Ivan Red. Shekaru na Ivan II Red

Ivan Red, Ivan ko 2, shi ne daya daga wani irin Grand shugabanninsu. An haife shi a Moscow a kan Maris 30, 1326. Shi ne na biyu, ɗan Ivan Kalita 1 da Princess Elena - na farko matar sarki. Ya sunan barkwanci da aka Red Ivan, a cewar wasu tarihin, saboda ta kwarai kyakkyawa. A cewar wani version, saboda ya birthday fadi a kan m rana Quasimodo, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira Red tudu.

Dama zuwa sarauta

A 1340, ya mutu Ivan Kalita 1, amma a shekara kafin mutuwarsa, ya, tare da 'yan'uwansa maza da Saminu, da Ivan, ya tafi zuwa ga Khan na taro. Sarkin so don samun na farko lakabin zuwa tafiyad da shi zuwa Moscow gida, saboda a wannan lokacin farfado da Tver sarauta, shugaban wanda aka sanya wani karfi m Alexander. Ya kuma yana yin gasa da babban dan Ivana Kality, da kuma kuma yi iƙirarin zama babban iko. A sakamakon haka, da Saminu samu lakabin a kan babban sarautar da kuma bayan rasuwar tsohonsa ya fara sarauta a jihar.

Zvenigorod Prince

A na biyu, ɗan Ivan Kalita, Ivan Red, bisa ga mahaifinsa ba, tsiwirwirinsu iko da 23 garuruwa da kauyuka, mafi muhimmanci daga abin da suke Ruza da Zvenigorod. Bugu da kari, ta management shi ma na uku na Moscow, samu da co-mallaka na 'yan'uwa uku. Saboda haka, Ivan Red samu title of Prince of Zvenigorod.

Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu, ya kasance shekaru 14 da haihuwa. A waɗannan kwanaki sai aka dauke kusan mutum girma. Ko sa'an nan, da matasa prince aka ba su gani ba a matsayin mai zaman kanta da manufofin. Ivan ya ko da yaushe ya kasance a cikin inuwa daga cikin ayyukan da ɗan'uwansa, Saminu da Proud, kuma ba musamman gwaninta mallaki.

A daukan hankali misali na wannan sanarwa ne da wadannan hujja. A 1348, karkarar da Novgorod ƙasar ba zato ba tsammani mamaye Swedish sarki Magnus 2 tare da sojojinsa. Saminu da Proud aika da taimakon makwabta wa Ivan, amma ya ji tsoron rikicin tare da abokin sojojin da kuma gaggauta mayar wa Moscow. By lokacin da Swedes gudanar ya kama da castle goro da kuma kama da dozin manya. A sakamakon haka, Novgorod ya jimre wa kansa da abokan gaba, da kuma Ivan Red taba courted soja daukaka kansa.

Grand Duke

A 1353 a birnin Moscow, wani annoba da annoba cewa da'awar da yawa rayuwarsu. Ba kare shi da Saminu da Proud iyali. Bayan mutuwarsa, da kane na Ivan Red ba zato ba tsammani found kansa ya samu title of Grand Duke. Ya kasance cikakken ba a shirye domin wannan, domin shi ba zai iya yadda ya kamata gudanar da mulki.

Taro a wannan lokaci da yanayin da ake ciki ya ba ta shãmakace. A wannan lokacin, kawai mutu Khan Uzbek, don haka shugabanni da aka canza haka azumi cewa suna da shi ba lokacin da kuma samar da makamashi don samun a cikin kasuwanci na Rasha mulkoki. Ya kamata a lura da cewa 'yan so ganin Ivan kamar sarkinsu. Specific shugabannin ko da yaushe mamaki don hana ikon Ivan 2. Duk da haka, duk da dabarunsa ba nasara.

A lokacin da

Ivan Red 2 zama a ikon kawai 6 years old. A cewar masana tarihi, shi ne faceless wakilin dukan sarakuna na HALITTAR Kalitichey wanda ya taba shagaltar da kursiyin. Mafi m, Ivan 2 da kuma ya san dole ne ya yi aiki decisively da kuma ci gaba da manufofin da ya bi mahaifinsa da yayana, amma ba zai iya yin wani abu.

A wani rauni da sabon Grand Duke bayyana kanta kusan nan da nan. Fara mahara kai hare-hare a kan ta ƙasar. Prince Ryazanskiy iya kama Lopasnya zubar tsakanin Moscow da kuma Serpukhov. Lithuania, bi da bi, ya jagoranci dakarun da Mozhaisk kuma lazimta masa Kiev Lardi. Novgorod a cikin taro fara rikici da Ivan 2 da wuri prochit protege - Suzdal Prince Constantine. Kuma zuwa top shi duka, Knights ciki jayayya fara a Moscow kanta, kuma akwai wata wuta.

Duk wadannan yanayi na iya ba a kowace hanya taimakawa wajen karfafa ikon Ivan 2. Mafi m, ya ba zai iya riƙe da ragamar mulki a hannuwansu, a matsayin wani rauni a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ya alatu, idan ba don dalilai biyu. Farko - goyon baya ga Moscow boyars, wanda ba ya so ya daina su da gata, na biyu - da coci.

Tarihi ya sani yawa misalai a lokacin da rauni hali na mulkin yakan more iko adadi. A wannan yanayin, shi ne sai shugaban na Orthodox Church, wanda yana da wani na kwarai hankali, wani abun lura diplomasiyya basira da kuma mai karfi da so, da Lardi Alexy. Yana da aka ta hanyar goyon bayan da Ivan 2 Red gudanar ya ci gaba da lakabinsa na Grand Duke na Moscow har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1359.

sakamakon

Wasu masu tarihi sun ayan yi imani da cewa zamanin Ivan Red bai kawo Moscow Rasha kõme ba, fãce taimako da tasiri a kan makwabtaka da sarauta. The kawai abin yabo wannan sarkin dauke shiga Kostroma da Dmitrov ƙasashe, domin su Moscow. Ya kuma aka sani na zama uban Dmitry Donskoy - mai girma Rasha kwamandan, wanda ya lashe a yakin Kulikov.