Albrecht Durer: biography da kuma aiki. Aiki da Albrehta Dyurera: jerin

A. Dürer (1471-1528) - babban Jamus artist, kuma a karshe shekaru na rayuwarsa da kuma art sharhi. Tarihinsa da kuma aiki suna da nasaba da Renaissance. Works ta Albrehta Dyurera kuma a yau jawo hankalin da yawa connoisseurs of art. So in sani game da shi? Rayuwa da kuma aiki na Albrehta Dyurera gabatar a wannan labarin.

manhaja vitae

Mahaifinsa kuwa 'yan qasar na Hungary, da azurfa. Albrecht karatu na farko tare da mahaifinsa da kuma sa'an nan a Michael Wohlgemuth, mai zane-zane da kuma sassaƙa daga Nuremberg. 1490-1494 - "Years of Pilgrimage", da ake bukata domin ya sami muƙamin na master. Albrecht ciyar da wannan lokaci a cikin birane na Upper Rhine (Strasbourg, Colmar, Basel). A nan sai ya shiga cikin da'irar littafin firintocinku da masu tausaya wajama'a. An sani cewa Dürer son inganta a cikin engraving a kan karfe M. Shogauera a Colmar, amma ba su same shi da rai. Albrecht sa'an nan soma nazarin ayyukan wannan master, magana da 'ya'yansa maza, da suke ma artists.

A 1494 ya koma zuwa Nuremberg Albrecht Dürer. Biography da kuma aiki da shi da aka lura a lokacin da muhimmanci events. An sa'an nan kuma gudanar da aure to Agnes Frey, kazalika da bude nasa studio. Bayan wani lokaci, Albrecht yanke shawarar yin wani sabon tafiya, wannan lokaci zabi arewacin Italiya. Ya tafi PADUA da Venice a 1494-95, bi da bi. A Venice, Dürer tafiya, kuma a 1505, ya zauna a can har 1507. Albrecht sani da Sarkin sarakuna Maximilian na nufin 1512. A fili, a lokaci guda, Dürer fara aiki domin shi, har Maximilian ta mutuwa, wanda ya faru a 1519 ne da aka sani cewa Albert kuma ziyarci da Netherlands. A lokacin daga 1520 zuwa 1521, ya yi tafiya zuwa birane kamar Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, Malines, da sauransu.

kerawa Durer

Albrecht Dürer, biography da kerawa na wanda yayi daidai da Yunƙurin na Jamus Renaissance, ba zai zauna daga cikin halin da ya lokaci. Shi ne mai wuya, sun fi mayar da disharmonious lokaci. Halinsa bar ta lamba a kan kowane irin art. A Tarurrukan a cikin ayyukan Albrecht accumulates da asali da kuma richness na Jamus art hadisai. Sun bayyana kansu a cikin irin dyurerovskih haruffa nisa daga kyakkyawa daga fuskar gargajiya manufa. Bugu da kari, da master fi son Bambanta, yana biya mai girma da hankali ga mutum, daki-daki. Na bayar da muhimmanci ga Albrecht ne a lokaci guda lamba tare da art na Italiya. Creativity Albrehta Dyurera lura da cewa ya yi kokarin fahimtar asirin ta kamala da jituwa. Dürer ne wakilin na Arewa Renaissance, wanda shi ne multifaceted da kuma shugabanci na sha'awa, da marmarin fahimtar dokokin art, don ƙirƙirar m rabbai na mutum adadi za a iya sa a kan wani par tare da babban Masters na Italian Renaissance.

zane

Creativity Albrehta Dyurera bambancin. Ya aka ƙãra matsayin draftsman, sassaƙa da kuma zane-zane. A daidai wannan lokaci da engraving da kuma zane daukan shi, wani lokaci ma rawar da haddasa. Fiye da 900 zanen gado na al'adunmu yana Dürer-zane. Bisa ga iri-iri da kuma vastness na shi za a iya kwatanta kawai da ayyukan Leonardo Vinci. A fili, da zanen shi ne wani ɓangare na rayuwar yau da kullum na master. Dürer daidai ƙware duk mai hoto dabaru na lokaci - daga ci, watercolor, fensir don Italian kara alƙalami da azurfa fil. Amma ga Italian Masters, zane ya zama wani muhimmin mataki don Durer compositing. Wannan mataki hada Studi, da almara na shugabannin, kafafu, hannaye, draperies.

Domin Durer zane da aka da kayan aiki tare da wanda ya yi karatu da halayyar iri - Nuremberg fashionistas, da ado, bayin da kuma manoma. Mabayyani aiki Albrehta Dyurera - Watercolor Masters "Hare" (hoton sama) da kuma "yanki A na tushensa." Suna sanya tare da chilly detachment da irin tsanani da zai iya zama misalai na kimiyya lambobin.

jerin shimfidar

A farko gagarumin aiki na master ne jerin shimfidar wurare na 1494-95 shekaru. Wadannan ayyukan Albrehta Dyurera kashe a watercolor da gouache a lokacin da yake tafiya zuwa Italiya. Su ne a hankali daidaita, tsara abun da ke ciki na sarari da tsare-tsaren smoothly alternating tare da juna. Wadannan ayyukan Albrehta Dyurera ne na farko a tarihin Turai art "m" shimfidar.

"Kirsimeti", "girmama da Magi", "Adamu da Hauwa'u"

Clear m yanayi, da bege na marubucin don wani jitu ma'auni na kari da kuma siffofi - Waɗannan su ne halayyar fasali na art da Durer daga marigayi 15th karni zuwa farkon na biyu shekaru goma na 16th karni. Wannan shi ne bagaden "Kirsimeti", sanya a kusa da 1498, da kuma game da da 1504 aikin "girmama da Magi," a cikin abin da Dürer kawo tare da wani rukuni na uku Magi da Madonna santsi silhouettes, a kwantar da hankula madauwari kari kuma baka motif, maimaita sau da yawa a cikin gine-gine da ado. A cikin 1500s daya daga cikin manyan jigogi na kerawa Albrecht zama da marmarin samun manufa rabbai na jikin mutum. Ya nemi asirin su ba, da jawo tsirara mace da namiji Figures. Ka lura da cewa shi ne na farko a Jamus, Albrecht soma nazarin tsirara. Wadannan bincike da aka takaita a wani 1504 engraving "Adamu da Hauwa'u", kazalika da a aiwatar game da 1507, manyan eponymous wasan kwaikwayo diptych.

"Girmama na Triniti" da "Biki na rosary"

A mafi wuya aiki, harmonically umurni da pictorial qagaggun daga da dama Figures kashe a cikin shekaru na m balaga Albrecht Dürer. Sananne ayyukan da ya hada da kafa a 1506 "Celebration na beads", a 1511 - "The girmama Triniti Mai Tsarki." "Biki na rosary" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da ayyuka da Dürer (161.5 x 192 cm). Bugu da kari, shi ne daya daga cikin manyan irin murya alamu. Aiki kusa da art na Italian Masters, ba kawai da dalilinsa, amma kuma su lamarinsa polnozvuchiem paints plethora na images (mafi yawa hotuna), da ma'auni qagaggun, da fāɗin da rubuce-rubuce. A hoto mai taken "girmama na Triniti", wakiltar wani kananan aikin bagaden, rhythmic semicircles cewa resonate da wani arched kammala bagaden a hade iyo a cikin sama malã'iku Fathers kuma tsarki rundunar. Wannan abin kwaikwaya yayi kama da "jayayya" da Raphael.

farkon hotuna

Ba tare da hotuna wuya su yi tunanin aikin Albrehta Dyurera. Hoto da shi a cikin wannan salo ne da yawa, da ban sha'awa sosai. Albrecht ne riga a cikin farkon aikin, yi game da 1499 (Vertical na dokokin Oswald Krell) presents kafa master. Ya daidai ake bayyana ciki makamashi model, musamman da suka bambanta da hali. The musamman da suka bambanta Albrehta Dyurera ta'allaka ne da cewa kai-hoto ne shugaba a cikin farkon lokacin da ya hoto aiki. Back a 1484, da ya halitta a jawo azurfa fil, gabatar a baya a wannan labarin. Ga Albrecht siffanta 13-yaro mai shekara. Riga a lokacin hannunka Durer jagoranci dirka zuwa kai-da ilmi, wanda aka kara raya a cikin ta farko uku daga cikin zane-zane-hotuna. Muna magana ne game da aikin 1493 a 1498 da kuma 1500 ta. A karshen aikin (photo shi ne ya wakilci a sama) ya nuna Albrecht tsananin daga gaban. Firam da karamin gemu da kuma dogon gashi da ya dama fuska tuna mana siffar Almasihu Pantocrator.

zana rubutu

Creativity Albrehta Dyurera (1471-1528) ne ban sha'awa a cewa ya za'ayi kwafi daidai da kyau a kan tagulla da kuma a kan itacen. Albrecht juya engraving bayan Schongauer, daya daga cikin manyan zane-zane. A cikin ayyukan Dürer ya nuna m, m ruhun m yanayi, kazalika da ban mamaki halin kirki rikice-rikice da cewa damu da shi. A kaifi bambanci ga bayyanannu, kuma m farkon picturesque ayyukan master ya riga ya zama na farko da manyan sikelin-mai hoto jerin, wanda ya ƙunshi 15 zana rubutu a kan jigo na Apocalypse. Wadannan ayyuka suna da za'ayi a kan wani itace Albrecht halitta a 1498. Durer zana rubutu a su da yawa fiye da zane-zane, ta dogara ne a kan Jamus hadisin. Sun bayyana a cikin kusurwa tsanani, kaifi ƙungiyoyi, overexpression images kari swirling, m BREAKING Lines da folds. Hoton na Fortune copperplate engraving "Nemesis", game da farkon 1500 ta., Shin wani karaya hali. Wannan bugu na daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyuka da Dürer.

"Rayuwa na Virgin", "Great Passion" da kuma "Kananan Passion"

. A cikin hoto sake zagayowar "Life of Mary", halitta game 1502-05 shekaru, shahararren marubuci ta sha'awa a cikin bayani da Genre, kazalika da wani yawa na details - siffofi na hali na Jamus art hadisin. Wannan hoto jerin ne mafi bayyanannu, kuma m yanayi. Biyu sauran duqufar so na Almasihu, halin da ban mamaki magana. An sanya daga wata itãciya "Great Passion" (game 1498-1510 gg.), Kazalika da biyu jerin zana rubutu a kan jan "Kananan Passion" (shekaru na halitta - 1507-13 da 1509-11). Wadannan ayyuka da Dürer shi ne mafi shahara daga Sahaban.

Triptych 1513-1514 gg.

Engraving 1513 "Knight, Mutuwa kuma Iblis", kazalika da biyu ayyukan shekarar 1514 ( "Hieronymus a cell" da "melancholy") taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Albrecht al'adunmu. Sun samar da wani irin triptych. Wadannan ayyuka suna kashe tare da wani maigida virtuoso subtlety. Suna bambanta da wani m alama taro da conciseness. A fili, Dürer ba ta yi ciki don ƙirƙirar su kamar yadda guda sake zagayowar. Duk da haka, aikin hadawa da halin kirki da kuma falsafa abubuwan, sosai hadaddun (fassarar shi kishin mai yawa aiki a yau). A fili, da rubutun "Manual na Kirista warrior" E. Rotterdam aka yi wahayi zuwa da siffar wani tsakiyar-shekaru marubucin abar jarumi, wanda aka motsi zuwa wani unknown manufa, ko da kuwa Iblis, wadannan a kan dugadugansa, kazalika da mutuwa barazana. Warrior da aka gabatar da wani m daji shimfidar wuri. Shi ne ba ko da yaushe sauki gane aikin Albrehta Dyurera. Takaitacciyar waccan mujalla da muka rubutun yana da muhimmanci ga fahimtar da warrior image.

Saint Jerome (hoton sama), wanda ya tafi zuwa duk kimiyya karatu, ne personification na contemplative rayuwa da kuma ruhaniya introspection. A majestic winged melancholy, na nutsa cikin tunani ciki, ya gabatar kan backdrop na wani m tari na azumi mai ɓuɓɓuga lokaci haruffa da kuma Sciences, kayayyakin aiki na cinikayya.

A mafi yawa ana fassara a matsayin personification na m m adam ruhu. Lura cewa Renaissance tausaya wajama'a samu a cikin mutane tare da wani melancholy halin, "allahntaka kamu da wani ra'ayi" baiwa, rungumi kerawa. Saboda haka, muna iya cewa a cikin general Trend ne kerawa, da kuma Albrehta Dyurera. Kuma a takaice faye hali ya daga baya aiki.

daga baya ayyukan

Dürer bayan shekarar 1514 ya yi aiki a kotun na Maximilian I (gabatar sama da hoto, sanya ta Albrecht). A wannan lokaci ya yi da yawa hukuma umarni Albrecht Dürer. Works halitta da su, bukatar da yawa fasaha, amma mafi lokaci-cinyewa na su aka fentin lithography, yi a kan 192 allon. Wannan aiki da aka kira "Arch of Maximilian I". An samar da aiki, fãce Durer, wani babban rukuni na artists. Bayan da tafiya zuwa Netherlands, yi a 1520-21 shekaru., Daga Albrecht fara wani sabon m turu. A wannan lokaci, a rundunar gudun hijira almara. Bugu da kari, wani yawan lafiya mai hoto hotuna da aka bayansa da samfurin Albrehta Dyurera. Lissafa su a matsayin haka: yi a 1520 tare da ci , "Erazm Rotterdamsky", kazalika da aikin a 1521, "Lucas van Leyden" (ya sa azurfa fensir), "Agnes Dürer", halittar wadda amfani da karfe itace, da sauransu.

Hotuna na 1520s

Hoto a cikin 1520s zama wata babbar Genre a cikin ayyukan Dürer. A wannan lokaci, da image halitta a cikin engraving a kan jan shahararren tausaya wajama'a ya lokaci Albrecht Dürer. Major aiki kamar haka: a 1526 - Vertical Filippa Melanhtona, a 1524 - Willibald Pirkheyma a 1526 - Erasmus. A zanen bayyana a cikin 1521 "Vertical wani saurayi" a 1524 - "Vertical na wani Man," a 1526 - "Jerome Holtsshuer" da kuma sauran ayyuka. Wadannan kananan ayyuka suna bambanta da impeccable abun da ke ciki, na gargajiya kamala, minted silhouettes. Suna spectacularly wuya contours babbar karammiski beret ko fadi-brimmed huluna. A compositional cibiyar na wadannan ayyuka - fuskar, wannan kusa-up, don ƙirƙirar wani dabara mi} a haske da launi. A wani kawai m gyara man fuska magana, a cikin idanunsa fadi-bude idanu, a cikin shaci dan kadan mai lankwasa a cikin wani murmushi ko rabin-bude lebe, cheekbones a wani kuzari adadi da kuma motsi ɓata fuska iya ganin burbushi na wani tsanani rai na ruhaniya. Bude Albrecht a cikin Sahaban Ya ɗaure a kan zama babban sikelin a diptych "Hudu Manzanni" (hoton da ke ƙasa), da karshe master of zane-zane (1525). Yana da aka rubuta domin Nuremberg Dürer Hall. Gabatar da babbar Figures bishara Mark, Manzanni Paul, Bitrus da Yahaya, wanda ya wakilci, bisa ga ubangijinsa Sahaban, 4 temperaments.

Irfanin aiki, da darajar da kerawa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Albrecht ta wallafa msar tambayar aiki: shiriya a kan aunawa m da kamfas (a 1525), don ƙarfafa mata kagarai, gidãje da biranen (a 1527), da kuma a 1528 ya wallafa wani aikin "Hudu littattafai a kan mutum shi ƙaddarãwa." Albrecht Dürer, da kerawa da kuma makomar abin da muka gani, ta shige a Nuremberg Afrilu 6, 1528

Dürer karfi da tasiri ga cigaban da dukan da Jamusanci art na farko da rabi na 16th karni. Ya zana rubutu da kuma Italiya dadin wata babbar nasara - ko da bayar da su karya ne. Mutane da yawa Italian artists sun samu tasiri na ta aikin, ciki har da Pordenone da Pontormo.