Gargajiya adabi (Rasha). Rasha na gargajiya adabi: a jerin mafi kyau ayyukansu

Gargajiya adabi (Rasha) - wani m ra'ayi, da kuma kowane yana sanya kansa ma'anar a cikin shi. Idan muka tambayi masu karatu, abin da ƙungiyoyi shi sa su, da amsoshi za su kasance daban-daban. Ga wasu shi ne kafuwar library asusu, wani zai ce cewa ayyukan gargajiya Rasha adabi - a wasu juna, wanda yana da babban m darajar. Ga dalibai shi ne duk da cewa an sanar a makaranta. Kuma za su kasance duk a kansu hanya da cikakken 'yancin. To, abin da yake da shi - da na gargajiya adabi? Rasha wallafe-wallafe, a yau za mu mayar da hankali kawai a kan ta. Game da waje litattafansu za a tattauna a wani labarin.

Periodization na tarihi na Rasha adabi

Akwai kowa periodization na kafa da kuma ci gaban kasa wallafe-wallafe. Its tarihi ne zuwa kashi da wadannan lokaci lokaci:

1. Doliteraturny lokaci. A wannan lokaci, da XI karni, babu rubuta texts, da kuma ayyukan da aka daukar kwayar cutar baki.
2. Tun da XI karni XIV wanzu Old Rasha wallafe-wallafe. A babban tasiri a kan ta ci gaba da aka tallafi na Kiristanci a Rasha. Bayyana fassara Greek littattafai, ci gaba sabon nau'o'i: hagiographies, tarihin, yana tafe, bishara.
3. A na gaba lokaci - na da wallafe-wallafe. An wanzu tun da XV zuwa XVII karni.
4. XVIII karni - zamanin da Rasha ilimi. Wannan ne lokacin da dangantaka da wadanda marubuta wanda aza harsashin ginin Rasha na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe. Wadannan sun hada da: Karamzin, Fonvizin, Lomonosov, Zhukovsky, Sumarokov, Radishchev, Krylov.
5. XIX karni - lokacin da muka zauna da kuma aiki da waɗanda marubuta da kuma kasida, wanda a zamanin yau ake kira da litattafansu na wallafe-wallafe. "Golden Age" - sunan da aka ba wannan lokaci. Mafi Rasha gargajiya adabi an halitta a lokaci guda.
6. XX karni ake kira da misalin da suka gabata karni, "Silver Age", saboda wasu har shi ne ya ma'ana ci gaba.

Abin da ake cewa gargajiya?

Mutane da yawa masu karatu imani da cewa gargajiya adabi (Rasha) - shi ne Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - wato, ayyukan wadanda marubuta da suka rayu a cikin XIX karni. Wannan ba haka ba. A classic da wallafe-wallafen aikin na iya zama da tsakiyar zamanai, da kuma XX karni. By abin da canons da kuma ka'idojin domin sanin ko a classic labari ko labarin? Na farko, wani gargajiya yanki dole ne wani babban m darajar, ya zama wani abin koyi ga sauran. Abu na biyu, shi ya kamata karbuwa a kasashen duniya, shi ya kamata ya zama wani ɓangare na duniya da al'adun asusu.

Kuma dole ne mu iya rarrabe tsakanin gargajiya da kuma rare wallafe-wallafe. Classic - wannan shi ne abin da da gwajin lokaci, amma na rare ayyuka suna da sauri manta. Idan gaggawa na shi za su yi zurfi shekaru da dama, watakila shi ne ma lokacin da za a je a cikin category na litattafansu.

The asalin Rasha gargajiya adabi

A ƙarshen XVIII karni, kawai da rinjaye Rasha nobility raba biyu sabani sansanonin: da Conservatives da kuma kyautatawa. Wannan tsaga shi ne saboda wani daban-daban hali zuwa canje-canje da suka faru a rayuwarka? Bitrus ya gyara, da haske fahimtar ayyuka, m baƙauye tambaya, da hali to ikon. Wannan gwagwarmaya ya haddasa matsanancin takeoff ibada, kai-sani, wanda ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa Rasha litattafansu. Za mu iya cewa shi aka ƙirƙira a cikin shakka daga cikin ban mamaki aukuwa a kasar.

Gargajiya adabi (Rasha), an haife shi a wani hadadden da kuma sabanin da XVIII karni, karshe an kafa a cikin XIX karni. Its main siffofin: shaidar dan kasa, balaga, kai-sani.

Rasha na gargajiya adabi na karni na 19th

A cikin babban rawa a ci gaban da al'adun da cewa lokaci ya buga ci gaban da kasa sani. Yana buɗewa kuma da makarantu, da kara zaman jama'a muhimmancin adabi, mai yawa da hankali biya zuwa marubuta fara da mutuniyarsu harshen. A tawaye na Decembrists fi tilasta wa tunani game da abin da ke faruwa a kasar.

Karamzin tasiri a kan ci gaban da adabi na karni na 19th

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, da most Rasha tarihi, marubuci kuma dan jarida, shi ne mafi m adadi a Rasha al'adun XVIII-XIX ƙarni. Ya tarihi labari da monumental "Tarihi na Rasha Jihar" yana da wani banbanci a kan aikin na baya marubuta da kuma kasida Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboyedov. Ya - daya daga cikin manyan gyãrãwa na Rasha harshe. Karamzin gabatar da yin amfani da babban yawan sabon kalmomi, ba tare da wanda ba za mu iya kwatanta a yau wani zamani magana.

Rasha na gargajiya adabi: a jerin mafi kyau ayyukansu

Zabi da tara a jerin mafi kyau da wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka - mai wuya aiki, domin kowane karatu su zaba da kuma dandani. The labari, wanda daya zai zama wani fitacciyar, da sauran za ze m, kuma uninteresting. Ta yaya za a iya yin jerin classic Rasha adabi, wanda zai gamsar da mafi masu karatu? Daya hanyar - gudanar da safiyo. A wannan hasashe za mu iya gama wasu aikin kansu masu karatu la'akari da mafi kyau daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan. Irin data tarin hanyoyin da ake gudanar da kullum, ko da yake data iya canza dan kadan a kan lokaci.

List of mafi kyau ayyukan Rasha litattafansu, bisa ga version na adabi mujallu, da kuma online portals, kamar haka:

1. Mikhail Bulgakov tare sufi labari "Master kuma Margarita".
2. Leo Tolstoy almara aiki "yaki da zaman lafiya".
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky da uku litattafan: "Laifuka da azãba", "The Brothers Karamazov" da kuma "The wawa." Babban Rasha zurfin tunani, daidai da damƙar bayyana mafi duhu gefe na dabi'ar mutum. Fridrih Nitsshe zarar ya bayyana cewa Dostoevsky - kadai psychologist daga wanda ya iya koyon wani abu.
4. Nikolai litattafan Gogol - "Matattu Rayukan". Daya daga cikin mafi enigmatic na Rasha marubuta ya iya ya halicci wuce yarda da haske da kuma m siffofin haruffa. Story "Vij" da kuma tarin na marubuci ta "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka" ne ma sosai ƙaunar da masu karatu.
5. Alexander Pushkin ta labari "Eugene Onegin". A cewar zaben, mafi sõyuwa marubuci makaranta ne mai suna bayan Pushkin, kuma Onegin - mafi recognizable wallafe-wallafen gwarzo.
6. Anton Chekhov da kuma ba da labarinsa.
7. Mikhail Lermontov - "Hero of Our Lokaci".
8. Ilya Ilf da kuma Yevgeny Petrov - litattafansu na XX karni, da mutane da yawa daga cikin walwala da annashuwa. Su labari "The goma sha biyu Kujeru" ya dade a fi so littafin na da yawa masu karatu.
9. Ivan Turgenev da aikinsa "iyaye da 'ya'ya."
10. Alexander Griboyedov tare da comedy "Bone ya tabbata daga wit". Rubuta a cikin dukan rayuwa kawai daya samfurin, amma halitta a wannan matakin qarshe, zai kasance kullum a cikin mafi kyau marubuta na Rasha gargajiya wallafe-wallafe.

A cikin wani hali ba lallai ba ne su yi la'akari da wannan jerin tunani. A wasu martaba da kuma zaben da fari iya tsayawa ba Bulgakov da Lev Tolstoy da Alexander Pushkin, da kuma wasu daga cikin wadannan marubuta ba ya zama a duk. Ƙiyasi - wani abu sosai kayadadden. Yana da kyau su sa mafi domin jerin fi so litattafansu da kuma mayar da hankali a kan shi.

Rasha na gargajiya adabi darajar

Halitta na Rasha litattafansu yi ko da yaushe ya mai girma zamantakewa alhakin. Su taba yi magana reformatory, bai ba da shirye-sanya amsoshi a cikin ayyukansu. Marubuci yana sanya gaban mai karatu wani kalubale da kuma tilasta masa ya yi tunani game da ta yanke shawara. Sun aika a cikin aikin tsanani zamantakewa da jama'a al'amurran da suka shafi, wanda yanzu na bayar da muhimmanci a gare mu. Saboda haka, Rasha litattafansu kuma a yau ya kasance iri guda kwanan wata.