Khodynka bala'i: description, tarihi, haddasawa, wadanda kuma sakamakon

Ban tausayi khodynka bala'i ya faru May 18, 1896 a cikin tsohon style. A babbar jama'a suka taru a kan karkata daga Moscow domin sa kambi na Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. A stampede kashe fiye da 1,300 mutane.

A kan Hauwa'u na da bala'i

By hadisin, wani al'amari, kamar sa kambi aka tare da wani taro idi. Haka kuma, wadannan ayyukan ba kunshe a cikin ikon yinsa, daga cikin aikin hukuma bikin. The sosai sa kambi na Nicholas Alexandrovich ya faru May 14, sa'an nan kuma a fadin kasar hukumomin shirya tare da hutu kyautai domin talakawa mutane. Wannan shi ne abin da ya sa aka babbar taron mutane. Jita-jita cewa Ice Palace za a bada tafi edible kyautai, ya tafi da sauri a fadin Moscow. A 1896 wannan wuri shi ne birni karkata. A filin da aka fadi, don haka aka yanke shawarar rike da bikin nan. Bugu da kari, an shirya cewa sarki da kansa ya ziyarci taron - saurare zuwa concert, wanda shi ne ya ba da ƙungiyar makaɗa.

taro murkushe

A bikin sun ga fara a 10 am. Amma da farkon safe a shafin shi da duka na game da rabin mutane miliyan. Khodynka bala'i ya fara ne a lokacin tsakanin jama'a akwai wata jita-jita cewa kyautai riga fara rarraba a gaba, amma saboda manyan yawan mutane, za su isar da kõme.

Treats aka bai wa a cikin wani musamman gina up katako haimõmi. A nan ne ya gudu hauka mutane. Rarrabawa fara amai abinci zuwa cikin taron, saboda haka cewa ta ba ya zo kusa da stalls cewa zai iya sauƙi kayar. Duk da haka, wannan kawai kara wa hargitsi. Daga cikin mutanen da suka fara fada domin kyauta. na farko ya bayyana murƙushe. Da sauri yada tsoro, cewa kawai ya dada tabarbare shi halin da ake ciki.

gwamnatin dauki

A cikin bala'i gaya wa Sarkin da kuma ya kawu Sergei Alexandrovich. A cikin 'yan sa'o'i da filin da aka barrantar da dukkan alamu na' yan wasan kwaikwayo. Khodynka bala'i ya canza ba da tsare-tsaren na autocrat. Ya farko ziyarci shirya shagali, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga Kremlin, inda ball da aka gudanar, wanda ya samu halartar duk Moscow aristocracy, kazalika da jakadu. Wasu m shawarci Nicholas ba up ziyara zuwa rawa to ko ta yaya nuna su da baƙin ciki a gare da matattu, kuma rauni. Duk da haka, ya bai canza tsare-tsaren. Zai yiwu wannan ya yi, saboda sarki bai so su zarga da jakadan kasar Faransa dake, wanda ya dauki a ball. Duk wannan da aka rubuta a cikin diary da sarki.

Sergei Witte (ministan kudi), wanda ya halarci Ice Palace a kan cewa nan a ranar, bar a tarihin, wanda ya raba da karatu ya ra'ayi game da abin da ya faru. Jami'ai yi imani da cewa da taron, a Khodynka, da Sanadin wanda ya hada da matalauta kungiyar na taron, mugun aiki ne bisa ga Sarkin sarakuna, wanda ya duba "sickly". Witte rubuta cewa, yiwu a da sarki ya rinjayi kawunsa Sergei (Grand Duke), ya shawarci shi don ci gaba da kome da kome kamar yadda aka yi nufi. Kansa sarki, bisa ga Ministan, haƙĩƙa, dã sun yi wani coci sabis a scene. Amma Nicholas ya ko da yaushe aka bambanta da cirkaka da kuma musamman dogara a kan 'yan'uwansu.

Duk da haka, 19 da kuma 20 na shi da matarsa da kuma kawun ziyarci Moscow asibiti, inda da rauni da aka kiyaye. sarki uwa, Maria Feodorovna, bayar da ya tanadi na 'yan dubu da suka tafi a kan magani. A wannan ya yi da na sarki biyu. A total na 90 dubu rubles aka kasaftawa. Iyalan marigayin sun aka sanya sirri pensions.

jana'izar

A babbar yawan gawawwakin ba za a iya gano. Duk wadannan an binne gawarwakin ne a hurumi Vagankovsky a kabari. Architect Illarion Ivanov-Shits tsara wani abin tunawa a gare ta. Ya tsira ga kwana, zai iya har yanzu a iya gani a cikin hurumi Vagankovsky.

Jiki, wanda ya iya gane 'yan'uwansa. Sarkin sarakuna umurce su da su ware kudi domin su jana'iza.

bincike

Alhakin da ya faru da aka bai wa 'yan sanda, wanda ya iya ba natsattsu hanya don tabbatar da aminci da irin wannan babban yanki a matsayin Khodynka. Kauna na mutane ya kai ga murabus Aleksandra Vlasovskogo. Ya umarci jami'an tsaro a birnin. A farko a ya kare kansa ce cewa festival kungiyar, wanda wuni a cikin taron a Khodynka May 18, 1896, tsunduma a cikin ma'aikatar cikin yadi.

Jami'ai daga cikin tsarin shawo bincikensa, abin da suka kasance ba ta da alhakin 'yan sanda domin a taron, amma da gaske ya jagoranci rarraba kyauta. Count Vorontsov-Dashkov, wanda ya Ministan cikin yadi, ta shiryar da shi a lokacin da Alexander III da Sarkin sarakuna ya ga wani sabon untouchable adadi. Ya kare mutane daga hare hare oberpolitsmeystera Vlasov. A daidai wannan lokaci da Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (da kuma Moscow gwamnan) ya zama majiɓinci daga birnin duka 'yan sanda.

Wannan rikici ya shafa dangantakar manyan jami'an, da tsaga a cikin ƙungiyõyi biyu. Daya rabin yana goyan bayan da ma'aikatar cikin yadi, da sauran - 'yan sanda. Mutane da yawa su undecided, ba da sanin abin da gefen zai zama sarki da kansa. A karshen, duk okin ya faranta ne sarki. Wuya kowa sha'awar hadayu a Khodynka 1896.

Nicholas II izini a gudanar da bincike ga ministan shari'a Nikolay Muravyov. Ya samu aiki a karkashin taimaka na Sergei Alexandrovich, don haka kotun ta yanke shawarar duk abin da zai zama da laifi Count Vorontsov-Dashkov. Amma sai interjected Maria Feodorovna (uwar sarki). Sun fi mayar saboda tasirin da take da bincike don amince Constantine Pahlen (kuma tsohon ministan shari'a).

Ya ya shahara ga da sanarwa cewa, a cikin wurare inda ya jagoranci babban shugabannai, ko da yaushe za rikici. Irin wannan matsayi da shi da yawa daga cikin Romanovs. Duk da haka, ya kasance karkashin jagorancin na Empress-uwa. Ya gudanar da bincike ya yi laifi oberpolitsmeystera Vlasov.

Nuna a cikin al'adun

Munin murkushe kan Khodynka filin sa a buga da dukan taron jama'ar Rasha. Wannan mummunan abun bar yawa tunanin jami'an, misali Sergey Vitte. Leo Tolstoy, mamakin abin da ya faru, ya rubuta wani gajeren labarin "Khodynka", wanda na kama da hoto na mutane ta tsoro a lokacin da wani stampede. Maxim Gorky amfani da labarin a cikin littafinsa "Life of Klim Samghin."