sculptor. A cikin rabi na biyu na 1790s ya halicci mutum-mutumi na "Prince Yakubu Dolgoruky tearing sarauta umurnin" da "Hercules a kan doki." Mafi cika alƙawari don ƙirƙirar wani image na high ƙarfin hali da kuma ruhaniya nobility gane da sculptor a cikin abin tunawa kwamandan A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Rayuwa nasara tunawa

M image, a alamance, sunã tasbĩhi Rasha da kuma na manyan kwamandan - don haka ta sami juna biyu Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich abin tunawa ga Suvorov.

Ya fara aiki a lokacin rayuwar da gwarzo. A cikin shekaru saba'in Generalissimo sanya dukan duniya tafa irinta a tarihi da jaruntakar miƙa mulki na Rasha sojojin a kan Alps. A 63 yãki a Rasha ba guda shan kashi, maƙiyi 619 Banners aka kãma ta marinjaya. Famous Italian tafiya zai zama Rasha soja da kuma dabarun iyawa Aleksandra Suvorova unfading ɗaukaka.

The aiki na sculptor Kozlovsky ya ya halicci rayuwa nasara tunawa. Order sharadi topic: kada ku yi dogon jaruntakar rai na babban kwamandan, ba da asali da ya shafi tunanin mutum image, amma kawai exploits a cikin Italian yakin da za a nuna a cikin mutum-mutumi.

Hoto na da harshen Misalin

Kuma da sculptor sake juya zuwa Misalin harshe. Light siririn adadi a kan wani zagaye pedestal - matasa jarumi warrior a makamai, cike da iko da gaggãwa gaba. Wannan sigar image na Roman bautãwa na yaki Mars. A karimcin na hannun dama, rike da takobinsa a zare ne m? Arfi. Vigorously jefar da alkyabbar baya. Beautiful manly fuska, da alfahari ta da kansa, m amincewa da mamaya ba, masterfully canjawa wuri zuwa ga adadi - wannan idealized image halitta da sculptor bautãwa na yaki.

Ya warrior garkuwa inuwõyi saka a baya shi bagaden a kan waxanda suke Sardinian da Neapolitan kambi da papal Tiara. The m ma'anar wannan hoton ne cewa Rasha makamai karkashin kulawa na Suvorov ta Italian gangamin kare moriyar kasashen uku wakilta.

A gyaffan bagaden located mace Figures NUNA mafi kyau na mutum falalan: fatan, bangaskiya da kauna.

A gaban gefe na pedestal akwai wani image na ketare Laurel da dabino rassan - wata alama ce Commonwealth baiwa na yaki da zaman lafiya.

Hero Garkuwa dogara a kan yaki kofuna da dama - core, gun Banners. A shinge a kusa da Dutsen yana da alaka da sarƙoƙi yawo da bama-bamai.

Kamã da jũna ma'anar da za a samu a kowane daki-daki na mutum-mutumi. Kuma da rubutu a kan pedestal: "Prince of Italy, Count Suvorov Rymniksky" ya ce game da wanda ya tsara wannan dutsen.

High ciki gaskiya

A takarda Kozlowski kawai vaguely m hoto kama ya halitta da kamã da jũna idealized image na ƙaunataccen jama'a gwarzo.

A elongated rabbai na fuska, zurfin-sa idanu, a manyan hanci da hankula sashe na tsufa, dan kadan sunken bakinka tagulla bautãwa na yaki Sahaban gane dabiu na babban general.

The kama ne sosai blurry da kuma m, na waje Vertical daidaito ne a fili ba wani fifiko shi ne mahaliccin da sassaka. Da hadaya AMINCI hoto, ya ba da unshakable nufin da dukkan-mamaya ikon Suvorov. Kozlowski harshen Misalin - a likening gunkin yaki - da kuma idealized image na heroes of mai girma Rasha kwamandan zãmunna. Kuma a cikin wannan - high ciki gaskiya da ya aiki.