Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942

Kamar yadda muka sani, daga farkon zamanin yakin duniya na II, kuma domin da yawa watanni Soviet sojojin suka tattara a fadin tsawon na yammacin iyakar kasar. Domin da farko lokacin da gaggawar taki na makiya aka tsaya a watan Nuwamba 1941, a kan karkata daga Moscow. Sa'an nan da kudin da matukar kokarin da Red Army ya iya jefa Nazis. Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa kwamandojin sojan kasar ne m, a cikin shiri na sojojin za su gudanar da m harin. Duk da haka, irin wannan tunani iri iri sun kai ga wani bala'i kusa Kharkiv.

The ainihin shirin

By lokacin da hari na Jamus sojojin da aka samu nasarar tsaya, da kuma, haka ma, maƙiyi aka jefa baya daga Moscow iyakokin a kan wani fairly mai kyau nesa, mafi yawan masana'antu da aka kwashe zuwa Urals, inda canjawa a mafi Enterprises gudanar da wani aiki da samar da kayan aikin soji. Rasit na makamai zuwa cikin sojojin koma ga al'ada, a Bugu da kari, muhimmanci karu da ma'aikata na sojojin. Tuni a cikin na biyu da kwata na 1942 shi gudanar da su janye ba kawai kammala sojojin, amma sojojin da ajiye tara.

Bisa ga wadannan yanayi, da High umurnin yanke shawarar ci gaba a yawan m ayyukan a fagage daban-daban na gaban tare da makasudin zuwa demoralize da abokan gaba, ba su bar shi ya shiga su sojojin, yanke kudancin gaban da Jamus da kuma, latsa su halaka su. Daga cikin dabarun yadda ake gudanar da aka jera Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942.

A abun da ke ciki na gaba karo

A cikin Soviet gefe, aka yanke shawarar hada a yaƙi da sojojin uku fronts - Bryansk, ta Kudu-West kuma ta Kudu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fiye da shekaru goma na hada makamai sojojin, kazalika da bakwai tank bawo da fiye da ashirin na daban tank brigades. Bugu da kari, da gaban line an gyara ajiye, wanda kunshi ƙarin sulke raka'a. Kharkov 1942 tukunyar jirgi shirya a hankali, don haka da cewa hannu na fiye da 640 dubu sojoji da aka shirya domin nan gaba fadace-fadace, har da shugabannin, da kuma 1.2 dubu tankuna.

Umurnin dukan aiki da aka ma ɗõra wa ɗaukar na farko na mutanen kasar soja shugabanci. Daga cikin jagorancin da aka kai na Kudu-Western Front, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, shugaban hedkwatar karkashin jagorancin Ivan Bagramyan da Nikita Khrushchev. A kai na Kudancin Front a lokacin da aka Lieutenant-Janar Rodion Malinovsky. Hitler da sojojin karkashin jagorancin Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Common sojojin ƙidaya uku rundunar, gami da Shida Army of Paulus. Domin ta bangare, da Wehrmacht kira da aiki da tukunyar jirgi Kharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

shiri aikin

A farkon 1942, Soviet sojojin fara shiri horar da. Yana fara samuwar qarfin gwiwa a wasu sassa na Kudu-Western Front a cikin Kharkiv yankin a cikin kusanci da birnin zabibi, kusa da Seversky Donets River, a kan West Bank of wanda sun gudanar ya halicci da kuma goyon bayan a kara m at Kharkov, kuma Dnepropetrovsk. A musamman, da Soviet sojojin ya iya yanka da Railway line, wanda Forms da wadata da na makiya raka'a. Amma spring ya zo da tare da shi da laƙa a kan hanyoyi shãmakace a yaki da tsare-tsaren - m da za a tsaya.

forestall

Bisa ga tsare-tsaren na Jamus High umurnin zaci cewa tukunyar jirgi Kharkov 1942 ne da farko aka bayyana a cikin halakar da Soviet Army ta kafa wani bridgehead, sa'an nan a cikin muhalli. Nazis harin da aka ga za a fara a ranar May 18, amma Red Army gaba na Jamus, ya fara kai farmaki kwanaki shida a baya. The aiki da aka kaddamar da hare-hare a lokaci daya, maƙiyi raka'a daga arewa da kuma kudu. Bisa ga dabarun na Soviet umurninSa, da Shida Army ya samu a cikin yanayi - a Kharkov tukunyar jirgi. A shekarar 1942 daga farkon da jũna quite alamar - da farko ya shirya Soviet sadarwa an samu nasarar aiwatar. Bayan kwana biyar, suka zahiri gudanar latsa Jamus zuwa Kharkov.

Lokaci guda, a wajen gefen kudu na Jamus zalunta kawai uku Soviet Runduna, wanda ya gudanar ya karya ta cikin German defenses da kuma rufe a wani karamin gari, inda dogon m an fara fada. A arewa shi ne domin na farko kwanaki na aiki gudanar ya shiga cikin da Jamusanci defenses a kan 65 kilomita. Duk da haka, ta Kudu-West kuma ta Kudu fronts ba tabbatar da cewa sosai aiki, da barin Jamusawa lokaci don warware halin da ake ciki da kuma regroup da dakarun, ya kawo dukan bangare tare da farmaki yankunan.

A farko kasawa - da harbingers na bala'i

Operation "Kharkov tukunyar jirgi" (1942) da aka gudanar cikin nasara ga Soviet gefe kawai a farko 'yan kwanaki. By karshen rana ta biyar yãƙi, shi ya bayyana cewa abubuwa ba su je daidai da na mãkirci. By wannan lokaci da tsaro da za a kyawawan tsanani karya, kuma Soviet sojojin - don matsar da nisa gaba, amma har yanzu suna wajaba a kan gaban line. A arewacin sashe na tsaron gida yaƙi da Jamus harin da aka tsaurara. Masana tarihi sun lura da cewa, a farkon zamanin da hari tare da kudu da arewa bangarorin yi inconsistently. A mahadi na Kudancin kuma Kudu-Western fronts, da kuma duk amsa inconsistently, samar da tsanani kasawa a cikin aiki.

Har ila yau, ba ta samar reserves, shirye-shiryen da aikin injiniya Tsarin da shingen da aka a wani musamman low matakin. A sakamakon haka, a wajen gefen kudu ba kulla m tsaron gida. Yana da aka jera dalilin da ya sa tukunyar jirgi Kharkov 1942 ƙarshe ya juya wani bala'i ga Soviet sojojin. Kada ka manta cewa da umurnin ba ya unsa da yiwuwar wani Jamus m a lokacin aiki. Irin wannan amana wahayi zuwa ga kafa qafafunku.

riposte

Jamus sojojin ma suka shirya su yi dũka biyu naushe a gefen kudu a springboard ci gaba da bunkasa da m kan zabibi. A wannan yanki na Tara Army ke da alhakin. Yana da aka shirya cewa Jamusawa karya ta Soviet defenses da kuma dakarun yanke up kashi biyu domin kewaya, kuma ya halaka su dabam. Next shi sa ran ci gaba da m ya hallaka dukan sojojin kungiyar, wanda ya yi kunshe kansu a cikin bridgehead.

A rana ta biyar na yaƙi na farko Panzer Army gudanar ya karya ta da tsaro da kuma goyon bayan da Red Army ya buge. Add cewa a rana ta farko da suka yi iya yanke daga babban sojojin na daya daga cikin sojojin na Kudancin Front da kuma yiwuwar su mãsu bãyar da bãya zuwa gabas har kwana goma. Kila riga Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942 (photo, da alaqa da events gabatar a review) aka wanzuwa. Tymoshenko, farga da matsananciyar halin da ake ciki, ya tambaye Moscow domin izni mãsu bãyar da bãya. Ko da yake Alexander Vasilevsky, a lokacin riga nada babban hafsan, a yarda Stalin ce ta categorical "ba." A sakamakon haka, a kan May 23 Manyan yawan Soviet sojojin da aka kewaye.

Makiya tarko

Daga wannan lokacin da Red Army kokarin wuya a karya ta hanyar kawancen. A musamman, da Jamusanci jami'an tuno da frantic da kuma zafin hari wuce yarda da manyan yawan dakaru. Kokarin ba su kasance musamman nasara: kwanaki uku daga farkon yanayi Soviet sojojin da aka kõra su zuwa ga wani gwada da kananan yanki kusa da karamin gari na Barvinkove. Shi ne kawai rukunin farko na yakin duniya na biyu. Kharkov tukunyar jirgi ne kawai da ma'ana sakamakon wani rashin horo da kuma rashin daidaituwa. ba zai iya samun fita daga cikin encirclement na Soviet part saboda karfi Jamus defenses. Dukansu Tymoshenko kõme ba kuma yi amma ya dakatar da m.

Duk da haka, ƙoƙarin janye daga yanayi ci gaba da dama days. Duk da babbar asarar (a zahiri m jerin wadanda aka) Kharkov tukunyar jirgi gudanar ya karya ta hanyar kadan kauye kusa da Lozovenka. Amma ya iya tserewa zuwa daga tarko ne kawai a cikin goma na kama a cikinsa. Yana da aka kaye. Mummunar a Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942 - 171.000 mutane - rasa rayukansu a zahiri kamar cewa, ba za mu iya ce, saboda son zũciyõyin Stalin. A total number of asarar kai 270 dubu.

dire sakamakon

A mafi muhimmanci sakamakon gazawar da aka jimlar weakening na Soviet defenses tare da dukan tsawon na Kudancin Front. Fairly manyan sojojin da aka kashe a cikin Kharkov tukunyar jirgi (1942). Takaici a sauyi a yaki, shi ne ma mai raɗaɗi. Kuma da Wehrmacht ne, ba shakka, da-amfani.

Jamus kaddamar da wani m m, a cikin shugabanci na Caucasus da Volga. A marigayi Yuni, bayan wucewa tsakanin Kharkov, kuma Kursk, suka kutsa zuwa cikin Don. Biya dearly Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942 - lists na matattu shiga da dama m kwamandojin sojan kasar, ciki har da shugabannin rundunan sojojinsa da fronts. Amma yayin da mãsu bãyar da bãya sassa na kudu maso yammacin Front asarar sun babba. Yayin da Jamusawa dauki Voronezh da kuma mayar da su Rostov, da Soviet sojojin rasa fursunoni daga 80 zuwa 200 dubu mayakan. Rostov shan zuwa karshen watan Yuli, a farkon watan Agusta, da makiya suka zo Stalingrad - a milestone cewa Jamus ba za ta iya shawo kan.

Game da halin da ake ciki a Kharkov ne na karshe rabo daga cikin Wehrmacht a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ya rubuta wani littafi Konstantin Bykov - "Kharkov tukunyar jirgi 1942 shekara."

Koma Kharkov

A gaskiya ma, yãƙi a Kharkov iyakokin sun fiye da sau daya. Kuma wannan shi ne m. Hitler ya fara nasa hari daidai da Belarus da kuma Ukraine. A kan hanyoyin Kharkov, Soviet sojojin ya riga ya fara mayar da hankali da kuma koyi su yi yaƙi da baya da makiya. Saboda haka, na farko tukunyar jirgi Kharkov 1941 "tafasar" a cikin watan Oktoba. Sa'an nan da bangarorin biyu suka yi jihãdi cike take ga masana'antu dũkiya daga birnin. Duk da haka, a lokacin da birnin fadi, mafi yawan manyan ƙera ko an riga an fitar dashi ko hallaka.

The uku karo a cikin wannan iyakoki faru shekara guda bayan na biyu yaƙi. Wani Kharkov tukunyar jirgi - 1943 - An kafa a watan Fabrairu da Maris a cikin ƙasa tsakanin Kharkiv da Voronezh. Kuma wannan lokaci, birnin ya kuma an samu izini. Asarar da a garesu sun kasance fiye da ban sha'awa.