Halitta yankunan da Urals: tebur da kuma bayanin

Ural Mountains miƙa daga Kazakh matakan da Arctic Coast. Da nisa daga cikin dutse taro ne daga 100 zuwa 400 km, da kuma tsawon shi ne ya fi 2.5 dubu. Km. Halitta Urals zone hada da duk iri-iri: daga iyakacin duniya tundra zuwa kudancin matakan.

Mountain iyaka ne zuwa kashi yankunan dangane da ma'aunan kasa, sauyin yanayi, da kuma sauran yanayi. Bayan ganin su cikakken halaye, yana yiwuwa a gane abin da na halitta da yankunan da Urals aukaka da kuma abin da matalauciyar cikin sharuddan data kasance Flora da fauna.

iyakacin duniya Urals

Halitta yankunan iyakacin duniya Ural gabatar tundra da gandun daji. Relief wannan dutsen sarkar rabo kafa saboda sanyi weathering, cikinsa da kafa duwatsu placers (kurums da patterned ƙasa). Permafrost gona zafin jiki ya bambanta, a lokacin rani take kaiwa zuwa solifluction.

The rinjaye jinsunan sauƙi - tudu a kan wanda ya bi sawun na glaciation. Makiyayarta da kwarin a cikin nau'i na kududdufai. M tip da kawai mafi girma kololuwa. Mai tsayi ƙasa bayyana a kudu da iyakacin duniya Urals a cikin kusanci da Mutane da Saber.

Iyakacin duniya Urals rigar da sanyi yanayin yanayi. A lokacin bazara, mai yawa da girgije, kuma m ruwan sama. A talakawan wata-wata da yawan zafin jiki a watan Yuli - daga 8 zuwa 14 ºC. Winter ne tsawo da sanyi sosai. Average Janairu zafin jiki ba ya wuce -20 ºC. Common yankunan permafrost. A cikin filayen kwari, saboda blizzards, manyan snowdrifts kafa. A talakawan shekara-shekara hazo 500 (a cikin arewa) zuwa 800 (a kudu) mm na ruwan sama.

Kasa da kuma ciyayi na iyakacin duniya Urals

Halitta Urals yanki shafi gona da kuma ciyayi, wanda ba daban-daban iri-iri. A arewa, da tundra filayen da duwatsu yankunan kafa. A cikin cibiyar akwai scatterings na duwatsu tare da kadan, ko kuma ba shuke-shuke. A gindin tundra Flora wakilta mosses, lichens da kuma shrubs. A kudancin fadin gandun daji yankunan, amma da darajar a cikin wuri mai faɗi ne kananan.

A farko Dwarf larch sparse gandun daji bayyana a cikin kwaruruka, located a kan m gangara kusa 68º. w. Wannan bangare na dutsen taro halin low kauri daga cikin snow murfin kuma mafi pronounced nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Saboda haka, akwai sharadi gwargwado domin shuka rayuwa. A Arctic Circle larch gandun daji diluted spruces da itatuwan al'ul, da kuma kara kudu - fir kuma Pine itatuwa.

Running daya ban sha'awa doka game da ci gaban da larch da spruce gandun daji. Yanayi na su a saman da kunya maimakon a lebur yankunan. Dalilin shi ne mai kyau magudanun ruwa da kuma zazzabi tsarin mulki.

Severnyy Ural

A yankin da aka located daidai a kan 59th Meridian, kudu takuba fara da ƙare Konzhakovsky Stone. A matsakaicin tsayi da cibiyar - 700 m saman teku matakin. Yana hada da gabashin da kuma yammacin jeri. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne a watershed. Mafi yawa daga cikin kololuwa ba kaifi, amma taso keya.

A fili bayyane 3-4 tsoho surface jeri. Wani hankula alama na wani sauƙi - shi ke mai yawa upland baranda located sama da itacen matakin, ko a kan su sama iyaka. Wadannan Tsarin ne sosai daban-daban ba kawai a cikin daban-daban duwãtsu, sai a tarnaƙi. Yanayin damina ne kama da na baya yankin, amma ba a matsayin mai tsanani. A talakawan shekara-shekara hazo a kan 800 mm na ruwan sama, musamman a cikin gangara suna fuskantar yamma. Danshin ruwa daga surface ne sosai kasa da wannan darajar, wanda shi ne dalilin ruwan dare swampy yankunan.

Flora da fauna daga Arewa Urals

Boreal gandun daji m Layer rufe mountainsides. Tundra kiyaye kawai a kan tuddai da duwatsu, located a tsawo na 700-800 mita. Dark coniferous boreal gandun daji kunshi yafi na spruce. Fir tsiro a wuraren da ƙasa ne mafi m. Cedar fi son marshy kuma m gangara. Mamaye spruce gandun daji tare da kore gansakuka da kuma bilberry, waxanda suke da hali na tsakiya taiga. A arewacin tip suka tafi a rare dazuzzuka da kuri'a na swamps.

Pinery nan - sabon abu na wanda ba safai ba ne. Its shahararren rawa a cikin wuri mai faɗi da kudu bayyana wa 62º. m., a kan m gangara. Kawai a nan akwai sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban da Pine itatuwa: da m kasa da bushe nahiyar sauyin yanayi. A rabo daga Sukachev larch gandun daji ne da yawa m fiye da a iyakacin duniya Urals. Suna girma tare da shrub alder kuma Birch m.

Halitta yankunan da Arewa Urals - yafi taiga, da kuma kananan faci na tundra. Local fauna kunshi da hankula wakilan coniferous gandun daji. Sable zaune a can, inda itacen al'ul girma. Akwai wolverines, ja da launin toka voles kuma reindeer. Live da wadannan wakilan da avifauna: Hawk mujiya, waxwing, Nutcracker da sauransu.

A gefen yamma, a cikin sama kai na cikin kogin da wannan sunan, located Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, da nuna wasu daga cikin halitta yankunan da Urals. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a Rasha. Yana rike da asali bayyanar da dutsen taiga, wucewa a tsakiyar.

Sredniy Ural

Sredniy Ural wuya canja siffar saboda tectonic canjawa. Saboda wannan dalili, kololuwa smoothed da low. The most of su suna located a kusa da 800 m Railway karauka - Perm. Ekaterinburg crosses da kunya a tsawon 410 mita Mountains ne quite halaka ta, ya yi sanadiyyar asarar watershed aiki .. Wannan ya tabbatar da kogin Chusovaya da Ufa, da suka samo asali a kan m gangara kuma mikewa zuwa yamma. River kwaruruka ne m da kuma tsara, wannan da aka nuna ta da wasan kwaikwayo kankara overhanging da kogin gadaje.

Sredniy Ural, halitta yankunan da wakilci kudancin taiga da gandun daji-steppe, yafi dadi ga mutum habitation fiye da Arewa. Cikin lokacin bazara yawa warmer da kuma ƙara shekara-shekara da ruwan sama - daga 500 zuwa 600 mm. Ma'anar Yuli zazzabi - daga 16 zuwa 18 ºC. Climate tasiri a kan kasa da kuma ciyayi. Kudancin taiga ne dake arewacin yankunan, da gandun daji-steppe - a cikin ta Kudu.

A Flora da fauna daga tsakiya Urals

A gabashin da kuma yammacin gangara ne markedly daban-daban ciyayi. A cikin Trans-Ural matakan koma yawa kara arewa fiye da a cikin Urals, inda suka samu kawai mutum tsibiran. Dutsen gandun daji m Layer, kawai wuccin kololuwa tashi sama taiga zone iyaka. Mamaye da taiga, kunsha na spruce kuma fir da yankunan Pine gandun daji. Mixed gandun daji (spruce, fir, Birch, Linden) ne na hali na kudu maso yammacin yankuna.

A manyan yawan Birch gandun daji dake cikin Tsakiya Urals. Sun bayyana a wurare na cikinsu yake saran coniferous gandun daji. Halitta Urals yankin da halayyar tsarin da dabba mulkin. A iri-iri na gandun daji da kuma dumi sauyin yanayi da gudummawar da gaskiya cewa yawan wakilan fauna daga kudu ya karu. Hankula mazaunan Tsakiya Urals - bushiya, ferret, hamster, Badger. Daga cikin avifauna hali na Nightingale, da oriole, greenfinch. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna wakilta kamar maciji, copperhead, kadangaru.

Daji, yanayin fili lardin tsakiya Urals

• Average Urals. Wannan Filato, dagagge zuwa tsawo na 500 zuwa 600 m. Yana sare ta m cibiyar sadarwa na kogin kwari. Rayayye yayyo karst matakai kai ga samuwar yawa tabkuna da kuma kogwanni funnels. Good magudanun ruwa ya hana samuwar swamps, duk da manyan adadin hazo. Mamaye coniferous da kuma gauraye gandun daji tare da faci na gandun daji.
• Cibiyar Tsakiya Urals gabatar da mafi girman ɓangare na kunya. Tsayinsa ne kananan, don haka shi ne kusan rufe gaba daya da taiga.
• Average Trans-Urals. Yana da wani dagagge bayyana tare da m Oriental nuna bambanci. Yana yana outliers, dutse ridges da lake daruna. Mamaye m Pine gandun daji da kuma cakuda daga gare tare da sauran itatuwa. A arewacin yawa dausayi. Gandun daji-steppe ci gaba nisa arewa idan aka kwatanta da Urals yankin. Siberian wuri mai faɗi ba siffar Birch gandun daji.

Yuzhnyy Ural

Wannan yankin ya bambanta daga Ural kunya matsakaici a high kololuwa (Iremel, 1582 m. Yamantau, 1640 m). A watershed ne da za'ayi a kan wani kunya Uraltau, wanda aka located zuwa gabas da kuma yana da babban tsawo. Yana da aka hada da schist. A fannin mamaye da taimako na matsakaici duwãtsu. Raba Goltseva kololuwa bayan da gandun daji zone. Su surface ne lebur, amma yana da wani m dutse gangara tare da kuri'a da baranda. Ancient glaciers barshi cikin ridges da Zigalga Iremel daga kufan ƙungiyoyi.

Yuzhnouralsky peneplain ne, mai bayyana, ciwon folded da kuma tãyar da tushe. An dissected da kogin kwaruruka, kama tsaunuka. Zauralsky peneplain aka located a kan m gangara, halin da ƙananan sakawa da kuma wani m surface. A arewacin yana mai yawa tabkuna da ban mamaki dutsen tsarin tare da bankuna.

A yanayin damina da Kudancin Urals har yanzu mafi nahiyar yankunan baya. A lokacin rani ne dumi, fari da kuma bushe iskõki a yankin na Urals. The talakawan zafin jiki na warmest watan - daga 20 zuwa 22 ºC. A hunturu da sanyi, da dusar ƙanƙara cover yana da muhimmanci. A winters da kogin gaba daya daskare to kankara samuwar, sun kashe wani babban yawan tsuntsaye da kuma moles. Shekara-shekara hazo jeri daga 400 zuwa 600 a kudu da arewa na yankin.

Flora da fauna daga Kudu Ural

Halitta yankunan kudancin Urals an gabatar steppe da gandun daji yankunan. Flora da ƙasa cover da altitudinal karba-karba. Chernozem steppe hankula daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci wurare na Shefela. A wuraren da dutse za a iya gani Pine gandun daji tare da wani admixture na katako.

Forest steppe bautarka Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, da kuma gabashin gangara na arewacin yankunan da filin. Flora kunshi wani cakuda steppe da boreal mazaunan.

Table: na halitta zones Ural

Halitta karba-karba Ural fuska ne kamar haka.

Halitta yankunan Ural, a takaice nuna a tebur taimaka a gano su sauka a hankali canji a shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu.