Itacen itace kaza: bayanin, aikace-aikacen, sake dubawa, kaddarorin masu amfani, alamomi

Wannan itace mai ban mamaki ya zo daga tsaunuka na kudancin Amirka. Bayan lokaci, an kawo shi zuwa wasu sassa na duniya. Cinchona yana girma a cikin wurare. Akwai fassarar cewa an shuka wannan sunan don girmama matar mataimakin dan kasar Peru, Countess of Chinchón, bayan ta warkewarta don zazzaɓi (watakila malaria) tare da cinchona a 1638.

A yanayin yanayi, cinchona ya fi son gandun daji. Yana buƙatar matsanancin zafi da ƙasa mai ƙasƙantar da hankali.

A bit of history

Kwanan nan kwanan nan, daya daga cikin cututtuka da suka kamu da cutar a duniya shine cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ya yi dubban rayuka a kowace shekara. A cikin kasashen da ke da ruwan sanyi da dumi, ya kasance da yawa. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, magungunan gargajiya sun yi imani da cewa dalilin wannan mummunan mummunan cutar yana cikin tsabtatawar iska mai tasowa daga marshes. Saboda haka sunansa (malare - "iska mara kyau").

Ba ta wuce kan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da Amurka ba. Amma mutanen gida sun koyi yin maganin wannan mummunar cuta. Sun yi maganin daga hawan itace mai zafi. Ya kamata a lura cewa 'yan asalin sun yi godiya ga wannan matsala, wadda za a iya yin hukunci ta sunan - an kira shi "kina-kina", wanda a cikin fassarar ma'anar "ɓawon nama".

Lokacin da mutanen Yammacin Turai suka ji daɗin Amurka, sun fahimci cewa akwai maganin cutar malaria. Amma da mazauni sun kasance a wani sauri ya bayyana asirin "zumunta-zumunta", suka kiyaye asirin daga bare itacen (cinchona). Ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa don magance magungunan antimalarial.

Ana fitar da maganin cutar malaria a Turai

A farkon karni na arni na 17 a cikin mulkin mallaka na Peru, Luis Qinghong ya ci gaba da matsayin mataimakin sarki. Ya yi mafi kyau don taimakawa kasashen Turai su gano asirin maganin miyagun kwayoyi. A shekarar 1638, matarsa Anna Tsinghon (Chinchon) ta kamu da ciwon zazzaɓi (kamar yadda ake kira malaria a lokacin). Kuma wata mu'ujiza ta faru: an yi warkewa ta hanyar haushi da wani itace marar sani.

Bayan dan lokaci, Luis Qinghong ya yi rashin lafiya. Haka kuma cutar ta sa shi ya zo Spain a 1641. Tare da shi, ya gabatar da wani nau'i mai ma'ana na "kina-kina". Amma a wannan lokacin likitoci na Turai bazai iya yin amfani da magungunan magani ba. Mockery: Tsinghon shine na farko da ya kawo wa Turai magani mai mahimmanci don malaria, wanda shi kansa kansa ya mutu.

Bayan wannan, 'yan Turai sun yi nasara a hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma mafi yawan lokuta marasa adalci, hanyoyi na cirewa daga magungunan magani da kuma kawo su a nahiyar. A ƙarshe, magani ya bayyana a Turai. Marigayi Talbor (Birtaniya) ya yi nasara sosai wajen magance cutar malaria. Ya warkar da marasa lafiya da yawa daga wannan cuta. Daga cikin marasa lafiya masu jinƙai shi ne Sarkin Louis XIV na Faransa.

Kamar yadda ya bayyana, fasaha na kayan dafa abinci shine, kamar dukkan abin da yake da kyau, abin mamaki. A haushi ya zama ƙasa a cikin mai kyau foda da kuma zuba tare da giya. A sakamakon haka, sun sami tincture mai zafi. Daga sunan 'yan ƙasa an kira shi "Hina". Itacen da suka karbi wannan haushi, bisa ga hakan, ya zama abin ƙyama. A farkon karni na XIX, sanannen masanin kimiyya na Rasha FI Gize ya gano cewa an haɗa shi da magunguna na alkaloid da ke ciki. An kira shi quinine.

Yammacin Turai sun fuskanci matsaloli mai yawa, suna kokarin gano itatuwan cinchona (magani) a cikin daji. Duk da haka, duk da rashin goyon baya na 'yan kasar don taimaka musu, asirinsa ba shi da kyau. Kamar yadda ya bayyana, cteral cortex yana da nau'o'in jinsunan itatuwa na iyalin madder (Rubiaceae). Sun kasance da juna ɗaya, kuma Karl Linnaeus mai girma ya ba shi suna cinchona. Mafi yawancin da aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin samfurin magani shi ne bishiya na cinchona mai launin ja. Cire daga wannan shuka yana shahararrun kwanakinmu. An yi amfani dashi a cikin gargajiya da kuma magani na jama'a. Amma zamu magana game da wannan kadan daga baya.

Cinchona: bayanin

Shi ne wani Evergreen itace na a gidan Rubiaceae. Yana da madaidaiciya, ɓacin dutse, wanda tsawo ya isa mita ashirin. A cikin yanayin yanayi, wannan itace mai iko mai girma tare da kambi na duniya. Awanin daga cikin akwati yana kimanin mita. Gidan yana rufe gashin launin ruwan kasa mai launin launin fata, yayin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna da jan mai.

Bar

Gwargwadon ƙwayar nama, tsalle-tsalle, da kuma wani lokacin kusan zagaye, ganye suna zuwa kusan hamsin hamsin. Ana fentin su a cikin launi mai haske, yawanci mai haske, fata, veincent. Petioles har zuwa biyar santimita tsawo. Matasan da suka juya daga kodan suna fentin launin launi mai haske, saboda haka itace (cinchona) yana bayyane a cikin gandun daji. Wataƙila wannan alama, tare da sautin murya na ƙananan rassan, ya rinjayi nau'in jinsuna ta shuka.

Flowers

Cinchona, hoto wanda kake gani a cikin labarinmu, yana da fure-fure masu kyau waɗanda aka tattara a cikin ƙararrawa. Suna haifar da matsananciyar haɗari, ƙananan inflorescences. Kowace fure yana da tsaka-tsalle mai tsaka-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle biyar, wanda ya kasance a cikin 'ya'yan itace. Corolla m, pubescent, tare da dogon tube da biyar lobes. Yana da alamomi biyar. Pestle shi ne ƙuƙwalwa a cikin ɓangaren ƙananan, tare da gurguwar launi da jerin rubutun. Stamens na iya zama daban-daban tsayin. A takaice, wannan abu ne ake kira heterostylism. Wannan ya bayyana ta hanyar daidaitawa na shuka don tasiri mai kyau.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

Su ne akwatin zina biyu mai zurfi har tsawon sati uku na tsawo, wanda ya nuna a ƙare biyu, launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa da launi. A cikin kowace gida yana tsiro har zuwa tsaba ashirin da biyar. Tsarin yana raye da launi, launin ruwan launi mai launin launi, kewaye da fuka-fure-fure-fure-fure.

Tsarewar bishiya

Mun riga mun fada cewa ƙasar nan ta asalin wannan shuka ita ce yanayi na kudancin Amirka. Lokacin da mutane suka yi la'akari da itacen cinchona (dukiyoyi a musamman), mummunar lalata wannan nau'in ya fara. Irin wannan hanya barbarous an girbe kayan albarkatu.

Ba kamar 'yan asalin ba, waɗanda suka yi hankali game da tsire-tsire masu tsami,' yan Turai sun buɗe magunguna sosai don haka itace (kaza) yana kan ƙasarta ta hallaka. An yanke bishiyoyi ba tare da jin tsoro ba, sun yada haushi daga gare su. Abin farin ciki, a wancan lokacin akwai mutane masu hankali wadanda suka fara noma itacen cinchona a kan gonar. Duk da haka, akwai tarihin isa, zamu wuce zuwa wasu tambayoyi masu amfani.

Cinchona: aikace-aikace

Babban abu mai mahimmanci ga kayan samar da magunguna shi ne haushi. Ya ƙunshi kashi 18 cikin dari na alkaloids, daga cikinsu:

• Quinidine;
• Kayan aiki;
• Cinchonidine;
• Cinchonine da sauransu.

Babban alkaloid shi ne quinine, itacen ƙwayar kirfa ya ƙunshi kashi 7.5% na wannan abu. Yana da tasiri na musamman game da cututtukan malaria - yana rinjayar cutar su, wadda take cikin jinin mai lafiya. Daban-daban kwayoyi daga haushi daga itacen cinchona (mafi mahimmanci - mafita na salin quinine don injections) sun canza yakin da cutar ta cutar - malaria.

Doctors na Birtaniya sun tilasta sojoji da suka yi aiki a Indiya da wasu yankuna inda cutar zazzabin cizon sauro take cike da su, shayar da ruwa (quinine), wanda, kamar dukkan shirye-shirye daga cinchona, yana da dandano mai ban sha'awa. Ga sojoji ba su daina daukar nauyin abin da ba shi da kyau ba, amma dole ne a kara masa gin. Wannan shi ne yadda al'adar da aka samo asali a Yamma ya bayyana sannan sai ya fara tushe: kafin cin abincin dare, shan shayarwa da gin da tonic.

Yi amfani da maganin gargajiya

Quinine da duk abin sha wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare yana tasiri ga tsarin kwayar halittu kamar yadda yake cike (kamar haushi na al'ada, suna inganta ci abinci, suna daidaita mugunta na fili na gastrointestinal). A kasarmu, quinine na asali daga kasashen waje, aka gyara a matsayin mafita (bakararre) -dihydrochloride, ana amfani dashi don maganin marasa lafiya da cutar malaria. Ana cigaba da sayarwa a ampoules don injections.

Na biyu alkaloid - quinidine - sun sami aikace-aikace a magani. Yana da wani tsinkayyar quinine, wadda take cikin haushi a cikin adadi mai yawa. A kasarmu, an yarda da amfani da quinidine sulfate foda. Ana bada shawara ga liyafar a wani arrhythmia, an extrasystole, tachycardia. Hanyar itacen itacen cinchona yana inganta narkewa, ya haifar da antipyretic, astringent, antimicrobial mataki. An ba da umurni idan babu ci, asthenia, narkewa, shan barasa, catarrh respiratory babba, malaria, mura.

An yi amfani da man fetur na waje don bi da litsores wanda ba ya warkar da raunuka na dogon lokaci, tun lokacin da ya furta kaddarorin astringent.

Contraindications:

• Ƙara yawan hankali ga mutum zuwa quinine da quinidine;
• Hawan ciki.

Ba'a bada shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyi ba bisa ga cinchona tare da wadanda suka hada gwiwa, yayin da yake ƙarfafa tasirin su a jiki.

Yi amfani da maganin gargajiya

Ana amfani da hakar quinone a matsayin antipyretic. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana mai da hankali kan cututtuka (mura, alal misali). Na gaba, la'akari da girke-girke mafiya sanannun don shirya magani.

Rashin girke-rubuce: kaji shayi

Kuna buƙatar teaspoon na busassun kayan abinci, wanda za'a zubar da lita 250 na ruwan zãfi, kuma nace na minti goma. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a tsaftace abun ciki. An yi amfani da tea na minti 40 da minti 30 kafin abinci. Irin wannan magani zai kara ci abinci, daidaita tsarin tsarin narkewa.

Tare da malaria, likitoci na gargajiya sun bayar da shawarar yin kwatsam a fitowar rana (wanda ke aiki - ɗaya fakiti na foda) har tsawon kwanaki biyar. Sa'an nan kuma wajibi ne a yi hutu don kwana biyu, sannan ci gaba da tafiya har kwana biyu. Bayan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kana buƙatar fada barci. Wannan shi ne yanayin da ya dace. Jiyya yana kwana goma.

A asalin homeopathy

Ya kamata a ce cewa hawan itacen cinchona, kamar yadda masana da yawa suka bayar, ya ba da karfi ga bunkasa homeopathy. A farkon amfani da wannan shuka, Dokta Hahnemann (Jamus) ya ce magani, wanda aka dauka a kananan ƙwayoyin, ya haifar da alamun cutar da aka warkar a cikin manyan asurai. Don haka akwai wata manufa wadda aka kafa ta homeopathy - "kamar maganin kamar".

Waraka warkar

Cire Cinchona shine tushen mahimmanci na quinine. Wannan abu yana da kyau nazarin. An san shi don maganin antiseptic, astringent da tonic. An yi amfani da Quinine a cikin maganin zazzabi da malaria a kasashe masu zafi. Yin amfani da yawa a cikin rashin lafiya zai iya haifar da tashin zuciya da ciwon kai.

Yi amfani dashi a cikin Injin

Cinchona wani tsire-tsire ne wanda ya samo aikace-aikace mai ban sha'awa a homeopathy. An yi amfani dashi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan (D1 da D1) tare da lalacewar gaba daya ta hanyar rashin lafiya mai tsanani kuma mai tsanani, rashin rabuwa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A cikin irin wadannan kwayoyin, kwatsam yana aiki ne a matsayin mai daraja mai daraja. Ana amfani dasu mafi girma (D4 - D6) don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da ciwon kai na matsananciyar zuciya, tsohuwar tari da kuma mashako, ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, cututtuka gastrointestinal, don matsaloli tare da bile excretory system, gout.

Ƙarin kari

Nutramedix yana amfani da fasaha na musamman don inganta abun da ke ciki da kuma hakar na cinchona. Wannan yana tabbatar da samar da cikakken samfurin bita tare da mafi yawan fasaha.

Shawarwari don amfani

Shake da kyau kafin amfani. Ƙara zuwa milliliters hudu daga ruwa daga sau ɗaya zuwa talatin na cirewa, jira na minti daya kafin amfani. Fara samun magani ya zama sau ɗaya sau ɗaya a rana kafin abinci (minti 30), ya kamata a kara yawan sakon yau da kullum, ya kawo shi sau talatin (ko bisa ga wanda aka rubuta).

NUTRA MEDIX ya samo asali. Farashin kwalban (30 ml) shine 2760 rubles.

Yi amfani da shi a cikin kwakwalwa

Kuma a cikin samfurori wannan itace mai ban mamaki (kaza) ya samo aikace-aikacen. Shirye-shirye dangane da haushi suna amfani da shi wajen yin samfurori da inganta yanayin ci gaba da gashin gashi. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da tsinkar kaza don wannan dalili. Ya na da kayan anti-seborrheic, sabili da haka ya yi yaƙi da dandruff. An gabatar da shi a cikin abun da ke ciki na maganin warkewa da shampoos da dandruff. Irin wannan shampoos na kafa metabolism, mayar da gashi, sa su haske da kuma rai. Maganin ƙwayar giya yana tasiri tasirin abubuwa masu gina jiki ta jikin kwayoyin fata, yadda ya kamata ya bunkasa girma.

Balsams da shampoos dauke da quinine su ne tushen makamashi don raunana da gaji strands. Magunguna suna kula da su sosai a hankali, taimaka wa dandruff, da kuma sauƙaƙe hadawa. A matsayin misali, zaka iya kawo shamfu da balm Klorane, waɗanda suke samuwa a cikin kwalabe na 100 da 200 ml (farashin 287 da 512 rubles).

Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da quinine a wasu kayan ado na lantarki, saboda yana da tsaftace jiki wanda ke kare fata daga sakamakon lalatawar hasken rana.

A ƙarshe, ina so in ce cewa itacen cinchona yana da tasiri mai karfi, amma dole ne mu manta cewa wannan guba ne na halitta, sabili da haka rashin kiyaye umarnin, magani na musamman an haramta. Jiyya, maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata a kayyade shi kawai ta likitan likitanci.