High gami karfe: bayanin, a waldi fasahar, fasali da kuma lakabtawa

A wannan zamanin ne quite wuya a overestimate muhimmancin metallurgy kayayyakin da ake amfani da ko'ina a masana'antu, yi, masana'antu housewares, iyali amfani. Amma musamman hankali ya kamata a alloyed steels, ba tare da wanda babban yawan masana'antu (inji-gini, petrochemical, makamashi, abinci aiki, samar da musamman kayayyaki, babban manufar wanda shi ne yin aiki a cikin yanayi mai wahala) zai zama kasa yi ta asali ayyuka.

The tambaya: abin da yake gami karfe, ta gami? Abin da akwai wani rarrabuwa na alloying abubuwa? Menene babban halaye da kuma kaddarorin high-gami karfe? Wadannan da kuma wasu sauran al'amurran da suka shafi za mu yi kokarin kamar yadda zai yiwu cikakken amsoshi a cikin wannan labarin.

Mene ne gami karfe?

Bari mu fara gano abin da yake karfe. Gami karfe - wani gami da na baƙin ƙarfe, da carbon, wanda aka hada da musamman abubuwa da shafi da babban inji da jiki Properties na karshe kayayyakin na metallurgical masana'antu. Da abubuwa da cewa an kara zuwa na asali gami abun da ke ciki, da ake kira dopants. Chrome, nickel, vanadium, manganese, jan - su na farko kungiyar.

iri karfe

Akwai rarrabuwa na alloying abubuwa, wanda dogara ne a kan su kashi na gami:

• High alloyed karfe - 10-50%.
• Srednelegirovannoj - 2.5-10%.
• A low gami - har zuwa 2.5%.

Species: high-gami karfe, gami

La'akari da wani ban sha'awa aya. High alloyed karfe da kuma ta gami kuma da rarrabuwa. Kowace daga cikin wadannan iri da ake amfani a wasu yanayi:

• Heat resistant ko tsaurin karfe.
• Lalata-resistant.

Bisa ga yawan da alloying kashi, wadannan iri:

• Chrome Manganese karfe.
• Chrome-nickel.
• Chrome.

A amfani da high-gami steels

Haka ya shafi inda wani karfe? High-gami karfe da su gami da muhimmanci aka gyara a samar da daban-daban kayayyakin. Wadannan masana'antu ba zai iya yi ba tare da su yi amfani da:

• Chemical.
• Masana'antun man fetur.
• Inji aikin injiniya.
• Construction.
• Manufacturing kayayyaki, babban manufar wanda yake aiki a maƙiya muhallin (high zazzabi, da tsakaitãwa).

Bugu da kari na alloying abubuwa sa ya yiwu don cimma wasu inji Properties. Saboda haka, high-gami karfe da aka yi amfani da matsayin sanyi-resistant aka gyara. Sau da yawa sosai da wannan ya auku a cikin karfe injiniya masana'antu. Mafi mashahuri ne high-gami austenitic steels, kunsha na alloyed bangaren da ya mamaye game da 55%, da kuma sauran - baƙin ƙarfe, chromium (game da 18%), nickel (8%). Alloying aka gyara wannan abun da ke ciki m da m manufar kerarre kayayyakin.

A amfani da lalata-resistant karfe

Lalata-resistant high-gami steels ake amfani da su a wani gas yanayi ko alkaline acid. A halayyar bambanci ne rage carbon ciki - kamar 0,12%. Bugu da ari alloying kuma thermal jiyya ba da damar samun musamman gami da cewa zai iya tsayayya da m yanayin a gas ko wani ruwa karfe yanayi.

Amfani steels dauke da tungsten, ko molybdenum a 7% da boron iya aiki a yanayin zafi har zuwa 1100 digiri. Tungsten da molybdenum - abubuwa da suke da dangantaka da reinforcer. Don kara da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da juriya da kayayyakin kamar yadda alloying abubuwa suna kara da silicon ko aluminum. Irin Tsarin za a iya amfani da dumama abubuwa ko makera.

Main halaye na karfe

High alloyed karfe yana da dũkiyarsu da kuma halaye da cewa ba da damar mafi girma amfani da kerarre kayayyakin. Irin wannan steels da wadannan halaye:

• Tsayin (cimma by zafi magani).
• A lalata juriya.
• Resistance zuwa nakasawa tafiyar matakai.
• Ductility (idan aka kwatanta da carbon karfe ductility a sau mafi).
• Nonmagnetic (karfe amfani da aikin injiniya).
• Elasticity.
• Zafin.
• Weldability.

Saboda gaskiya cewa dabara ne daban-daban gami, daban-daban Properties ake samu. A tsarin da aka sauƙi canza saboda zafi magani da kuma alloying aka gyara. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a samu da kaddarorin da ake bukata domin daftarin yanayi. Alal misali, high-18% chromium karfe iya samun matsayin wani ɓangare na nickel, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a samu lalata juriya da kuma sanyi brittleness.

Waldi high-gami steels sa ya yiwu a samu kayayyakin da cewa za a iya amfani da duk canjin yanayin. Saboda haka, shtamposvarki Hanyar damar yin amfani da karshe samfurin a cikin wani mummunan low yanayin zafi - saukar zuwa debe 253 digiri Celsius. Special aiki damar zuwa samu silicon ferrosilidy cewa zai iya aiki a karfi acid (nitric, phosphoric da sauransu).

High alloyed karfe daban-daban taurin, high abrasion ikon. Saboda haka, acid-resistant kayan ne - C15 da C17, kuma chromium, vanadium da manganese kara da lalacewa juriya gami.

Nau'in na high-gami steels for thermal Properties

Bisa ga thermal halaye, akwai da wadannan rarrabuwa:

• Platinum (EN42) - aka yi amfani don samar da wayoyin, wanda ake amfani da Iskar Wutar fitilu. Wannan shi ne saboda fadada coefficient ne guda a matsayin cewa na gilashi.
• Elinvars (H8N36) - manufa domin agogon marẽmari da kuma kida. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa na roba modulus ne m, kuma ba a halakar a yanayin zafi daga -50 zuwa +100 digiri Celsius.
• Invar (I36) - yana amfani da samar matsayin, ma'auni abubuwa, kamar yadda fadada coefficient ne ya daidaita da sifili.

Nishadi dũkiyar lalata na karfe (kawai high-gami bakin karfe) ne Magnetic. Saboda haka rarrabe tsakanin nonmagnetic da Magnetic iri irin karafa. A farko ne zuwa kashi magnetically taushi da kuma m Magnetic subspecies, da kuma karshen an hada da cobalt, chromium.

Standard: high-gami steels

irin wannan karfi da karfe da kuma tsaurin gami da bukatun an kayyade ta musamman dokokin, wato ta Gost 5632-72.

Brand high-gami steels

A mafi m da kuma sanannun ne da wadannan iri karfe :

• Ferrite: 15H28, 12H17, 08Kh18T1, 15H25T, 08H18Tch, 10H13SYU.
• Martensitic: 15H11MF, 40H9S2, 18H11MNFB, 40H10S2M, 95X18, 25H13N2, 20H17N2, 13H11N2V2MF, 40X13, 20X13, 20H17N2, 13H14N3V2FR.
• Austenitic-martensitic: 07H16N6, 08H17N5M3, 08H17N6T, 09H17N7YU1.
• Austenitic-ferritic: 08H21N6M2T, 08H22N6T, 08H20N14S2, 20H23N13, 12H21N5T, 03H22N6M2.
• Martensitic-ferritic: 12H13, 18H12VMBFR, 14H17N2, 15H12VNMF.
• Austenitic: 05H18N10T, 45H22N4M3, 45H14NMV2M, 10H14G14N4T, 03H18N10T, 08H16N13M2B, 12H18N12T, 03H18N12, 03H16N15M3B, 10H11N23T3MR, 20H23N18, 10H11N20T2R, 12X18H9T, 12H18N9, 20H25N20S2.

A amfani da gami steels:

• 40X13, 30Ch13 - yi amfani don carburetor needles, marẽmari ga motocin, m kida.
• 12H17 - iri high-gami karfe, da ake amfani da yi na kitchen kayayyakinsa da iyali abubuwa.
• 20H13, 12H13, 08H13 - yi amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa zuwa tsirar shigarwa abubuwa, Tsarin cewa aiki a low m yanayi.
• 95X18 - yi amfani don samar da wuya ball.