A autonomic juyayi tsarin da halaye

A juyayi tsarin na jikin mutum da dabbobi ne zuwa kashi biyu iri daban-daban - a somatic da autonomic juyayi tsarin. Somatic juyayi tsarin ne a karkashin m iko da mutum, kuma zai iya yi masa biyayya, da kuma autonomic juyayi tsarin, a maimakon haka, ba batun mutum, kuma da shi ne karkashin iko da sõmamme.

Somatic tsarin aikin wani dual aiki. Yana yi na'am da bayanai game da yanayi ta hanyar da hankula - kamar idanu, wanda da musamman rabe. Signals daga wadannan rabe fada a kan m tashoshi a tsakiya m tsarin. Har ila yau somatic tsarin daukan sakonni daga CNS a kan mota da tashoshin to kwarangwal tsokoki, da haddasa wannan yunkuri.

A autonomic juyayi tsarin - juyayi tsarin ne a sashen cewa shirya jijiyoyin bugun gini sautin, lymphatic da jini, da aikin na exocrine gland da endocrine, kazalika da dukan kayan ciki.

VNS rike saukar da haƙuri da muhalli (homeostasis) a cikin jiki da kuma yi aikin Na'urar-trophic aiki. Saboda da autonomic juyayi tsarin, kayan ciki da ayyuka na mutum kwayoyin zuwa daidaita zuwa waje canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kuma da tasiri a kan na hankali da jiki aiki.

A autonomic juyayi tsarin (tsaya-shi kadai) ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa: gefe da kuma tsakiyar. A gefe rabu ne jijiyoyi, jijiya zaruruwa, da kuma rassan cewa mika daga cikin cibiyoyin da tsarin a cikin laka da kwakwalwa, plexus na jijiyoyi da jijiya ganglia (vegetative sassa), m kututturan, wanda ya kunshi ganglia da a haɗa jijiyoyi da rassan, kazalika da vegetative sassa na parasympathetic rabo daga cikin ANS.

Jamhuriyar Division VNS kasu kashi segmental (m) da kuma suprasegmentar (mafi girma) vegetative cibiyoyin. Segmental cibiyoyin suna located a cikin laka, kuma a cikin kwakwalwa. Suprasegmental ANS cibiyoyin mayar da hankali kawai a cikin cerebral bawo, yafi a cikin parietal da frontal lobe, da olfactory kwakwalwa, cerebellum, hypothalamus, subcortical Tsarin, da sauransu.

A autonomic juyayi tsarin yana da iri biyu - da m da parasympathetic. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin tsari na su effector da kuma tsakiyar neurons da reflex arcs, kazalika da tasiri a kan aikin na innervated Tsarin.

A parasympathetic juyayi tsarin sashen tsakiyar neurons a cikin laka suna located, a cikin sacral segments (2-4 segments), amma mafi yawan wadannan neurons aka located a cikin brainstem kuma tafi daga shi tare da gauraye girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. The m juyayi tsarin tsakiyar neurons a cikin laka suna located a launin toka al'amari na mahaifa kashi daga cikin takwas zuwa biyu-uku lumbar. M jijiyoyi mika daga laka kawai a kan ventral (gaban) da bãyansu dõmin gudu matsayin wani ɓangare na da kashin baya jijiyoyi. Saboda da parasympathetic jijiyoyi hidima da aiki na bronchi, suna quntata, da m jijiyoyi, a akasin haka, fadada bronchi.

A autonomic juyayi tsarin ne da alhakin dukan muhimmanci ayyuka da kuma matakai a cikin jiki, kazalika da rabi da alhakin haifuwa, wanda yana da muhimmanci sosai a procreation. Har ila yau shi na samar da al'ada ANS tsari na zuciya rate, yanayin jiki, jini, sa ido da ayyukan daban-daban biochemical matakai a cikin jiki. A wata 'yar alamar canje-canje a ciki ko waje yanayi, da autonomic tsarin farawa compensating da iko sunadaran, wanda a daidai lokacin canza sautin na jini, iko da numfashi, kunna shafi tunanin mutum aiki.