Fluoroquinolones: kwayoyi, alamomi, contraindications da illa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma da sau da yawa da su bi wani iri-iri cututtuka tambaya roba antibacterial kwayoyi. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da yawa micro-kwayoyin wajen samar da juriya ga maganin rigakafi na halitta asali. Bugu da kari, communicable cututtuka faruwa more kuma mafi wuya, kuma ba ko da yaushe nan da nan zai yiwu a gano causative wakili. Saboda haka, an kara bukatar antibacterial m-bakan kwayoyi, wanda zai zama mafi saukin kamuwa kwayoyin. Daya daga cikin mafi inganci kungiyoyin na kwayoyi da irin kaddarorin ne fluoroquinolones. Wadannan formulations ake samar synthetically kuma yadu da aka sani tun 80s na 20th karni. Clinical yin amfani da wadannan jamiái sun tabbatar da cewa su ne mafi tasiri fiye da mafi yawan sani maganin rigakafi.

Mene ne wani fluoroquinolone

Maganin rigakafi - kwayoyi da cewa suna da antimicrobial aiki kuma sau da yawa suna da wata halitta asali. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, fluoroquinolones ba su shafi maganin rigakafi. Wannan roba miyagun ƙwayoyi samu daga quinolones ta ƙara sunadarin flourine kwayoyin halitta. Dangane da lambar kuma mallaki daban-daban yadda ya dace washout lokaci.

Da zarar a cikin jiki, shirye-shirye fluoroquinolones rarraba wa dukan kyallen takarda shigar da ruwa kashi iya shiga ta hanyar mahaifa da jini kwakwalwa shãmaki, kazalika a kwayan Kwayoyin. Bã su da ikon hana enzyme aikin babban kwayoyin ba tare da terminates DNA kira. Wannan na musamman mataki kaiwa zuwa mutuwa na kwayoyin.

Tun wadannan kwayoyi suna hanzari rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki, su ne mafi tasiri fiye da sauran mafi maganin rigakafi.

Da wani da ake dasu aiki fluoroquinolones

Wannan m-bakan kwayoyi. Suna ĩmãni ya zama tasiri a kan mafi gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin cuta, wato Mycoplasma, chlamydia, Mycobacterium da tarin fuka, da wasu daga cikin sauki. Sunã halakar da hanji, Pseudomonas da Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, meningococci da sauransu. Kula da su kamar yadda kwayuka kwayoyin cuta, wanda da wuya a rike wasu kwayoyi.

M to wadannan kwayoyi kawai daban-daban fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma syphilis.

A amfani da yin amfani da wadannan kwayoyi

Mutane da yawa tsanani da kuma gauraye cututtuka za a iya warke kawai fluoroquinolones. A kwayoyi da aka yi amfani da wannan manufa da, ana yanzu ƙara zama m. A fluoroquinolones idan aka kwatanta da su da sauƙi a jure, hanzari tunawa, da kuma kwayoyin har yanzu suna iya samar da juriya ga su. Bugu da kari, da kwayoyi na wannan kungiyar da sauran abũbuwan amfãni:

• kashe kwayoyin cuta, bã mãsu buwãyar su.
• mallaka m bakan da aikin.
• shiga duk gabobin da kyallen takarda.
• hana ci gaban kwamin na tara buga.
• Su za a iya hadu da sauran antibacterial jamiái.
• da dogon lokaci na kiwo, haka ne kara su yadda ya dace.
• da wuya sa illa.

Abin da mataki da fluoroquinolones

Maganin rigakafi - kwayoyi da sa mutane da yawa illa. Kuma ko da a yanzu, da yawa kwayoyin sun zama m ga irin wannan kudi. Saboda haka fluoroquinolones zama mai girma madadin maganin rigakafi da magani daga cututtuka. Bã su da musamman ikon dakatar da haifuwa na kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin, abu don makomarsu, halakarwa. Wannan na iya bayyana da hakan inganci na fluoroquinolones. A musamman siffofin na su mataki ma ya hada da wani babban bioavailability. Su 2-3 hours shiga cikin duk kyallen takarda, gabobin da ruwaye na jikin mutum. Wadannan kwayoyi suna samu, yafi daga fitsari. Kuma da yawa kasa fiye da maganin rigakafi, sa illa.

alamomi

Antibacterials fluoroquinolone yadu amfani a asibiti-samu cututtuka, mai tsanani cututtuka na numfashi fili da kuma genitourinary tsarin. Ko da irin wannan tsanani cututtuka kamar Anthrax, typhoid, Salmonella, za a iya bi sauƙi. Za su iya maye gurbin mafi maganin rigakafi. Fluoroquinolones ne tasiri ga zalunta irin cututtuka:

• chlamydia.
• kabba da ciwon sanyi.
• dauke da kwayar cutar prostatitis.
• cystitis.
• pyelonephritis.
• typhoid.
• dysentery.
• salmonellosis.
• kullum mashako ko ciwon huhu.
• da tarin fuka.

Umurnai na yin amfani da wadannan kwayoyi

Fluoroquinolones ne sau da yawa samuwa a kwamfutar hannu tsari na baka gwamnati. Amma akwai wani bayani ga intramuscular allura, kazalika da saukad da a cikin idanu da kunnuwan. Domin samun ake so warkewa sakamako, duk da likita ta shawarwari dole ne a bi ta a kashi na fasali da kuma shan miyagun kwayoyi. Allunan bukatar tabbata sha ruwa. Yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye da ake bukata tazara tsakanin allurai biyu allurai. Idan haka ya faru da cewa da zarar da miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka rasa, shi wajibi ne ya dauki magani maza maza, amma ba a lokaci guda tare da na gaba kashi.

Lokacin da samun wani fluoroquinolone kwayoyi dole a bi likita shawara game da karfinsu da sauran magunguna, saboda wasu daga cikinsu na iya duka biyu rage antibacterial sakamako da kuma kara da yiwuwar illa. An ba da shawarar a lokacin jiyya da na dogon lokaci da za a fallasa su hasken rana kai tsaye.

Musamman umarnin don samun

Wane ne safest wajen antibacterial fluoroquinolones suna dauke. Wadannan kwayoyi suna wajabta yawa Categories marasa lafiya da suke an contraindicated ga sauran maganin rigakafi. Amma har yanzu wasu gazawar to su yi amfani da can. Fluoroquinolones an haramta a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• yara har zuwa shekaru 3, da kuma ga wasu, wani sabon ƙarni na kwayoyi - har zuwa 2 shekaru, amma a lokacin kuruciya da kuma samartaka, suna amfani ne kawai a cikin matsanancin.
• a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma nono.
• atherosclerosis na cerebral tasoshin.
• ne hypersensitive to gyara na shirye-shirye.

Lokacin da assigning fluoroquinolones antitsidnymi nufin tare da tasiri rage-rage, haka muna bukatar hutu na sa'o'i da dama tsakanin su. Idan muka yi amfani da wadannan kayan aikin tare da methylxanthines ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe shirye-shirye, da kara yawan guba na quinolones.

Zai yiwu illa

Dukkan antibacterial jamiái mafi saukin jure fluoroquinolones. wadannan kwayoyi za su iya kawai lokaci-lokaci sa irin wannan illa:

• ciki zafi, ƙwannafi, hanji cuta.
• ciwon kai, dizziness.
• barci cuta.
• convulsions, tremors a cikin tsokoki.
• rage da hangen nesa ko ji.
• tachycardia.
• sosai hanta ko koda aiki.
• fungal cututtuka na fata da kuma mucous membranes.
• ƙara ji na ƙwarai to UV sakawa a iska mai guba.

rarrabuwa na fluoroquinolones

Akwai yanzu hudu zamaninsu da kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiya. Sun fara haduwa a cikin 60s, amma mun san su samu har zuwa karshen karni. Ware 4 fluoroquinolones, dangane da lokaci na bayyanar da yadda ya dace.

• A ƙarni na farko - yana nufin low aiki da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Wadannan sun hada da fluoroquinolones shirye-shirye dauke da oxolinic ko nalidixic acid.
• biyu-tsara kwayoyi ne aiki da kwayoyin m penicillin. Sun kuma yi aiki a atypical kwayoyin. Sau da yawa a cikin tsanani da ciwon ya kama na numfashi fili da kuma narkewa kamar fili, wadannan fluoroquinolones ana amfani. Kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiyar sun hada da irin wannan "Ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "lomefloxacin" da sauransu.
• 3 tsara fluoroquinolones ma kira numfashi, kamar yadda su ne musamman tasiri da cututtuka na manya da ƙananan numfashi fili. Wannan "sparfloxacin" da "Levofloxacin".
• 4 ƙarni na kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiya ya bayyana kwanan nan. Su aiki da anaerobic cututtuka. Ya zuwa yanzu, daya kawai miyagun ƙwayoyi ne prevalent - "Moxifloxacin".

Shirye-shirye na 1 da na 2 tsara fluoroquinolones

A farko ambaci kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiyar za a iya samu a cikin 60-ies na 20th karni. Da farko amfani da kaciya fili cututtuka da kuma hanji irin fluoroquinolones. Kwayoyi, wanda yanzu aka fi sani kawai wani jerin likitoci, tun da sun kusan su ba amfani, da low yadda ya dace. Wannan magani bisa nalidixic acid "Negroes", "nevigramon". Wadannan farko-tsara kwayoyi kira quinolones. Sun sa da yawa daga gefen effects, da kuma da yawa kwayoyin ne m zuwa gare su.

Amma nazarin wadannan kwayoyi sun ci gaba, da kuma bayan shekaru 20 da akwai 2 tsara fluoroquinolones. Sun samu sunayensu saboda da gabatarwar a cikin kwayoyin quinolone sunadarin flourine kwayoyin halitta. Wannan ya karu inganci da kuma rage illa. Don biyu ƙarni fluoroquinolones ne:

• "Ciprofloxacin", da aka sani a karkashin sunayen "Tsiprobay" ko "tsiprinol".
• "Norfloxacin" ko "nolitsin".
• "Ofloxacin", wanda za a iya saya a cikin sunan "Ofloksin" ko "tarivid".
• "Pefloksatsina" ko "Abaktal".
• "Lomefloxacin" ko "maksakvin".

Formulations 3 da 4 ƙarnõni

Nazarin da wadannan magunguna da aka ci gaba. Kuma yanzu da zamani fluoroquinolones suna dauke da mafi inganci. A jerin kayayyakin 3 da 4 ƙarnõni har yanzu ba sosai manyan, tun da shi ba tukuna asibiti gwada da kuma yarda da amfani. Bã su da wani high dace da ikon hanzari shiga duk gabobin da kyallen takarda. Saboda haka, wadannan kwayoyi suna amfani da tsanani cututtuka na numfashi fili, urinary fili, narkewa kamar fili, fata, da kuma gidajen abinci. Wadannan sun hada da "Levofloxacin", da aka sani da "Tavanic". Yana da tasiri ko domin lura da Anthrax. Domin kwayoyi tsara ta huɗu fluoroquinolones "Moxifloxacin" yana nufin (ko "Aveloks"), wanda shi ne aiki da anaerobic kwayoyin. Wadannan sabon jamiái bã tãre bolshintva ƙarara wasu kwayoyi, mafi jure da marasa lafiya da kuma mafi tasiri.

Fluoroquinolones - suna daga cikin mafi tasiri wajen domin lura da tsanani cututtuka. Amma su za a iya amfani ne kawai bayan likita ta sayen magani.