Higher tungsten oxide

Tungsten oxide da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi tsaurin a cikin aji na inorganic abubuwa. Domin ba da halaye na karfe, don nazarin ingancin na karfe kanta.

tungsten Features

Don gane da m muhimmancin tungsten oxide, lura cewa da karfe kanta yana da wani lantarki juriya, coefficient na mikakke fadada, high narkewa batu.

A m tungsten high ductility. Da karfe narkar da a cikin acid ne kawai a lokacin da tsanani da zuwa da zazzabi ^na 5000 C. Yana reacts tare da carbon, kafa a matsayin dauki samfurin da tungsten carbide. A resultant fili yana high ƙarfi.

Mafi na kowa tungsten oxide - tungsten trioxide. Babban amfani ne da ikon da wani fili don mayar da foda karfe kafa kamar yadda ta-kayayyakin na ƙananan oxides.

Metal yana da wani high yawa, friability da kuma ikon a low yanayin zafi ta samar da tungsten oxide.

tungsten gami

Masana kimiyya sun ware guda-lokaci irin gami, wanda aka hada da daya ko fiye abubuwa. A mafi kyau a san fili na tungsten da molybdenum. Gami Alloying kashi molybdenum tungsten qara tensile ƙarfi.

Single-lokaci gami suna dauke su mahadi: tungsten - zirconium, tungsten -gafny, tungsten - niobium. Matsakaicin ductility tungsten rhenium a haɗe. Ƙara shi ba zai tasiri a yi na mai tsaurin karfe.

Shiri na karfe

Al'ada Hanyar ba zai iya karba da tungsten tsaurin gami: kai da narkewa batu karfe nan take da ke shiga a gaseous form. Babban burin shi ne shiri na m karfe electrolysis. A wani masana'antu sikelin to samu tungsten gami foda metallurgy amfani. Don yin wannan, ƙirƙirar musamman aiki yanayi ta amfani da injin.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin

Tungsten oxide, WO ₃ wanda dabara ake cewa da mafi fili. Ya ba faruwa a yanayi a cikin tsarki tsari, amma shi ne wani ɓangare na tungsten ores. A tsari na hakar kuma aiki na tsaurin karfe shafi dama, saukarwa.

Higher oxide da tungsten da aka gano daga cikin tama taro. Bugu da ari enrichment na fili ne da za'ayi, da kuma bayan lura da ya zama ruwan dare m karfe.

A cikin masana'antu tsari na bakin ciki tungsten waya kallon domin gaba daya cire impurities. In ba haka ba, da fasaha halaye na ƙãre samfurin za a rage muhimmanci.

Areas na yin amfani da tungsten

Yadda za a mai da tungsten oxide? Hydrogen, wanda interacts tare da fili, na taimaka don samun m karfe. Yana ake bukata a cikin yi da filament strands, samar da X-ray shambura, allo heaters da kuma injin Tanderu wanda prednaznachngy don amfani a high yanayin zafi.

Karfe, cikinsa da alloying kashi ne tungsten, halin high ƙarfi Properties. Products sanya irin wannan gami da ake amfani a yi na likita kayayyakin aiki, yankan abun da ake sakawa a gare hakowa rijiyoyin. Babban amfani da fili an dauki resistant zuwa inji nakasawa.

Yiwuwar aukuwa a cikin aiki na ƙãre samfurin fasa da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ne quite low. Mafi mashahuri iri na karfe, da wanda tungsten da aka hada da, an dauke su lashe.

Daga wannan rare karfe ya da samar high quality catalysts, daban-daban Paints, musamman pigments kuma m. N. A zamani nukiliya masana'antu ne yadu amfani da tungsten crucibles da kwantena ga radioactive dashi.

bijirewarsu karfe taka muhimmiyar rawa a baka waldi. Tun da tungsten a m nau'i ne dauke da wani m karfe, don shirye-shiryen hanya ne da za'ayi enrichment da kuma sake amfani da tungsten tama. A m nau'i yana da wani haske launin toka launi da halayyar ƙarfe luster. Standard tungsten gami, kira a matsayin stellite, kuma sun dauki cobalt da chromium. Babban bangaren a cikin irin wannan mahadi hidima cobalt. Gami ne a bukatar a inji aikin injiniya.

tungsten oxides

Abin yana da musamman tungsten oxide (6), da dabara na wanda yana da nau'i na WO _3? Metal iya nuna daban-daban hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihohi: matsakaicin kwanciyar hankali ne bambance-bambancen karatu da valence karfe (4) da kuma (6). WO farko dangane da irin ₂ da dangantaka da acidic oxides kuma yana da wadannan halaye: high narkewa batu da kuma musamman yawa. Wannan sunadarai fili ne kusan insoluble a ruwa amma idan mai tsanani da za a iya narkar da a acid da kuma alkalis. A sinadaran masana'antu da shi da ake amfani da matsayin mai kara kuzari a wasu halayen. Alal misali, wo fili ₂ amfani a yi na yumbu kayayyakin.

Tungsten oxide da ciwon valence na (6) kuma farfado da halayyar acidic Properties. Wannan fili an mayar da martani tare da alkalis, amma ba su iya rushe a ruwa. Ganin cewa high narkewa batu fili, shi ne amfani da kawai a matsayin totur sunadarai matakai.

ƙarshe

A cikin shakka daga inorganic sunadarai mayar da hankali a kan binciken na oxides, da bincike na dũkiyõyinsu, da halaye primeneniyav masana'antu. Alal misali, a karshe jarrabawa tara graders aiki tayin haka: "A rubuta Formula jan oxides, da baƙin ƙarfe, da tungsten, da kuma tantance su na asali sinadaran Properties."

Domin samu nasarar jimre da aiki, dole ne ka yi wani tunani na fasali na oxides. Lura ba da waɗanda binary mahadi, a cikin abin da na biyu da rabi ne oxygen. All oxides zuwa rarraba cikin uku kungiyoyin: na asali, acidic, amphoteric.

Iron da kuma jan ne abubuwa na mika mulki kungiyar, saboda haka zai iya zama na m valence. Domin jan za a iya rubuta biyu kawai zabin oxides exhibiting asali Properties - Cu ₂ Ya kuma CuO.

Iron ne ba a cikin babban sub-rukuni na sinadaran abubuwa, don haka akwai da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +2 +3 kuma. A cikin wadannan lokuta, wadannan iri oxides aka kafa - FeO da Fe ₂ Ya _3.

Tungsten a binary mahadi tare da oxygen a mafi sau da yawa bayyana valence (4) da kuma (6). Dukansu na karfe oxide nuna acidic Properties, don haka ana yin su ne a cikin masana'antu a matsayin accelerators sunadarai matakai.

Babban manufar tungsten oxides ne kadaici da wadannan m karfe a bukatar a sinadaran da metallurgical masana'antu.