Styles da wallafe-wallafen harshen. Styles na zamani Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen

Sadarwa a tsakanin mutane ne da za'ayi ta hanyar harshe. Shi ne mai Hanyar magana da samuwar ji da kuma tunani. Harshe shi ne a wajen koyon sabon bayanai da ilmi, wani da makami na tasiri tasiri a kan hankula da kuma hankali. Don aiwatar da wadannan ayyuka ta hanyar 'yan qasar jawabai dole ne m, a gare su. Mutumin, a cikin wasu kalmomi, dole ne a raya magana al'adu. A matsayin hanyar bayyana tunani da kuma juyayinsu na iya zama saƙon murya ko buga rubutu. Styles misali harshe na iya magana da juna. Saboda haka, a wasu bugu na da kayayyakin aiki, za a iya amfani da daban-daban nau'o'i. Next, bincika wanda style of wallafe-wallafen harshen, akwai kuma abin da suke bukata.

terminology

The kalmar "style" yana Greek asalinsu. A waɗannan kwanaki, mun rubuta a voschanoy Allunan tare da allura - stylet. Salo ne mai ayyana sashe ƙamus. A cikin ta tsarin ne da za'ayi don nazarin fasali na aikace-aikace na hanyar magana da tunani da kuma juyayinsu, dangane da halin da ake ciki, manufofin da abun ciki na kalamai, yanayi da kuma ikon yinsa sadarwa. Sashen bincika styles kai tsaye wallafe-wallafen harshen, su saba da su, a kowane rukuni. A horo da karatunsa da kungiyar ta dace, ma'ana, ma'ana da kuma daidai magana. Darasi "style of wallafe-wallafen harshen a makaranta" koyar da kuxi da m aikace-aikace na dokoki da kuma lexical albarkatu.

kwatance

Rabe-raben harsuna Stylistics karatu da harshen da kuma jawabin. A farko shugabanci ya gabatar da tsarin da harshe. Mun kuma yi nazarin harshen, nahawu, kuma phraseological kayan aikin. Na biyu shugabanci ne da farko ta binciko daban-daban iri magana, kazalika da dogararsu ga daban-daban kalamai dalilai. The style ne m ya kamata suna da hali na wani consistently aikin. Tare da ya kamata a bayyana daban-daban jawabin sadarwa iri daban-daban domin manufar, batun mũnãna addressee, yanayin sadarwar, marubucin rabo kai tsaye ga batun.

asali Concepts

A mafi muhimmanci Categories da horo wajibi ne don gudanar styles na adabi harshe. Suna amfani da daban-daban duniyoyin da jama'a rayuwa. Style - wani irin wallafe-wallafen harshen, bayan da ta aikewa da tunani da kuma juyayinsu a kan aiwatar da sadarwa. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne halin ba wai kawai ta sa na musamman da kayayyakin aiki, amma kuma wani musamman hade duka. Akwai daban-daban aikin styles na zamani da wallafe-wallafen harshen. A total akwai biyar. More "rufe" An dauke hukuma kasuwanci style of harshe. The fi na kowa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da aka faɗa. Akwai kuma wani kimiyya style of wallafe-wallafen harshen. A nasa ne da rubuce-rubuce-littafin-type magana. A musamman wuri ne shagaltar da ma'adanin style of wallafe-wallafen harshen. Wannan shi ne saboda wani iri-iri na kayayyakin amfani don ƙirƙirar images ga tasiri a kan gabobinmu da hankali masu karatu. Isar da shi ne yadu gani a matsayin manufar kimiyya style. Yana hadawa daban-daban a cikin irin iri wallafe, iri-iri ciki da kuma manufa. Aikin jaridar style of wallafe-wallafen harshen an dauki sadarwa littafin wajen isar bayanai. Next, dubi kowane daga cikin wadannan a more daki-daki.

The baka form

Duk da rarrabe siffofin za a iya dangana gaba ɗaya ga magana style. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayi ba za a gauraye da definition of "magana maganar." A karshen da aka dauke su a mafi kowa sabon abu. Conversational style aka gane yafi a cikin magana da harshen. Duk da haka, shi yana iya zama ba, da kuma wasu nau'o'i. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, ya kamata sun hada da wani rahoto, laccoci, rahotanni da sauransu.

key siffofin

Conversational style bambanta sauƙi na lãbãri, ya expressiveness, concreteness. Marubucin ya bayyana a kayadadden hali zuwa fassarawa. Domin conversational style ne halin da tasiri kai tsaye daga daban-daban karin-rabe-abubuwa.

lexical kungiyar

Su ne akwai kawai biyu. Na farko shi ne magana kowa kalmomi. Su, bi da bi, ya samar da wata sub-kungiya da kuma category. Saboda haka, ware yau da kullum salon magana da wallafe-wallafen harshen. A farko m vernacular. Wannan aji kunshi biyu Categories. Na farko shi ne vernacular, located a kan iyakar da wallafe-wallafen amfani. Shi ne inherently da fasali mai m, m, wasu saba. Alal misali, sau da yawa ce maimakon fries - dankali maimakon Guilty - yin zamewa da sauransu. Sinfi na biyu shi ne wani hushi, ba-wallafe-wallafen harshen. Alal misali, maimakon neman - ya fitar da sama, maimakon tafiya a kusa da - yawo, yin ɗimuwa. Wannan category kuma za a iya dangana, da kuma maras ɗa'a, kuma m harshe. Alal misali, a flunky, croak, okolet da sauransu. Irin wannan abubuwa suna yawanci amfani, a cikin mummunan image rayuwa mamaki. Na biyu subgroup hada da irin wannan nau'i-nau'i a matsayin kwarewa (sunayen jinsin dabbobi, misali, Brown Bear - Ovsyanik, ungulu muravyatnik da sauransu), dialectisms (. Tattaka - tattaka gina jiki - Vecchio, da dai sauransu), irin harshe na dabam kalmomi (yanayi - a fili iska yardar - Plaisir da dai sauransu), ƙamus argoticheskih (matasa -. salaga yaudari - farfasa, da dai sauransu.) ... Popular mai yawan irin harshe na dabam kalmomi bayyana a cikin jawabin daga hukuncin aji ko da a gaban juyin juya halin. Wasu daga cikin su an kiyaye daga lumpen abubuwa. Jargon lexicon yana da alaka da al'umma na wasu shekaru da al'ummomi. Alal misali, matasa m kalmomi kamar "biyu" (deuce), "gadon jariri" da sauransu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ya bayyana matakin daban-daban yaduwa kunkuntar yanki.

Common kalmomi

Wannan shi ne babban tafki na conversational style. Yana hada biyu Categories kalmomi. Wannan, musamman, da vernacular, da kuma, a gaskiya, na faɗa. Wadannan Categories ne kusa isa ga juna - wanzu tsakanin line sosai m, unsteady kuma sau da yawa da dabara. An nuna wannan ta wurin daban-daban alamomi a daban-daban kamus. Saboda haka, misali, kalmomi kamar "da gaske," "squatting" a cikin Bayani kamus na Ushakov edition suna magana, kuma a cikin littafin na zamani da wallafe-wallafen Rasha harshen - ga vernacular. Wasu abubuwa an albarkace su da biyu mark. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa babban yawan yaruka gama gari tsakanin motsa a cikin category na salon magana kalmomi.

Features da ginin kalma

A wani conversational style aka mamaye kalmomi tare da haushi-ma'ana fasali. Suna iya zama m, raina, gajeren, m, m da sauransu. Kamar yadda na ginin kalma, to, shi ne halin da incompleteness, tsallake, babban adadin bai cika sentences, da yawa maimaitawar. Used toshe zane, exclamations, tambayoyi, ciki har da rhetorical, kamar yadda takaita ko dai wani nau'i na tunanin kalamai. Har ila yau, amfani da inversion ga sassa daban daban na jawabin. Wannan Gaskiya ne, don manufofi a cikin rawar ma'anar a cikin suna magana.

A tsabta da sahihancin gabatarwa

Styles na zamani Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen amfani ne bambance bambancen cikin dũkiyõyinsu. Wasu daga cikin siffofin na daya nau'i na gabatar za a iya samu a wasu sauransu. Duk da haka, ba duk styles da wallafe-wallafen harshen hul] a da juna. Wasu kafofin watsa labarai canja wurin ba su shafi da daya ko wasu category. Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, hukuma-kasuwanci style ne dauke da mafi rufaffiyar na duka. Yana hadawa dukan takardun. Wannan kasuwanci rubutu, da kuma na aikin gwamnati ayyukan. A kafofin za a iya samu wasu bambance-bambance a harshe. Sun dogara ne a kan manufar da takardun kansu. Duk da haka, duk da kasancewarsu, wannan salon ne halin da dama musamman fasali a general. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, ya kamata hada da daidaito, tsabta, ya zama wajibi, objectivity da cikawa na da kalamai, bayani dalla-dalla da kuma tsabta daga cikin wording. Duk wadannan kaddarorin ne saboda da babban manufar da takardun - don tabbatar da bayar da bayanai, a kan undisputed facts. Domin hukuma style ne ma halin da brevity da kuma daidaito na gabatar, kazalika da takamaiman siffofin, bisa ga abin da abu ne located.

Heterogeneity takardun

Ba tare da wani takamaiman misali fom daya takarda rasa su doka darajar. Wannan kungiyar iya, misali, hada da fasfo. Sauran buga azaman samfuri. Irin takardun hada da, misali, letterheads. Amma wasu ba su da misali na resistant siffofin. Wannan kungiyar hada da rahotanni, kasuwanci rubutu, rahotanni, kuma mafi.

Gabatar da shirin siffofin

A lexical matakin, musamman, gabatar na musamman kalmomi kuma phraseology, wanda ba su da sauran styles da wallafe-wallafen harshen. Wadannan sun hada da wadannan: live, wani mutum (mutum), bayar (ba), maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na (rai) da sauransu. Har ila yau, domin uncharacteristic wani tunanin canza launi takardun. Su ba su da abubuwa, waxanda suke da arziki a cikin sauran styles da wallafe-wallafen harshen. Alal misali, ba saduwa da vernacular kalmomi. A wannan salo tartsatsi locales. Su sukan yi amfani da denominative prepositions: a kudi na, domin, a cikin filin, daga gefen da kuma sauran tare da fi'ili sunaye. Aiwatar stencils, da kuma sauran baki ba, shi ne ya dace a wasu irin salon. Domin wannan salo, kuma halin da yin amfani da "high" ƙamus, da kuma alama abubuwa maimakon a zahiri hankali. Alal misali, da ikon yanzu, da kuma sauran hagu. Su ba da jawabin da muhimmancin da solemnity. A lambar kasa da kasa da manufa takardun amfani da karin ƙamus. Alal misali, irin wannan m roko: Madam, Sir, Su Highnesses da sauransu.

Na biyu, game da rufaffiyar Genre gabatarwa

A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da kimiyya style. Yana hada articles a cikin tsallaka mayar da hankali mujallolin, monographs, reference kuma encyclopedic, samar da fasaha ilimi wallafe, abstracts, Sidewiki da sauran. Babban fasali na kimiyya style kamata farko kawo dabaru, da m generality, daidaito da kuma objectivity. The gabatar da bayanai da aka ba a yi nufin a wannan yanayin to azanci ji na mai amfani. Duk da haka, da wani tunanin abubuwa za a iya amfani da kimiyya style. Su bunkasa yiwuwa da sanarwa a litattafan, kamar yadda a stark bambanta da bushe yanayin da labari.

A kimiyya style of Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen: general halaye da kuma manufofin

Wannan Genre halin da jikewa na da ainihin abu, conciseness da kuma daidaito na gabatar. Kamar yadda da abinda ke ciki ne da bayanin irin mamaki na gaskiya, su yi karatu, kuma fassararsa. A kimiyya style of wallafe-wallafen harshen amfani da hujjojin wasu shiriritar da kuma yanayi na shaida. Wannan daukan hotuna na faruwa Genre daban-daban da bincike matsaloli. A dangane da wannan rubutun ga mafi part ƙunshi layi na tattaunawa da shaida.

Sadarwa littafin Genre

Yana da game da aikin jaridar style. Wannan salo ne sosai iri-irin. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa da cewa suna da sauran styles na zamani Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen. Daga cikin babban fasali na Genre shi ne ya kamata a lura da daidaito, faktografichnost, musamman, m jikewa da tutu gabatar, conciseness kuma expressiveness, emotionality.

Babban ayyuka na sadarwa Genre

Aikin jaridar style caters ga akida da siyasa duniyoyin. Salo da nufin sauri, daidai, kuma yana samuwa don sanar da mutane game da muhimmanci events cewa sun faru a kasashen waje da kuma a cikin kasar, da wani tasiri a kan mai karatu da kuma kira shi da wani musamman munasaba da wakilci. A wasu kalmomin, aikin jarida ne a wajen taro farfaganda da kuma bayanai. Faktografichnost, ma'ana, kuma m aiki na Genre taimakawa ga tartsatsi amfani da da bada shawarwari, bayar da rahoton wani abu (al'amari ko taron). Causative, expressiveness, emotionality hanyar aikace-aikace na syntactic da lexical phraseology wajen. Samuwa da wannan salo a kan talabijin, a buga, rediyo, da siyasa, da jawabai. Newspaper-jarida style of rubutu daban-daban counterpoint. Wasu daga cikin su ne m nau'i na salo. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, hada da wani bayyani, review, rahoto. Wasu iya iyakar a m labari. Alal misali, a lampoon, ƙasida muqala. Wasu mallaka siffofin na aikin kasuwanci wallafe-wallafe. Wannan nau'i na gabatar ne halayyar da Editorial.

Babban ka'idodinta sadarwa gabatarwa

Ga wani salo halin da yin amfani da zamantakewa da kima na harshe wajen. A wata jarida publicism aiwatar da kwayoyin hadaddun dimbin yawa da kuma ma'ana fara generality na shaida da tattaunawa dimbin yawa bayani dalla-dalla. A wannan batun, jaridar za a iya gani hade da informativeness, m tausaya da dabaru, kimantawa. Yana kuma nuna hadin kan da dama daga contrasting trends. Wannan, musamman, da fuskantarwa a kan jawabin standardization da kuma aikace-aikace kushin a hannu daya, da kuma dawo da labari, da so ga magana daga cikin sauran.

syntactic matakin

Aikin jaridar style halin da sauki zane, oda siffofin labari, quite m inversion na abubuwa da tsari, wanda aiki a matsayin ma'ana cibiyar na phrases. Ta kuma shafi na poetic kira na sinadaran: epiphora, anaphora, rhetorical tambayoyi da kuma more. Wannan shi ne musamman a fili gani a agitation da kuma farfaganda wallafe. The aikin jaridar style amfani da abubuwa na magana cakude. Isasshen aka dauke musamman a siffar Editorial. Wannan labari ne ba abu ne mai muhimmanci a akida da siyasa hankali, amma kuma babban matsaloli tare da kasa da kasa da kuma na kasa da muhimmanci. Shi ne bambance bambancen da wata muqala. Wannan salo yana dauke su da iyaka tsakanin m da kuma sadarwa wallafe-wallafe. A wata muqala gaban ji quite kula authorial "I", wani karamin littafi, lampoon, wadda ake bisa wani satirical hali zuwa gaskiya da kuma kai tsaye kima na korau abubuwan. Wannan bayyana amfani da wani tunanin da ma'ana wajen. A Genre yana amfani da daban-daban abubuwa da suke da daban-daban styles na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen. Idan muka faye hali a matsayin dukan, za mu iya ce cewa daban-daban bugu na so, da yin amfani da aka gyara tare da na ginin jumla ma'anar, ma'ana-modal sassa haduwa littafin da magana. Wannan, bi da bi, take kaiwa zuwa wani bambancin da stylistic looseness nufin na magana.

M style: wani janar Siffar

Wannan ra'ayi ne mai shubuha. A can ne wani hadadden style da kuma harshen na marubuci. By da karshen ne da za a gane da waɗanda ilimin harsuna raka'a, wanda aka cika da rubutu. Styles da wallafe-wallafen harshen amfani da marubucin a cikin shiri na labari, da damar su gani da tunani a cikin siffofin daban-daban. Daga cikin siffofin na Genre kamata haskaka da hadin kai na ado da kuma sadarwa ayyuka. Wannan shi ne saboda da dual aiki da ya yi aikin almarar. A musamman, yana nufin ba kawai ya riwaito, amma kuma sanya wani tasiri a kan mai karatu. Har ila yau, yana nufin da halaye na Genre bambancin da kudi. Za a iya amfani da abubuwa da suke da sauran styles na zamani da wallafe-wallafen harshen. en da sauran na gani wajen magana da kuma amfani da yadu a nan. Bugu da kari, shi ne ba da kuma siffar marubucin. A labarin nuna mutuntakarsa, da Outlook, fahimta, na ado da kuma akida views.

Rarrabe fasali na gabatar

Rhythmic magana peculiar hasashe, shubuha ta kalmomi, na ginin jumla iya aiki, emotionality. Salo amfani da dabaru da kuma kayan aikin ne batun watsuwar wasu akida ganewa na aiki. Su, bi da bi, aka ƙaddara da desirability da yiwuwa na abubuwa amfani da marubucin. A bincike na gabatar, ya kamata a bayyana fasali na fi'ili siffofin bayyana akida ciki. An fito da salo an dauke su more bambancin da yawa fiye da wasu sauran styles na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen. Shi ne ba kawai wani sa na dabaru da kuma shi ne mafi muhimmanci dũkiyar alama poetic tunani. Daga cikin dukkan abubuwa, waxanda suke da babban styles na adabi harshe, marubucin ya ance wadanda cewa shi yana bukatar ya bayyana zaba theme.

A hasashe na Genre

An kafa a cikin Genre ba kawai ta yin amfani da alama da ma'anonin kalmomin da takamaiman lexical da syntactic hanyoyin. An muhimmiyar rawa iya mallakar stylistically tsaka tsaki wajen. The poetic ikon hasashe kuma sau da yawa a cikin na musamman phrases da ganga key sassa. Su ne sauki abubuwa zama mai girma da iko. Kamar yadda wani misali iya bauta daban-daban ayyukan Chekhov Pushkina. A da ya fi na kowa kalmomi samar da wata karfi image. More ma'ana da kuma iya samun nahawu siffofin da syntactic dabaru. Don samar da hasashe da aka yi amfani da, ta haka ne da nau'o'i biyu na wajen. Wannan shi ne da farko hanyoyin da harshen da kanta. Wadannan sun hada da mutane da kuma hanyoyi na magana, na ginin jumla da kuma lexical poeticisms. Abu na biyu, waɗannan su ne abubuwa da suke dauke kullum tsaka tsaki a cikin harshen, amma a cikin labari tsari, su ne siffa. Mutum style of gabatar da aka kullum ayyana ta da lexical abun da ke ciki da kuma batun kwayoyin halitta.