Flatworms: general halaye da kuma tsarin

Daban-daban azuzuwan kamar lebur tsutsotsi ne na girma kimiyya sha'awa. Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai cewa wadannan kwayoyin masu ban sha'awa a kansu. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu kuma matukar hatsari. Flukes da tapeworms - biyu kungiyoyin na parasitic dabbobi da cewa sau da yawa sa mai tsanani mutum cutar da kuma dabbobi. Wadannan Dabbobi da ake hada a cikin daya kungiyar tare da free-rai Turbellaria - wani irin Plathelminthes (flatworms). Janar halaye na su aka gabatar a wannan labarin. A mafi kyau da aka sani daga cikinsu shi ne parasitic siffofin, wanda ba wani cikakken misali na canzawar ƙarnõni halayyar wani parasitic salon. Our faye hali na da irin flatworms fara da tsarin fasali na wadannan kwayoyin.

Avilable flatworms

Domin flukes hankula gaban hooks da kuma suckers, hadaddun haihuwa tsarin da kuma rage hankula. A tapeworm segments suna hana ko na hanji, saboda sun rayu a shirye-da-ci abinci. Da gaske, da waɗannan dabbobi wakiltar kawai jakar cike da qwai. Pretty sauki tsarin dangane da hadin fasali da flatworms. Janar halaye shi ne: dama da hagu halves na jiki ne kamar madubi. Free-rai flatworms da flattened jiki da kuma siffar daya kawai rami a hanji - bakinsa. Sistem sakulasan tsarin, wadannan kwayoyin suna hana. Mun gaya game da farko free-rayayyun jinsuna, ta kwatanta irin flatworms. Janar halaye na su ana gabatar a kasa.

Free-rai flatworms: abinci mai gina jiki, motsi da kuma saki na

Ectoderm da indodem, halayyar coelenterates, flatworms rabu da wani uku cell Layer - mesodam daga wanda ci gaba tsoka da nama da kuma al'aurar. Bayyanar da sashin jiki da tsarin - wani m mataki a gaba a kwatanta da kungiyar coelenterates. Mai free-rai flatworms - na cikin ruwa kwayoyin. Su matsawa ta wajen ciliary tsoka ƙanƙancewa ko ƙungiyoyi da cewa rufe jikinsu. Carnivorous flatworms amfani a lokacin da ciyar da makogwaro (sashin jiki a haɗa da bakinka da hanji) suna guga man zuwa ta samar da saboda tsoka contractions tsage guda na abinci, to, wanda aka ciyar a cikin hanji. Undigested abinci sharan baya cikin makogwaro da aka fitad.

Flatworms, tsarin da muka taƙaice sake nazari, - na farko rukuni na dabbobi a cikinsa akwai wani real excretory tsarin. An wakilta biyu excretory ducts ha "bira Kwayoyin" da kuma bude a raya karshen na jiki excretory pores. "Mabiyin Kwayoyin" samu da sunan da saboda kullum fluctuating cikin su daure na cilia, wanda tsara ruwa balance.

Mun bayar da ku don samun matsahi na saba da mutum wakilin irin flatworms. Janar halaye da kuma wani photo na shi ya taimake ka gabatar da wannan ban sha'awa kwayoyin.

Procerodeslittoralis

Free-flatworm Procerodeslittoralis ya kai wani tsawon na 2 cm da zaune a kan stony teku ƙasar. A nasa ne a aji na Turbellaria, mafi mambobi daga waxanda suke cikin ruwa salon. Ribbon-dimbin yawa jiki da ke sa shi sauki yaxuwa oxygen da kuma karshen kayayyakin da metabolism, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga dabba, kuma a hana jijiyoyi. Irin wannan ne ta janar halaye. Type flatworms ci gaba da la'akari da za a description na juyayi da nama da kuma na gani gabobin.

Jijiya nama, na gani gabobin da free tsutsotsi

A jari na jijiya nama a gaban ƙarshen lebur jiki na tsutsa Forms da kwakwalwa, wanda suke da jijiya igiyoyinsu na biyu m idanu. Duk da haka, mafi flatworms zai kawar da haske da kuma ya sami abinci ta amfani da chemoreceptors. A cikin gwaje-gwajen, su da sauri da amsa zuwa ga kawo wannan nacewar kamshin abinci a cikin ruwa.

Ciliated flatworms da wadannan tsarin. Su fito da idãnu suna located a kai karshen na jiki, a kan kwakwalwa, daga abin da kara a biyu daga jijiya igiyoyinsu. Makogwaro, iya juya daga cikin, yana buɗewa a cikin sashe hanji. All iri - dauke da lalurar mata, da ciwon biyu ovaries kuma testes. Al'aura bude take kaiwa cikin al'aura cloaca, wanda shi ne copulatory sashin jiki. Wucewa ta cikin oviduct, da kwai abinci vitellaria secretions.

Flatworms-flukes: salon

A sauki nau'i na parasitism - .. Ectoparasitism, watau rayuwa a cikin matsanancin inuwõyi na rundunar. Wasu flukes rike shi har. Alal misali, Gyrodactylus a haɗe via tsotsa kofuna da kuma hooks da gills na kifi, a cikin abin da yake ci. Amma ga wani mutum ne mafi muhimmanci ciki parasitic flukes kamar Schistosoma (hoton da ke ƙasa), wanda ya haddasa schistosomiasis, da kuma hanta fluke (Fasciola), yawanci rinjayar da bile ducts da kumfa tumaki.

Parasitic a cikin mutum adult jini flukes na biyu mata da maza rayuwa a cikin jini daga cikin hanji, haddasa kumburi da ciki zub da jini. A qwai ake excreted via cikin mafitsara ko hanji, da kuma, sau daya a cikin ruwa, ba mai free-iyo larvae, wanda ke shiga cikin cochlear nama. A cikin shakka daga kara ci gaba da akwai sauran larvae cewa fada cikin ruwa da kuma harba mutane intruding cikin jini ta hanyar fata.

Hanta fluke m a cikin bile ducts da kuma mafitsara shanu da tumaki. Ta sosai m: samar da fiye da 40 000 qwai, wanda bar rundunar tare da tumbi. Qwai ne free-iyo larvae da kuma fada cikin wani tsaka-tsaki mai gida - ruwa tare mollusks. Bayan jerin matakai bayyana caudate kankanin semblance adult fluke, da ke ta wurin jikin bango na kilam fita, hawa da kara a shuka, kuma ya kasance a can har shi ba zai ci tumaki.

Bukatun na ciki parasites ne fairly sauki. Saboda haka, su locomotor da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin, kazalika da hukumomin rage hankula. A jima'i tsarin ne mafi alhẽri ci gaba, don tabbatar da cewa akalla wasu daga cikin zurriyarsu taron tare da sabon mai shi. Saboda haka, duk haihuwa gabobin da trematodes yawanci quite m da kuma babban adadin jam sel aka kafa a gare su. Ko da 99% na zuriya za mutu, sauran iya tsira, gano wani sabon owner.

rundunar jinsunan

The dabba, wanda parasitize adult fluke, da ake kira "karshe" master. Don sauƙaƙe miƙa mulki na m daga daya rundunar zuwa wani karshe, akwai daya ko fiye tsaka-tsaki. Schistosoma yana amfani da daya kawai matsakaici rundunar. Amma kasar Sin hanta fluke (Clonorchis, gabatar a cikin hoto sama) - biyu: Shellfish da kuma kifi. Matsakaiciyar rundunar kwayoyin m wuce musamman larval mataki, a lokacin da qara da ƙarfi ta sake yiwuwar tohowarsu.

salon tapeworms

A tapeworms kara simplification na halitta na jiki da aka kiyaye. Narkewa kamar tsarin ne ba samuwa, tun da m, na nutsa cikin rabin-narkewar abinda ke ciki na rundunar ta hanji, iya kawai sha abubuwa yana bukatar. By mai shi daga cikin tsutsa a haɗe kai, dauke da makamai hooks da kuma suckers. Sauran jiki ne kawai a jerin mutum segments, ko proglottids, wanda aka kafa a cikin sama rabo daga cikin bel da yardar kaina dakatar a cikin hanji lumen na rundunar.

Fãce excretory tubules da jijiya igiya, tapeworm segments ne, a hakika, gabobin da haifuwa. Seminiferous tubules branched kwarara cikin ejaculatory bututu, wanda, tare da farji ya buɗe al'aura bude. Qwai daga gidan kwai, an kawota tare da harsashi gland shine yake secretions da vitellarium. A qwai da aka adana a cikin mahaifa.

tapeworm matakai na raya kasa

Hadu qwai tapeworms sanye take da gwaiduwa da kuma kewaye da wani m daina kai hare hare, tara a cikin mahaifa tsutsa. Balagagge segments kuma ware tare da rundunar tumbi ake excreted. Kamar flukes, tapeworms da daya ko fiye matsakaici Runduna. Alal misali, m tapeworm (Diphyllobothriumlatum), abin da ke faruwa a cikin mutum hanji, karnuka da Cats da kuma isa wani tsawon fiye da 9 m, biyu matsakaici rundunar, a naman alade tapeworm (Taenia solium) - daya.

A sake zagayowar na ci gaba m tapeworm

Halaye flatworm jinsunan m tapeworm (hoton sama) kamar haka. Yana yana da biyu matsakaici Runduna - Cyclops da kuma daya daga cikin mutane da yawa ruwa tare kifi a Turai, da Amurka da kuma Far East. A adult tsutsa zaune a cikin mutum hanji kuma zai iya kai mitoci da dama a tsawon. Terminal segments balle kuma fito da tumbi, kawo zuwa miliyan 13 qwai. kullum. The ruwa daga kwai tayi hatches, wanda ya ci Cyclops. Yana tayi tasowa farko tsutsa. Idan Cyclops ci kifi, forming na biyu tsutsa, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nama da kifi. Idan wannan gurbata da inadequately dafa kifi ci mutane, ta aka saki. Amfani da kankanin hooks, da tsutsa dora a kan garun da hanji na mutum da kuma ga 3 makonni jũya a cikin balagaggu form. A sake zagayowar an maimaita.

A sake zagayowar na ci gaba naman alade tapeworm

A karshe, an kira ku zuwa ga ƙunshi flatworm wani nau'in. Ka yi la'akari da ci gaban sake zagayowar na naman alade tapeworm. Kwai shi, haskaka da waje da tumbi mutum za ta ci gaba da kara kawai idan fall a alade hanji, inda narkewa kamar juices soke da harsashi qwai da zai sa wani tayi, dauke da makamai shida hooks. Ya soki Gut bango da kuma fada a cikin jini, ta hanyar da samun da tsokoki. Ga ya encysted samar da wata kumfa-Finn, kuma ya zauna a wancan mataki har da kamuwa da nama ba ci mutane. Kuma da m rayuwa sake zagayowar sake.

Saboda haka, mun taƙaice dauke ban sha'awa mana kwayoyin, ba su janar halaye. Type flatworms kai da yawa mutum matsaloli, haka masana kimiyya ne masu tasowa sabon hanyoyin da za a magance su.