Ana zargin Palasdinawa matsala. Palasdinawa matsala a yanzu mataki

Palasdinawa matsala ne daya daga cikin mafi wuya al'amurran da suka shafi ga kasa da kasa. Yana samo asali a shekarar 1947 da kuma kafa tushen da rikicin gabas ta tsakiya, da cin gaban wanda aka lura har yanzu.

A Brief History of Palestine

The asalin Palasdinawa matsala dole ne, a nemi a zamanin da. Sa'an nan wannan yankin da aka fage na zartsi gwagwarmaya tsakanin Mesofotamiya, Misira da kuma Phenicia. Lokacin da sarki Dawuda aka halitta da wani karfi Yahudawa jihar tare da cibiyar a Urushalima. Amma a II. BC. e. nan da Romawa suka mamaye. Su wawushe kasar da kuma ba shi wani sabon sunan - Palestine. A sakamakon haka, Yahudawa yawan da aka tilasta yin hijira, kuma nan da nan zauna a fagage daban-daban da kuma gauraye da Kiristoci.

A wani VII. Palestine aka hõre Larabawa ci. Su dominance a cikin wannan yanki tsawon kusan shekaru 1,000. A cikin rabi na biyu na XIII - farkon XVI karni. Palestine wani lardi na Misira, wanda ya yi mulki a lokacin da Mamluk daular. Bayan haka, da yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na Ottoman Empire. By ƙarshen XIX karni. kasaftawa yankin tsakiya a Urushalima, wanda aka kai tsaye karkashin iko da Istanbul.

The kafa na Birtaniya umarni

Ana zargin Palasdinawa matsalar da aka alaka Birtaniya siyasa, don haka ya kamata ka yi la'akari da tarihi da kafa Birtaniya umarni a cikin wannan yanki.

A Balfour Declaration aka bayar a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A daidai da shi Birtaniya da tabbatacce hali zuwa halittar kasa gida ga Yahudawa a Palestine. Bayan haka, ci na kasar da aka aiko wani legion na yahudawan sahyoniya masu sa kai.

A 1922, da League of Nations ya Birtaniya a umarni a kan Palestine. Yana shiga karfi a shekarar 1923.

A lokacin daga 1919 zuwa 1923 a Palestine hijira game da 35 dubu Yahudawa, da kuma daga 1924 zuwa 1929 -. 82 dubu.

A halin da ake ciki a Palestine a lokacin da Birtaniya umarni

A lokacin da Birtaniya umarni, Yahudawa da Larabawa al'ummomi jagoranci wani zaman kanta m siyasa. A 1920 g. Hagan (tsarin alhakin kai Yahudawa) da shi da aka kafa. Natsuwa a Palestine gina gidaje da kuma hanyoyi, suka halitta da suka ci gaba tattalin arziki da zaman jama'a ababen more rayuwa. Wannan ya kai ga fushi na larabawa, da sakamakon wanda ya kasance anti-Yahudawa Rikicin. Sai a wannan lokaci (1929) ya fara fito fili Palasdinawa matsala. Birtaniya hukumomi a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki goyon Yahudawa yawan. Duk da haka Rikicin ya kai ga bukatar takura su hijirarsa zuwa Palestine, kazalika da sayan ƙasar nan. Hukumomi ko bayar da wani da ake kira White Paper Passfilda. An muhimmanci iyakance hijirarsa na Yahudawa a kan Palasdinawa ƙasar.

A halin da ake ciki a Palestine kafin yakin duniya na II

Bayan zuwa ga ikon Adolf Hitler a Jamus,} aura zuwa Palestine, daruruwan dubban Yahudawa. A wannan batun, Royal Hukumar samarwa don su raba Birtaniya umarni ƙasa na kasar kashi biyu. Saboda haka, da za a halitta Yahudawa da Larabawa jihohi. Da aka zaci cewa duka sassa na tsohon Palestine an daure da yarjejeniya wajibai da England. Wannan tsari Yahudawa goyon, amma Larabawa tsayayya. Sun bukaci da samuwar guda jihar, wanda tabbas zai da daidaitakar dukan kabilun.

A 1937-1938. Yana gudanar da wani yaki tsakanin Yahudawa da Larabawa. Bayan ta kammala (1939), MacDonald White Paper an ci gaba da British hukumomi. Yana dauke da wani tsari don ƙirƙirar a cikin shekaru 10 guda jihar da Larabawa da kuma Yahudawa za su shiga a cikin gwamnatin. Yahudawan sahyoniya tone MacDonald White Paper. A ranar da ta buga da aka gudanar Yahudawa zanga-zangar, mayakan na Haganah aikata kisan kiyashi muhimmanci dabarun wurare.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II

Bayan zuwa ga ikon, Churchill Haganah mayakan rayayye halarci Birtaniya gefe a cikin tashin a Syria. Da zarar ya bace da barazana da mamayewa na Nazi sojojin a kan ƙasa na Palestine, da Irgun (a clandestine kungiyar 'yan ta'adda) ya jagoranci wani tawaye ga Ingila. Bayan da yaki, Birtaniya ƙuntata shigarwa na Yahudawa a cikin ƙasar. A wannan batun, shi ya hada kai tare da Haganah Irgun. Halitta su wani motsi "na Yahudawa juriya." Members na wadannan kungiyoyi farmaki da dabarun abubuwa, sanya wani ƙoƙari a kan wakilan da mulkin mallaka gwamnati. A shekarar 1946, 'yan bindiga hura tashi duk da gadoji da cewa alaka Palestine tare da makwabta.

Halittar jihar Isra'ila. Ana zargin Palasdinawa matsala

A shekarar 1947, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ƙaddamar da shirin bangare na Palestine, kamar yadda Birtaniya ya ce shi ba zai iya sarrafa halin da ake ciki a kasar. An kafa kwamitin na kasashe 11. Bisa ga shawarar da babban taron MDD, bayan May 1, 1948, a lokacin da a tsagaita zuwa Birtaniya umarni, Palestine ya kamata a barsu a karkashin zuwa jihohi biyu (Yahudawa da Larabawa). Kamar wancan Urushalima ya zama karkashin kasa da kasa iko. Wannan MDD shirin da aka soma da mafi rinjaye zaben.

Mayu 14, 1948 aka sanar da zaman kanta a jihar na Isra'ila. Daidai sa'a daya kafin karshen Birtaniya umarni a Palestine, David Ben-Gurion sanya jama'a da rubutu na "jawabi na Independence".

Saboda haka, duk da cewa da Jigo na wannan rikici da aka kayyade a baya, zargin da Falasdinawa matsalar da ake dangantawa da halittar jihar Isra'ila.

War of 1948-1949,

Kashegari bayan da shela da Isra'ila ta yanke shawarar kirkiro a kan karkararta mamaye Syria, Iraqi da dakarun, Lebanon, Misira da kuma Transjordan. Dalilin wadannan kasashen Larabawa ya zuwa halakar da sabuwar kafa jihar. Palasdinawa matsala ta tsananta saboda da sabon hali. A May 1948, Isra'ila tsaron Forces (IDF) da aka halicce su. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sabuwar gwamnatin kasar tana goyon bayan Amurka. Tare da wannan a cikin watan Yuni 1948, Isra'ila ta kaddamar da wani counter-m. A yãƙi ƙare kawai a 1949. A lokacin yakin, Isra'ila-sarrafawa West Urushalima tabbatar da wani babba ɓangare na Larabawa yankuna.

Suez yaƙin neman zaɓe na 1956

Bayan na farko yaki, matsalar da samuwar Palasdinawa statehood kuma da amincewa da 'yancin kai na Larabawa na Isra'ila ya ba bace, amma ya tsananta.
A shekarar 1956, Misira nationalized da Suez Canal. Faransa da Birtaniya sun fara shirye-shirye domin aiki, da babban mai daukan hankali da karfi wanda ya ceci Isra'ila. Soja fara a watan Oktoba shekara ta 1956 a cikin Sinai Larabawa. By marigayi Nuwamba, Isra'ila sarrafawa kusan dukkan karkararta (ciki har da Sharm el-Sheikh, da Zirin Gaza). Wannan halin da ake ciki ya sa damunsu da Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka. By farkon 1957 a Ingila da kuma Isra'ila sojojin janye daga yankin.

A shekarar 1964, shugaban kasar Masar qaddamar da kafa "Palestine Liberation Organization" (PLO). A da manufofin daftarin aiki ce cewa bangare na Palestine a cikin sassa ne ba bisa doka ba. Bugu da kari, da PLO ba a gane jihar na Isra'ila.

The shida Day yaki

5 ga watan Yuni, 1967 uku kasashen Larabawa (Misira, Jordan da kuma Syria) sun kawo sojoji zuwa Isra'ila ta kan iyakoki, da An katange hanya zuwa Bahar Maliya da kuma Suez Canal. The sojojin wadannan kasashe suna da wani gagarumin amfani. A wannan rana, Isra'ila ta kaddamar "Operation Moked" da kuma aika sojoji zuwa Misira. A wani al'amari na kwanaki (daga 5 zuwa 10 Yuni) karkashin iko da Isra'ila duka Sinai, Urushalima, ƙasar Yahudiya, Samariya, da Golan Heights. Ya kamata a lura cewa Syria da kuma Misira zargi kasar Birtaniya da kuma Amurka na da hannu a tashin a kan Isra'ila ta gefe. Duk da haka, wannan zato da aka karyata.

"Yom Kippur War"

Isra'ila-Palasdinawa matsala ya zama aggravated bayan da shida Day War. Misira, ya sha nanata} o} arin sake samu iko da Sinai Larabawa.
A 1973 wani sabon yaki. Shida daga Oktoba (Ranar Atonement a cikin Yahudawa kalandar) Misira aika dakarun cikin Sinai da kuma sojojin Syria ya shagaltar da Golan Heights. IDF gudanar tare da kai hari da sauri ga fitar da Arab raka'a daga waɗanda yankuna. A yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sa hannu ranar 23 ga Oktoba (Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet matsakanci a cikin tattaunawa kasance).

A shekarar 1979, wani sabon yarjejeniyar da aka kulla tsakanin Isra'ila da kuma Misira. Karkashin iko da Yahudawa jihar zauna zirin Gaza, da Sinai aka mayar da su zuwa ta gabata mai shi.

"Aminci a ƙasar Galili"

Manufar da kawar da Isra'ila, da PLO da ke a cikin yaki. By 1982, da PLO support tushe da aka kafa kudancin Lebanon. A da karkararta aka kullum shelling ƙasar Galili. 3 Yuni, 1982 'yan ta'adda yunkurin da aka sanya a kan Israeli Jakadan a London.

A 5 ga watan Yuni, da IDF gudanar da wani cin nasara aiki, a lokacin da Larabawa gefe suka ci. Isra'ila lashe yaki, duk da haka, Palasdinawa batun da aka cika fuska dada tabarbare. Wannan shi ne saboda tabarbarewar Yahudawa jihar a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama.

The search for lumana yarjejeniya da rikici a shekarar 1991

Palasdinawa matsala a dangantakar kasa da kasa taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ana rinjayar da bukatun da kasashen da dama, ciki har da Birtaniya, Faransa, Tarayyar Soviet, da Amurka da kuma wasu.

A 1991, Madrid taron ya faru, tsara don warware rikicin gabas ta tsakiya. Its shirya sun Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Su kokarin da aka yi don tabbatar da cewa kasashen Larabawa (jam'iyyun da rikici) ya yi amana da Yahudawa jihar.

Fahimtar jigon Palasdinawa matsala, Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet miƙa Isra'ila ta janye daga shagaltar da yankuna. Suka yi don tabbatar da 'yancin Palasdinawa mutane da kuma tsaro ga Yahudawa jihar. The Madrid taro ya samu halartar karo na farko duk al'amurran da rikicin gabas ta tsakiya. Bugu da kari, akwai aka yi aiki daga wani dabara domin nan gaba tattaunawar, "zaman lafiya a musayar yankuna".

Da tattaunawa a Oslo

A gaba ƙoƙari su warware rikici sun kasance m tattaunawa tsakanin wakilan Isra'ila da PLO, wanda ya faru a watan Agusta na shekara ta 1993 a birnin Oslo. Matsakanci su yi magana Norwegian ministan harkokin wajen kasar. Isra'ila da kuma PLO ya sanar da amincewa da juna. Bugu da kari, cikin karshen ɗauka su warware sakin layi Yarjejeniya, wanda na bukatar halakar da Yahudawa jihar. A tattaunawar wuni a sayi a Washington na jawabi na Principles. The daftarin aiki envisaged gabatarwar kai gwamnati a zirin Gaza na tsawon shekaru 5.

A general, da tattaunawa a Oslo bai kawo gagarumin sakamako. Ba a ayyana mai zaman kanta Palasdinawa 'yan gudun hijira ba zai iya komawa zuwa kakanninsu ƙasa da aka ba a tsare da matsayi na Urushalima.

Palasdinawa matsala a yanzu mataki

Tun da farkon na biyu dubbai ta, al'ummomin kasa da kasa, ya sha nanata} o} arin shirya Palasdinawa matsala. uku-mataki shirin "bu] e hanyar" da aka ɓullo da a 2003. Ya zaci cikakken da karshe shiri na rikicin gabas ta tsakiya ta hanyar 2005. Don yin wannan, shi ya shirya ya haifar da wani mai yiwuwa mulkin demokra jihar - Palestine. Wannan aikin da aka amince da duka jam'iyyun da rikici da kuma har yanzu ya rike ta matsayi a matsayin kawai m mataki shirin zaman lafiya shiri na Palasdinawa matsala.

Duk da haka, don wannan rana, da wannan yankin yake daya daga cikin mafi "m" a duniya. Matsalar ba kawai sun kasa warware, amma har muhimmanci aggravated lokaci zuwa lokaci.