Karfe gami

Metal gami ne ruwa da kuma m tsarin. Suna kafa ta alloying biyu ko fiye abubuwa. Haša ma daban-daban karafa. Asalinsu ajali ambatacce ake magana kawai ga kayan da ciwon ƙarfe Properties. Duk da haka, tare da m ci gaba na fasaha da kuma definition kimiyyar lissafi ƙwarai kumbura, kuma yada.

Karafa da karfe gami an yi amfani da yadu a cikin yi da gine kayan aiki, kayan aiki, kayan aiki da kuma sauran abubuwa. Duk da fairly high Yaduwar samar halitta wani wucin gadi, da samfurin na sama kayan sau da yawa samar da tushen zane, da kuma masana hango ko hasashen cewa a cikin foreseeable nan gaba, za ta ci gaba da matsayi.

Alkaline ƙasa, kuma Alkali karafa (K, Na, Ca, Li) a cikin wani free jihar ana amfani da makaman nukiliya reactors a matsayin wani ruwa karfe. Sodium da ake amfani da matsayin mai kara kuzari a yi na roba, lithium - doping wani karfi, hur aluminum mahadi. Suna amfani da jirgin sama.

Metals (tushe karafa) an same ta halitta a cikin salts, oxides da ores. Yawanci, a tsarkake form a cikin yanayi abubuwa ne chemically barga (Au, Pt, Cu, Ag). Daga cikin bude abubuwa a cikin lokaci-lokaci Mendeleyev System saba'in shida koma zuwa karafa, Si, Se, Ge, Te , As - to matsakaici mambobi tsakanin karafa da kuma nonmetals, wani lokaci ana kiransu, kuma semimetals.

Ƙarfe kayan ana kasu biyu manyan kungiyoyin. Na farko shi ne da baƙin ƙarfe, da ta gami (baƙin ƙarfe da karfe), to a karo na biyu - nonferrous karafa da kuma nonferrous karfe gami. A karshen, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi:

- haske (yawa na zuwa 5 grams / cm3).

- nauyi (yawa mafi girma daga 10 grams / cm3).

- fusible (tare da wani narkewa batu na daga 232 zuwa 410 digiri).

- tsaurin (dab da zazzabi mafi girma fiye da na baƙin ƙarfe).

- Manzon Allah Sallallahu (da ciwon high lalata juriya).

Metals da daban-daban Properties. Saboda haka, misali, Mercury freezes a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zazzabi debe 38.8 darajõji, tungsten, iya withstanding da zafin aiki har zuwa 2000 digiri, sodium, lithium, potassium wuta fiye ruwa, da kuma osmium da iridium mutum fiye da lithium a cikin arba'in da biyu sau. Kusan duk karfe gami da halaye na wanda aka bayyana a matsayin tsarin da kuma na abun da ke ciki a fili bisa ga sanyaya kuma solidification yanayi, inji da kuma thermal jiyya. Sanyaya ko dumama taimakawa wajen canza a cikin tsarin da karfe mahadi. Wannan, bi da bi, yana da wani tasiri a kan jiki, inji da kuma sinadaran Properties, da hali na kayan a lokacin aiki da kuma yin amfani.

Masana sun gano wadannan janar Properties na karafa da kuma gami:

1. High thermal watsin.
2. Karuwan ductility.
3. High lantarki watsin.
4. M zazzabi siga na lantarki juriya. Wannan rabo wakiltar da juriya da karuwa tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, da kuma a yanayin zafi kusa da cikakkar sifili - jejjerawa yawa ƙarfe kayan.
5. High reflectivity. Ƙarfe kayan su ba m, kuma suna da halayyar ƙarfe luster.
6. Thermionic watsi - ikon fitarwa na maniyyi electrons lokacin tsanani da.
7. A m jihar crystal tsarin.

Don gane da kuma tabbatar da kaddarorin cewa da karfe gami, kwararru amfani da dama kula da hanyoyin, ciki har da hallakaswa. Saboda haka, ƙarfe da kayan gwada wa plasticity, ƙarfi, zafi juriya, da kuma juriya da lalata. A lokaci guda sun nemi maras hallakaswa kula da hanyoyin. Wadannan sun hada da ji na Magnetic, Tantancewar, lantarki Properties, taurin index shiba.