Iyakance factor da harshen damo na kwayoyin: haske, ruwa, zazzabi

Lalle ne, kowane daga cikin mu lura da yadda tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in habaka a cikin gandun daji, amma a bude sarari ji dadi. Ko, misali, wasu jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da] imbin, yayin da wasu ne mafi iyakance lokacin da alama m yanayi. All rayuwa a duniya ta wata hanya ɗã'a ga da kansa dokoki da ka'idoji. Su binciken hulda da lafiyar qasa. Daya daga cikin muhimman maganganun - Liebig m dokar (iyakance factor).

Iyakance muhalli factor: abin da yake da shi?

Jamus sunadarai da kuma kafa m sunadarai, Farfesa wa laƙabi da Yustus von Liebig, sanya da yawa binciken. Daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma gane - gano daga cikin muhimman hakkokin dokokin da lafiyar qasa: da iyakance factor. Yana da aka tsara a cikin 1840, da kuma daga baya suna goyon bayan da jimlace Shelford. Dokar ta bayyana cewa duk wani mai rai gabar mafi muhimmanci a factor cewa sun fi mayar da deviates daga ta ganiya darajar. A wasu kalmomin, da wanzuwar wata dabba ko wani shuka dogara a kan mai tsanani (m ko matsakaicin) da wani yanayin. Mutane suna da samu cikin rayuwarsa da dama iyakance dalilai.

"Ganga Liebig"

Iyakance factor da harshen damo na kwayoyin, na iya zama daban-daban. Tsara dokar har yanzu yadu a yi amfani da aikin noma. Yu.Libih gano cewa, shuka yawan aiki dogara da farko a kan ma'adinai abu (gina jiki), mafi weakly bayyana a cikin ƙasa. Alal misali, idan nitrogen a cikin ƙasa kawai 10% na bukata kudi, da kuma phosphorus - 20%, da factor iyakance raya al'ada, - da rashin farko memba. Saboda haka, kasar gona ya kamata da farko sa nitrogen taki. Matsakaicin darajar da fili gane dokar da aka bayyana a cikin abin da ake kira "ganga Liebig" (hoton sama). Its ainihi shi ne cewa a lokacin da ciko da akwati da ruwa ya fara ambaliya, inda guntu jirgin, da kuma tsawon sauran bai hana kome ba yawa.

ruwa

Wannan factor ne mafi wuya da muhimmanci fiye da sauran. Ruwa - tushen rayuwa, kamar yadda wasa muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar guda cell da dukan kwayoyin. Rike da yawa a dama matakin - daya daga cikin manyan physiological ayyuka na duk wata shuka ko dabba. Ruwa a matsayin factor iyakance ikon rayuwa, saboda da m rarraba ruwa a Duniya ta surface ko'ina cikin shekara. A lokacin juyin halitta, da yawa kwayoyin sun saba da tattali amfani da ruwa, fuskanci rani dormant ko quiescent. Mafi karfi da wannan factor da aka bayyana a cikin hamadar da kuma Semi-Hamada, inda shi ne sosai wanda bai isa ba, kuma musamman Flora da fauna.

haske

A shigowa da hasken rana radiation a cikin nau'i na haske samar da duk m matakai a duniya. Kwayoyin muhimmanci ta zango, duration na daukan hotuna, da tsanani da radiation. Dangane da wadannan Manuniya ne karbuwa da kwayoyin zuwa muhalli da yanayi. A matsayin factor cewa ƙuntatãwa zama, shi ne musamman karfi a cikin deepwater. Alal misali, shuke-shuke a zurfin mita 200 ba Dating. Tare da lighting a cikin wancan, "aiki" na akalla biyu iyakance dalilai: da matsa lamba da kuma oxygen taro. Wannan za a iya lissafi na wurare masu zafi rainforests Kudancin Amirka, kamar yadda mafi m ga rai na ƙasa.

yanayi zazzabi

Ba asiri da cewa duk da physiological matakai a cikin jiki, ya dogara da waje da kuma ciki da zazzabi. Tare da mafi yawan jinsunan saba da wani fairly kunkuntar range (15-30 ° C). Musamman karfi dogara da aka bayyana a kwayoyin wanda ba su iya da kansa kula da m jiki zafin jiki, misali, da abubuwa masu rarrafe (dabbobi masu rarrafe). A kan aiwatar da juyin kafa wani sa na na'urorin da cewa ba a shawo kan iyaka factor. Saboda haka, danshin ruwa a lokacin zafi weather don kauce wa zafi fiye da kima na shuke-shuke da aka inganta ta hanyar da stomata, da dabbobi - ta hanyar fata da kuma miciwa, kazalika da halayya halaye (boye a cikin inuwa, ramuka, da dai sauransu).

abin gurɓatawa

The darajar da mutum factor kamata ba za a underestimated. A karshe 'yan ƙarni ga wani mutum alama ta m fasaha ci gaba, da saurin ci gaban da masana'antu. Wannan ya kai ga cewa watsi a cikin ruwa jikinsu, ƙasa kuma yanayi sun karu da sau da yawa. Fahimci abin da factor iyaka daya ko wani tsari, shi ne zai yiwu ne kawai bayan da bincike. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya bayyana da cewa bambancin da mutum yankuna ko yankuna sun canza bayan fitarwa. Kwayoyin daidaita da kuma canji, wasu suna maye gurbinsu da wasu.

Duk da wannan - babban dalilai iyakance rayuwa. Bayan wadannan, akwai wasu da dama da suke da kawai zai yiwu ba ga lissafa. Kowane jinsi da kuma ko da mutum na musamman, don haka da iyakance dalilai zai zama mafi bambancin. Alal misali, domin kifi muhimmanci yawan oxygen narkar da a cikin ruwa ga shuke-shuke - da ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun da ke ciki na pollinating kwari da dai sauransu

All rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da wasu iyaka na jimiri a daya ko wani iyakance factor. Wasu suna fadi da isa, yayin da wasu - kunkuntar. Dangane da wannan siga da kuma rarrabe eurybionts stenobiont. Da farko iya jure manyan mawadãta oscillations na daban-daban iyakance dalilai. Alal misali, talakawa fox zauna yadu daga steppe to-tundra, Wolves, da dai sauransu Stenobiont, da bambanci, suna iya yin tsayayya sosai kunkuntar hawa da sauka, da suka hada da kusan dukkan tsire-tsire Rainforest.