A tarihin akwai gilashi a Rasha da kuma a duniya. Ma'adanin na yin akwai gilashi

The kalmar "akwai gilashi" da aka fassara daga Latin matsayin "gilashin". Ya aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi ladabi da kuma musamman iri iri na art, arziki a cikin tarihi da kuma yi dabaru. A takaice dai tarihin asalin akwai gilashi zai gaya masu karatu a cikin labarin.

Fage na akwai gilashi

Malam, gaya labarin akwai gilashi yara a cikin aji, a fara da tushen Sanadin ta asali. Fitowan na farko wayewar hade da yawa binciken. A sa'an nan, kuma ya fara nuna gilashi. A tsawon lokaci, na koyi yi da shi m da kuma amfani da su yi ado daban-daban abubuwa. Kowane al'ada da ta nasu musamman yin amfani da irin wannan tabarau:

• Sumerians qawata rufi na su a ɗakin.
• Masarawa da kuma karkace rauni gilashin sanya daga gare canza launin tasoshin.
• A Romawa da Girkawa suka kwararru a samar da kayayyakin gargajiya vases da kofuna waɗanda tare da ado sassaka da kuri'a na kayan ado.

Duk wadannan binciken nema a mayar da farkon na biyu Millennium BC. Kawai bayan shekara dubu da Suriyawa suka koya don busa gilashi, kuma wannan ya ba Yunƙurin ga tarihin akwai gilashi ci gaba.

Bayyanar da farko akwai gilashi

A tarihin bayyanar akwai gilashi ba alama ainihin ranar. Amma mu sani cewa a cikin Kirista zamanin zama na farko da ya yi amfani da launin gilashin ga yi na sauki hotuna. Yana tare da putty aka saka a kan wani jirgin ko ado windows. Kuma tare da zuwan na farko Ibada na ci gaba sun samu Byzantine akwai gilashi. Laudatory waqe da kwatancin gilashin qagaggun sun rare kasida da na huɗu ko biyar a karni. A wancan lokaci, akwai gilashi a haɗe allahntaka muhimmanci, da kuma hasken wucewa ta hanyar su aka kwatanta da Rũhi mai tsarki.

Tarihi na ci gaba

Abin baƙin ciki, mu lokaci, kuma ba kai karni na goma akwai gilashi windows a kan dukan jihar. Su za a iya hukunta daga sauran, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da kuma rikodin na kasida. Amma a nan gaba da wannan irin art an yadada da kuma ci gaba ga dukan ƙasashe. Bari mu bincika labarin asalin stained-gilashi windows, canji styles da fasaha a kowace zamanin.

Romanesque akwai gilashi

A labarin da akwai gilashi gaya mana cewa romance fito a cikin goma sha ɗaya karni, kuma suka kasance har yanzu dacewa a karni. Sun zama na farko da classic stained-gilashi windows, da siffar da aka kafa daga guda na canza launin gilashin da profile na karfe.

Features Romanesque akwai gilashi:

• iya iya su, ba duk na babban kudin, tun da narkewa da kuma gilashin hurawa dabara ya wuya sosai da kuma lokacin cinyewa.
• akwai wasu Masters, na sayen bakin ciki gilashi zanen gado da kuma kwararru a kai tsaye zane alamu cewa ya karu da ingancin Romanesque stained-gilashi windows.
• don samar da guda panel dauki fiye da dari daban-daban guda kowane ciwon siffar da launi.
• akwai gilashi wannan lokaci ne halin da lahani kamar blistering, m, abrasions, amma wannan ba ya ganimar su bayyanar, da kuma sa su musamman da kuma kyakkyawa a kansa hanya.

Farms Manufacturing Romanesque akwai gilashi:

• don fara da master dauki katako surface, kuma ta adadi kayyade masa nan gaba fitacciyar.
• to, kõwane kashi na juna zaba nunin faifai (siffar da size).
• taragutsan da aka amfani da su da ake so irin zanen fenti bayan kora a wani gini a ƙarfafa juna.
• mosaicking faru a dukan image da yin amfani da kunkuntar casements gubar.
• a matsayin windows a cikin waɗannan kwanaki sun kasance manyan (game da shida mita), domin mafi girma ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na ya fi girma abun da ke ciki kunsa da dama karami bangarori.

Masterpieces na Romanesque zamanin:

• Almasihu da shugaban Veyssemburgskogo Abbey Alsace.
• wani abun da ke ciki na hudu Tsohon Alkawari annabawa a Augsburg Cathedral.
• "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama Almasihu" a cikin Augsburg Cathedral.
• "The Crucifixion kuma iyãma" a kan windows daga cikin babban coci a Poitiers.
• uku stained-gilashin taga Triniti Mai Tsarki a cikin babban coci a Chartres.

Gothic akwai gilashi

A tarihin akwai gilashi (Gothic) ta samo asali ne 1144. Mazaunin Sergius a lokacin shiri na coci a Saint-Denis, cike da dama a tsaye taga medallions. Babban bambancin daga Romanesque style of abun da ke ciki shi ne cewa a cikin kowane medallion bayyana wani muhimmin lokaci a tarihi.

Features na Gothic stained-gilashi windows:

• a Cathedrals fara kara yawan windows to su rajista a cikin Gothic style.
• Wannan gine ya sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa da kuma aka ci gaba a Ingila da kuma Faransa.
• akwai gilashi karshe lokaci ya ba da haikali na gloom, hade da mugunta, da kuma a lokaci guda na girma na ibada, a kewaye a cikin wani yawa na haske; wannan rabo ya m, kuma Muka ɗauke da wani sufi ma'anar;
• ƙarshe cikakken launi ja da blue aka hankali maye gurbinsu da m, to gudanar a ciki kamar yadda zai yiwu haske.
• canza da kuma iri taga takware.
• France ƙirƙira wani sabon dabara na bayani - grisaille, wanda jigon ya ta'allaka ne da cewa haske, annuri akwai gilashi sanya a cikin wani duhu ƙato yankunan, bar su lighting. a kan lokaci, da yawan dabaru na wannan salon ya zama ko da more.

Mafi shahara akwai gilashi windows, sanya a cikin classic Gothic style, dake a cikin babban coci a Chartres. Wannan shi ne mai sauki gano jituwa tsakanin majestic windows, ciki gine da ciki sarari ra'ayi. A kwarara daga wani babban yawan haskoki a cikin duhu, duhun kuwa ba wani mai ban mamaki da kuma m sakamako - wannan ne kyakkyawa da Gothic. Har ila yau, a cikin babban coci akwai wani peculiarity wanda daga baya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya - An wani taga a kan wani Latin giciye juna. Sun gabatar da rai na Virgin. Kuma a cikin windows, kwasfansu siffanta da Almasihu da kuma Budurwa Maryamu.

Akwai gilashi windows na Renaissance

Wani sabon kalaman na al'adu, ciki har da gine-gine, ya tsokani wannan masifu da suka faru a matsayin yaki da annoba. By da karni na sha biyar, mutane sun tsaya a saka coci da fari da kuma ya tafi wani wadanda mutane hanyarsa ta rayuwa. An sosai rinjayi kara raya akwai gilashi.

Features stained-gilashi windows na Renaissance:

• da rundunar inganta dabarun aiki tare da gilashi.
• An quite ira wata azurfa tabo, muhimmanci karu da matakin na generated hotuna.
• launuka suna amfani kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙarau, yana yiwuwa a samu wani iri-iri na sabon abu tabarau.
• images duba more voluminous da haske;
• Faransa da Italiya ne babban cibiyoyin samar da stained-gilashi windows.
• a Vogue medallions, ba fiye da talatin da santimita, sun zama alamu na zamanin.

Misalai na Renaissance stained:

• taga Florence Cathedral ta Italian Masters.
• windows sufi a Kenigsfeldene.
• stained-gilashi windows a cikin ɗakin sujada Besserer a Ulm Minster.

Stained High Renaissance

Har karni na sha shida akwai gilashi master samar da gargajiya makirci har akwai irin wannan Masters a matsayin Raphael, Leonardo Vinci, Michelangelo. Suna da wani babban tasiri a kan duniya al'adu, ciki har da tarihi na ma'adanin na akwai gilashi a Rasha.

Features stained-gilashi windows na High Renaissance:

• tun da mafi yawan Masters akwai gilashi sun Italiya, sai suka kasance marubuta daga cikin sabon halin.
• art na epoch hada da labarun almara na Turai abubuwa na ado da kuma ƙato hakkinSa.
• Yana da aka ɓullo da wani sabon gilashin aiki da inji, yi da shi mafi m da kuma bayyana.
• Baya ga azurfa, kuma ƙirƙira da ja etchant.
• Jagora fara fi son launi makirci, kuma ba su karkatar da siffofin da hotuna na nishaɗi.
• takware a cikin windows widened har ma fiye da kuma kai gigantic rabbai.

Wani misali na stained-gilashi windows na High Renaissance:

• "Tree Yesse" a Beauvais.
• da babbar windows na Cathedral of Brussels.
• "Fitar Heliodorus daga Haikalin Ubangiji" a cikin babban coci a Gouda.

Karni na sha shida ne dauke da karshe a cikin Firayim na akwai gilashi a tsakiyar zamanai. Bugu da ari, yi na gilashi fasaha da kuma zane alamu sun zama sosai m ci gaba. A karni na ashirin da babban tasiri a kan hanyoyin da Zayyana stained.

Tarihi bayyanar akwai gilashi a Rasha

Rasha akwai gilashi bai wanzu har karni na sha tara. Kawai arziki mutane za su iya ji dadin kawo daga kasashen waje Masterpieces. The abu ne cewa, Ikklisiyoyi da kuma Cathedrals ba a hada akwai gilashi, da kuma al'adu a matsayin dukan shi ne ba a bukatar wannan form na art. Sun bayyana da kuma nan da nan tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa ta hanyar ayyukan Turai Masters.

A tarihin akwai gilashi a Rasha:

• XVII karni - na farko bayyanar akwai gilashi.
• XVIII karni - da stagnation a cikin ci gaban da ba riba.
• farko na XIX karni - a hankali a hankali shigar azzakari cikin farji na hotuna sanya na launin gilashin, a Rasha al'ada.
• tsakiyar XIX karni - da aiki da yin amfani da akwai gilashi. Sarkin sarakuna da kuma sauran m mutane sun soma da Turai fashion da kuma fara amfani da su yi ado da kadarori. An sa'an nan stained da majami'u.
• ƙarshen XIX karni - gina yawa nazarinsa a kan m fasaha, kazalika da zanen da makaranta azuzuwan.
• na farko da rabi na XX karni - akwai gilashi art fara samun koma baya saboda da nau'i nau'i na Art Nouveau, kuma daga baya saboda barkewar yakin duniya na biyu.
• tsakiyar XX karni - akwai gilashi Tarurrukan na Soviet al'adu, zai yi na musamman da samfurin, daban-daban daga baya zane-zane ta asali da shubuha.

Famous Rasha akwai gilashi windows:

• akwai gilashi ado na St. Alexander Nevsky Church.
• Chapel a Tsarskoye Selo.
• A Rasha Kasa Society a St. Petersburg.
• "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama Almasihu" St. Ishaku Cathedral.

Akwai gilashi: Past da kuma Present

Bayan dauke da tarihi gefen jinsunan stained a lokuta daban-daban, na yi amfani da su jũya zuwa ga zamani art. Akwai gilashi windows mu lokaci can domin ya ba da sarari na musamman kyau da kuma style. A yawa na gilashi-yin dabaru, ci gaban da zane da kuma fashion sun zama key lokacin da fitowan da sabon irin art.

Modern iri akwai gilashi:

• Sandblast stained - gilashi abun da ke ciki, sanya a cikin ayukan iska mai ƙarfi da dabara da kuma hade audio na kowa theme. Sanya a kan dukan surface, yawanci a daya launi.
• Mosaic akwai gilashi - aka yi sama da barbashi game da wannan size, kama wani mosaic. Yana iya zama bango ko foreground image.
• Inlaid akwai gilashi - hoto halitta daga mutum guda na gilashi so siffar da launi, yawanci ba tare da wani tarawa.
• Fusing - gilashi, wadda abun da ke ciki ne aka tattara, ana sintered da juna a matsayin ciki. Ko da a cikin irin wannan hada vpekanie wasu kasashen waje abubuwa a karshe image.
• Priming stained - kunshi gilashi mai rufi tare da wani kwane-kwane image ciki. Kowane daki-daki mai cike da musamman fenti ko varnish.
• Etched stained - a sa na tabarau kerarre ta hanyar etching fasahar da juna guda ma'anar.
• Soldering akwai gilashi - aka yi sama da canza launin gilashin gyarawa a wani gubar firam da kuma shãfe haske a gidajen abinci. The mafi m, wanda ya kai har daga tsakiyar zamanai.
• Facet stained - An taru amfani da gilashi, tare da fuskoki dabam-dabam wadda aka a baya a cire. Wani zabin - ne da yin amfani da kasa da kuma goge gilashin.
• Hada akwai gilashi - abun da ke ciki, lokaci guda kunsawa nau'i nau'i akwai gilashi. Wannan dabara taimaka wajen cimma ban mamaki sakamakon, don yin wani gaske asali Masterpieces.

Tiffany akwai gilashi

Lewis Tiffany shi ne ya kafa nasa salon da dabara na samar da akwai gilashi, wanda ya zama m duk faɗin duniya. Shi ne mai matukar dogon lokaci na aiki a kan zabin da kayan, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - a kan hanyoyin da za a gyara da gilashin, kamar yadda ta na da hanyoyin da ake ba dace. Abin da ya faru a kan sakamakon wadannan ayyuka, gaba daya rufe da soldering akwai gilashi. Saboda haka abin da ke daban-daban game da wannan dabara ne daga wasu kuma me ya sa a cikin tarihi na Tiffany akwai gilashi windows suna daga cikin mafi babbar, dauki kusa look.

Features Tiffany-style:

1. Color. Haske ya kasance kullum mai da muhimmanci sosai rarrabẽwa ga Lyuisa Tiffani lõkacin da aiki tare akwai gilashi. Ya yi kokarin cimma mafi girma zai yiwu richness da asali a cikin yin amfani da launuka. Wani lokaci Jagora blended launuka, kuma wani lokacin sa daya (ko ma da dama) gilashi a saman da sauran.
2. Abu. Quality - da cewa shi ne hallmark na m data akwai gilashi. Kafin fara akwai gilashi ne ko da yaushe shige tsaurara gwaji, dole ne su zama marasa lahani da kuma uniform irin zane.
3. Da labarun almara. The master ayyukan kasance haka nagartaccen, hadaddun, cike da cikakken bayani kuma launuka da cewa su sukan idan aka kwatanta da zanen.
4. Technology. Connection tsakanin gilashin faru ta cikin jan tsiri. Tun da ta kasance ya fi girma fiye da gilashin da kanta, da tef aka folded a gefen, a wani kwana na casa'in digiri. Gama abubuwa ne juna da kuma amfani da su tin patina.
5. Babban kudin. Irin wannan aiki ne tsada sosai, kuma za a iya samu a zaman collections, Birtaniya da kuma Amirka gidajen tarihi da kuma Cathedrals.

Gab da mutuwarsa, Lewis (1933), ya kamfanin rufe, amma har yanzu da Tiffany dabara aka dauke su daya daga cikin mafi kyau, da kuma aiki - a fitacciyar art.