Ganglia - abin da yake da shi da kuma abin da suka kunshi?

Ganglia (in ba haka ba - ganglia) - a sa na musamman Kwayoyin. Yana ƙunshi jiki, dendrites da axons. Su, bi da bi, da lãbãri ga jijiya Kwayoyin. Har ila yau ganglia hada da goyon bayan glial Kwayoyin. Su aiki ne don ƙirƙirar goyon baya ga neurons. Matsayin mai mulkin, da jijiya ganglia an rufe connective nama. Wadannan gungu suna samu ba kawai a vertabrate, amma kuma a wasu kwaro. Juna ganglia nuna hadaddun tsarin tsarin. An misali iya zama sarkar tsarin ko saka. Bugu da ari, labarin za a aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, abin da ganglia kamar hulda auku tsakanin su. Bugu da kari, rarrabuwa da kuma bayanin irin babban jinsin za a rage.

vertabrate

Ganglia zama a cikin wadannan mutane da da wasu na musamman fasali. Saboda haka ba su fada cikin tsakiya m tsarin. Wasu kira su muhimmi ganglia. Duk da haka, mafi daidai lokaci da aka dauke su "core". Juyayi tsarin aka gyara da kuma cewa su nunawa, su ne a haɗa abubuwa tsakanin aka gyara daga cikin juyayi tsarin. Wadannan hatsaisai sun shige kuma controls aiki na wasu kayan ciki.

rarrabuwa

All ganglia ya kasu kashi da dama iri. Ka yi la'akari da asali. Kalmar "kashin baya ganglion" hadawa azanci shine (afferent) abubuwa. Nau'i na biyu - kai dauke abubuwa. Suna shirya a Game da (autonomic) juyayi tsarin. Babban view - muhimmi. Su gyara ne na tsarin jijiya nodes da suke a cikin fari al'amarin. An dauke a cikin kwakwalwa. The aiki na neurons ne don tsara wani jikin ayyuka, kazalika da taimako a cikin aiwatar da juyayi tafiyar matakai. Akwai kuma vegetative irin. Yana wakiltar daya kumburi jijiyoyi. Wannan kashi na nufin autonomic juyayi tsarin. Wadannan nodes gudu tare da kashin baya. Autonomic ganglia su ne kadan. Su size iya zama ƙasa da wani millimeter, kuma mafi girma daga jinsin da Peas. The abu na autonomic ganglia ne tsari aiki na kayan ciki da bugun jini rarraba.

Kwatanta da Kalmar "plexus"

The littattafan sau da yawa samu da Kalmar "plexus". Yana za a iya dauka a matsayin dangantawa zuwa ga kalma "ganglion". Duk da haka plexus kira takamaiman ganglia. Su ne ba a wani adadin a rufaffiyar yankin. A ganglion - hadin gwiwa yanki na synaptic lambobi.

juyayi tsarin

Daga hangen zaman gaba haltta ne biyu na ta da irin. A farko da aka kira da tsakiyar m tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Nau'i na biyu shi ne a sa na nodes, jijiya endings da jijiya da kansu. Wannan hadadden ne da ake kira na gefe m tsarin.

Juyayi tsarin samar da na tsarin jijiya tube da kuma ganglion farantin. By kashi na farko na kwanyar hada kwakwalwa daga azanci shine gabobin da akwati yankin - da laka. Ganglion farantin Forms da kashin baya, autonomic aka gyara da kuma chromaffin nama. M nama wanzu a matsayin wani ajali na tsarin mulkin Game da matakai na jiki.

Overview

Ganglia - wata kungiya na jijiya Kwayoyin, bayan da iyakoki na tsakiya m tsarin. Akwai vegetative da m nau'in. A karshen aka located kusa da tushen da laka da kuma girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. A siffar da kashin baya naúrar kama da dogara sanda. Ya aka kewaye da wani harsashi na connective nama. Yana kuma shiga cikin kumburi da kanta, yayin da rike wani jini jirgin ruwa. A jijiya Kwayoyin a cikin kashin baya taro, mai haske kuma manyan size, da nuclei ne sauƙin rarrabe. Neurons samar da kungiyoyin. The aka gyara daga cikin kashin baya cibiyar kumburi suna tafiyar matakai na jijiya Kwayoyin da interlayer endoneurium. Matakai dendrites fara-m zone a cikin kashin baya jijiyoyi, da kuma ƙarasa a gefe rabo, inda su ne rabe. Yana yakan faru ne canji na bipolar neurons a psevdounipolyarnye. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da suka maturation. Daga psevdounipolyarnogo neuron fitar da tsari, entwine cell. Ya delimited da afferent, kuma aka sani da suna "dendritic" da kuma efferent, ko - axonal, kashi.

Dendrites da axons

Wadannan Tsarin mai rufi da myelin daina kai hare hare, aka gyara wanda suke neyrolemmotsity. A jijiya Kwayoyin na kashin baya taro oligodendroglial Kwayoyin kewaye da ciwon sunaye kamar glia Kwayoyin alkyabbarsa, sodium glia Kwayoyin da tauraron dan adam Kwayoyin. Wadannan abubuwa su ne kadan zagaye nuclei. Bugu da kari, da harsashi na kewaye da wadannan Kwayoyin daga connective nama kwantena. Da aka gyara bambanta daga wasu m nuclei. Ta ilimin aiki jamiái dauke a cikin jijiya Kwayoyin na kashin baya site, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, P. abu

Vegetative ko standalone tsarin

Mai cin gashin kanta ganglia suna located in da dama wurare. Da farko, a kusa da kashin baya (akwai paravertebral Tsarin). Abu na biyu, kafin kashin baya (prevertebral). Bugu da kari, tsaya-shi kadai raka'a, kuma a wani lokaci ana samu a cikin ganuwar da gabobin. Alal misali, zuciya, da bronchi da kuma mafitsara. Wadannan ganglia ake kira intramural. Wani irin ne kusa da surface na gabobin. Tare da m abokai da alaka preganglionic jijiya zaruruwa. Suna da appendages na tsakiya m tsarin neurons. Vegetative gungu suna kasu iri biyu: da m da parasympathetic. Kusan dukkan gabobin sami postganglionic zaruruwa sanya daga Kwayoyin cewa zai iya zama ba a cikin da iri vegetative Tsarin. Amma tasirin da cewa neurons bambanta dangane da irin gungu. Saboda haka, m mataki za a iya karfafa da zuciya, yayin da parasympathetic slows shi.

tsarin

Ko da kuwa da irin m kumburi tsari ne kusan m. Kowane tsarin maida hankali ne akan connective nama daina kai hare hare. A vegetative nodes, akwai na musamman neurons kira "multipolar". Suna bambanta da wani sabon abu siffar, da kuma wuri na tsakiya. Akwai neurons da mahara tsakiya da kuma Kwayoyin tare da wani ƙara yawan chromosomes. Na tsarin jijiya Kwayoyin da su tafiyar matakai encapsulated, aka gyara na da ne da tauraron dan adam glial Kwayoyin. Suna da ake kira glial alkyabba. A saman Layer da harsashi membrane aka kewaye da connective nama.

intramural tsarin

Wadannan neurons tare da conductive hanyoyi iya zama metasympathetic wani rabo daga autonomic juyayi tsarin. A cewar histologist Dogel tsakanin intramural iri Tsarin suke da daraja iri uku Kwayoyin. Tsohon hada dlinnoaksonnye efferent abubuwa na rubuta. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna da manyan neurons wanda dendrites tsawo da kuma gajeren axon. Domin ravnootroschatyh afferent jijiya bangaren ne halin da tsawo da kuma dendrites da axon. A associative neurons juna Kwayoyin na farko iri biyu.

A gefe tsarin

The aiki na jijiyoyi don samar da sadarwa don kashin baya jijiya cibiyoyin na kwakwalwa da kuma jijiya Tsarin. Abubuwa na tsarin mu'amala ta wajen connective nama. Jijiya cibiyoyin - shi ne yankin da alhakin sarrafa bayanai. Kusan duk gine-ginen dauke ƙunsar duka biyu afferent zaruruwa, da kuma na efferent. Saita na zaruruwa, wanda, a zahiri, jijiya, zai iya ƙunsar ba kawai Tsarin cewa ana kiyaye shi ta wani electrically insulating myelin daina kai hare hare. Su ba da waɗanda daga irin waɗannan "cover" ba shi da. Bugu da ƙari, cikin jijiya fiber Layer rabu da connective nama. An bambanta da looseness kuma fibrous. Sunan wannan Layer endoneurium. Ya ƙunshi wani karamin adadin Kwayoyin, da muhimmin bangare ne na reticular zaruruwa dauki kashi collagen. A wannan nama ne kananan jini vials. Wasu bim na jijiya zaruruwa na kewaye da wani Layer na connective nama - perineurium. Da aka gyara an samu nasarar shirya Kwayoyin da collagen zaruruwa. Kwantena, enveloping dukan jijiya akwati (kira epineurium) kafa daga connective nama. Ta, bi da bi, wadãtar fibroblasts Kwayoyin, macrophages da kuma mai gyara. Ya ƙunshi jini daga jijiya endings.