Amurka cewa ba su da damar yin amfani da tẽku: wahala da

Samun Maritime cinikayya hanyoyi da kullum da aka dauki daya daga cikin manyan siffofin da wani iko jihar. Kusan mafi yawan dukan yaƙe-yaƙe a tarihin dan Adam, ya ga damar zuwa da shoreline. Tare da ci gaba a fasaha da kuma canje-canje a cikin tsarin zirga-zirga tashin hankali tsakanin jihohi saboda rashin samun damar zuwa teku ne da yawa rage, da kuma jihar ba landlocked, ba ya jin ya zama ruwan dare. Bugu da kari, da Yarjejeniyar a kan Shari'ar Sea da tabbacin dukan jihohi da dama a yi da kansa jiragen ruwa da kuma yin amfani da tekuna na ruwa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, kasashen da ba su da nasu damar zuwa tekun, da sayar da hakkin ya yi amfani da su flag kasuwanci shipping kamfanoni, wanda haka ya ceci a kan haraji a raya ƙasashe. Domin jihohi, da dama zuwa sayar da shi, da Saide ne sau da yawa a babban taimako.

MDD ta kare bukatun

International yarjejeniyarsu, MDD Yarjejeniya da jawabi a kan kewayawa daidaitãwa duk States da hakkin ya yi amfani da bude teku albarkatu, amma shi ba ya canja su daga bukatar gama raba kwangilar da hakkin ya yi amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na kasashe makwabta ba tare da samun damar zuwa teku.

Amurka cewa ba su da damar yin amfani da tẽku, located a kan hudu nahiyoyi. A lokaci guda mafiya yawan waɗanda suke a cikin Afirka. Ga jerin:

• Botswana.
• Burkina Faso (da aka sani da Upper Volta).
• Burundi.
• A Jamhuriyar Zambia.
• A Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe.
• Mulkin Lesotho.
• A Jamhuriyar Malawi.
• Mali.
• Jamhuriyar Nijar .
• A Jamhuriyar Rwanda.
• Mulkin Swaziland.
• Uganda.
• Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya;
• Chadi.
• Tarayya, kasar Habasha.

All Afirka jihohi sun ba landlocked, fada karkashin MDD rarrabuwa a cikin category na kasashe masu tasowa da kuma samun tsanani matsaloli da matakin na rai na yawan jama'a. Babu shakka, da rashin samun damar zuwa babban kai arteries ma yana da wani tasiri a kan su da alheri.

A shekarar 2011, a sakamakon raba gardama a kan Sudan, wanda yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan Red Sea, rabu kudancin larduna, jera gada daga karshe sunan jihar. Amurka cewa ba su landlocked, shi ne daya more. Duk da haka, a cikin dũkiyar filayen man fetur yale mu mu fatan wani speedy dawo daga kudancin Sudan bayan wani rikici da arewacin makwabcin. The gwamnatin shiga Gabas kungiyar tarayyar Afirka, wanda za su samu dama ga kai links.

The most jihar ba landlocked, da ake samu a Afirka - shi ne Habasha, da yawan abin da yake miliyan 93 mutane, da kuma Uganda, tare da wani yawan miliyan 34 mutane.

Ethiopia da kansa tashar jiragen ruwa a kan Red Sea har 1993, amma bayan da zaben raba gardama da kuma rabuwar da Eritrea, da rasa ta matsayi a matsayin Maritime iko. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa for Eritrea samun daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kai tekuna shi gaba daya mara amfani. A kasar samar kadan, kuma gwamnati ne sai m cewa yawan da yawan fi son gudu zuwa Turai fadin Bahar Rum, a hadarin rayuwa.

Abin da jihar ne landlocked kasa a kudancin Amirka?

A kan ta Kudu Amurka nahiyar, duk da babbar teku, akwai jihohin biyu, hana kansa seaports.

Bolivia rasa ta bakin teku ƙasa a 1883, lokacin da Chilean sojojin, tare da goyon bayan Britaniya, annexed lardin Tarapaca da Arica, wanda sun yana kokarin muhimmanci adibas na Saltpeter. Tun daga nan, kasar da aka hana damar zuwa teku har 2010, a cikin abin da wata kwangila da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Bolivia da kuma Peru, samar da hayan kananan mãkirci ga yi na Bolivia tashar jiragen ruwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Bolivia ne kawai a jihar ba tare da kulle amma da ciwon a lokaci guda ta sojan ruwa sojojin.

Na biyu kasar ba tare da da kansa teku ne Paraguay, wanda aka located a cikin zuciya na nahiyar. Ya taba da'awar ya sami damar zuwa teku. Mafi yawa daga cikin kasar ne m ƙasar, kasa - m wurare masu zafi da gandun daji. Duk da haka, Paraguay yana daya manyan amfani a kan wasu kasashe ba tare da seaports. Cross-kasa gudanar da na biyu mafi girma a nahiyar - kogin Parana, wanda gudana a cikin tekun Atlantic. Ko da yake teku shipping mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin nisa da tushe a nesa na 640 km daga teku, a tsakiyar hanya za a iya amfani da kananan jiragen ruwa da kuma jiragen.

Abin da jihar ne landlocked kasa a Turai?

A Turai, irin States 16. Kamar sauran na nahiyar, suna da dogon tarihi da kuma wuya na gwagwarmayar samun teku. Duk da cewa duk wadannan fadace-fadace suna buga da su, wannan rashin da aka ji ba haka m, a cikin ra'ayi na wani hadade da m Turai.

Ga kasashen Turai da ba su sami damar zuwa teku:

• Austria.
• Mulkin Andorra.
• A Jamhuriyar Belarus.
• Vatican City.
• Hungary (ta amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwa Croatian a Adriatic Sea).
• Kosovo.
• A sarauta na Liechtenstein .
• Grand Duchy na Luxembourg.
• Moldova.
• San Marino.
• Serbia.
• Slovakia.
• Jamhuriyar Czech.
• A Swiss Confederation.

Zaman lafiya da kuma kyau neighborliness ka'idojin ba da damar kasashen Turai su hada kai a wata sosai high matakin. Alal misali, Czech Republic yana da wata yarjejeniya tare da Poland a kan yin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na Szczecin.

Waterless Central Asia

Mutane da yawa kasashen Asiya da cewa ba su da damar yin amfani da tẽku, located a kan ƙasa na CIS. Jamhuriyoyin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet rasa damar zuwa teku saboda samun 'yancin kai. A halin yanzu, Rasha, ya aikata da kanta ga samar da damar yin amfani da zurfin-ruwa kai tsarin na kasashen da damar yin amfani da Caspian Sea. Wannan damar Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan rike su jirãge a cikin Baltic da kuma Black Tekuna. Irin wannan nassi ne zai yiwu, ta hanyar wani hadadden tsarin da tashoshi da kuma waterworks gina a lokacin Tarayyar Soviet.

A halin da ake ciki a Kudu-East Asia, da ninkawa da hadaddun kuma mai saɓani dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen a cikin ciki na nahiyar, da kuma sufuri kasashen. A lokaci guda, Mongolia, misali, saboda da dangantakar abokantaka tare da kasar Rasha Federation na da manyan m jiragen ruwa.

Ga jerin kasashe na Asiya da ba su da teku:

• Azerbaijan.
• A Jamhuriyar Armenia.
• Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Afghanistan.
• Mulkin Bhutan .
• A Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan.
• Kyrgyzstan Jamhuriyar;
• Lao jama'ar Jumhuriyar.
• A Jamhuriyar Mongolia.
• Tarayyar Nepal.
• A Jamhuriyar Tajikistan.
• Jamhuriyar Turkmenistan.
• A Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan.

Baya tsaye partially gane da Jamhuriyar Nagorno-Karabakh, wanda ya zama hanyar sabani tsakanin Armenia da Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh ne ma hana damar zuwa teku.

Dabam shi wajibi ne don suna 'yan kasashen da rigima matsayi, amma hana damar zuwa teku - shi ne Jamhuriyar Kudu Ossetia da Trans-Dniester Jamhuriyar. A cikin mahallin da jayayya matsayi da kuma smoldering rikici Dniester Jamhuriyar zai zama da wuya a nan gaba domin samun damar zuwa teku, kamar yadda Ukraine an tarewa da jamhuriyar.