Fine Art of Islam

Arts Musulunci - shi ne mai irin art, musamman a kasashen da addinin jihar ya Musulunci. A ta babban fasali, shi ya haifar a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai. A sa'an nan da kasashen Larabawa da kuma yankuna inda Musulunci da aka haife sanya wata babbar gudummawa ga duniya wayewa. A musamman roko na Musulunci art, ta asali da kuma hadisai sun iya samun shi zuwa tafi bayan lokaci da kuma sarari da kuma zama wani ɓangare na duniya al'adunmu.

labarin

Al'adar Musulunci ya fito a matsayin sabon abu a cikin ƙarni na bakwai AD. Amma da ka'idodin addini kayyade ta ilimin tauhidi kuma mafi yawa ya fito daga fassarar Attaura haramta images of halittu masu rai. Ko mafi tsanani dokoki da abin ya shafa ba shi yiwuwa a yi a wani zanen ko sassaka na Allah (Allah). Saboda haka, a lokacin da wannan addini yada daga cikin larabawa da hamada zuwa gabas, har zuwa India, da kuma fuskantar da gida da al'adu, shi ne na farko bi da su da rashin jituwa. Da farko, Islam yana dauke da art na sauran kasashe, arna, kuma, abu na biyu, shi aka mulki da images of daban-daban alloli, mutane da dabbobi. Amma a kan lokaci, da al'adunsa na musulunci har yanzu tunawa da wasu daga cikin ka'idojin art, reworked su da kuma haifar da naka salon da kuma dokoki. Kamar haka ya tashi da art Musulunci. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda malaman addinin Musulunci a kowane yankin yana da halaye da al'adu ya zama dogara a kan kasar da kuma ta hadisai.

Halayyar fasali na zane-zane na Musulunci

Da farko, da Canon wannan al'ada da aka ɓullo da a gine da kuma ado. Yana da aka dogara ne a kan Byzantine hadisai, Masar, da kuma Persian art na pre-Islamic lokaci. A wasu ƙasashe, da ban a hoton na mutane da dabbobi sa a sosai ephemeral a cikin yanayi, kamar a Iran. Daga baya ya tashi Musulunci art da kuma roba art siffofin. halin da gina gine-gine da manyan domes ga Musulmi da al'adun, da yawa hankali ne ya biya zuwa ciki zane-zane, mosaics da ciki, ba bayyanar, haske da kuma arziki launuka, fasali, da kuma wanzuwar wani arabesque, da ake kira mukarnasov. Ya zo saukar a cikin nau'i na sakar zuma, da yawa kwari da depressions.

jinsunan

Musulunci art ne mafi girma ta ci gaba da ya kasance a cikin filin na architecture. A wannan salon da aka gina ba kawai addini gine-gine, kamar masallatai ko makarantu, amma kuma wadanda mutane gine-gine. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci iri wannan art ne rubutun, wanda ya bar mana wani mai arziki, Legacy ornamental qagaggun. A Iran da kuma Musulmi India, tartsatsi irin rare art siffofin Musulunci, kamar zanen da dada. Kuma a kusan dukkan kasashen inda wannan addini professed, da aka ɓullo da irin wannan rare aikace-aikace iri kerawa a matsayin kafet sakar da kuma samar da tukwane.

architecture

Yanke shawarar ware irin wannan babbar zane-zane na Musulunci a wannan yankin - Masar style, Tatar, Moorish da Ottoman. A wasu irin gine suna dauke sakandare ko samu daga core. Musulmi sun ci gaba nasu dokoki na gini da kuma ado na gine-gine, a lokacin da Musulunci ya zama addini a jihar a kasashe daban-daban, da yawan bauta karu, da kuma taronsu ya gina masallaci. Da farko, da gine-ginen tafi daga aikin bukatun. Wato, da masallaci ya zama dole dakin inda mutane tara, cikin mihrab (alkuki ta Makka), minbar (bagade), a tsakar gida tare da arcades, ruwa ga al'ada tsarki, da kuma minarets, daga inda akwai kira zuwa ga salla. Domin na farko da irin wannan haikali sun hada da Dome na Rock (Urushalima, cikin ƙarni na bakwai AD). A da ginshikin, shi ne wani octagon kuma shi ne a tsakiyar yadi da galleries. Bugu da kari ga masallatai da kuma addini makarantu - makarantu - da Muslim-takamaiman siffofin da daban-daban jama'a gine-gine. Yana m caravansaries (Inns) hammams (wanka), na cikin gida da kasuwanni.

Kasashe da yankuna

Musulunci art ya sami sabon ci gaba a cikin kasar Masar style of gine. Misalai ne Masallaci Ibn Tuluna (tara karni) da kuma Hassan Sultan (14th karni) a birnin Alkahira. Wadannan Ibada ba da alama na ikon, da m size. Suna rufe m mosaic inscriptions, kuma su ganuwar suna ornamented da arabesques, cewa shi ne, da stylized geometrical da kuma shuka abubuwa. Irin maimaita kayan ado cewa cika duk voids nuna alamar muhawara malamai game da m "masana'anta na sararin samaniya." A arches ne a cikin masallatai Dome siffar, kuma suna da goyon baya a kan shafi a cikin nau'i na stalactites. Kamar yadda wani hali misali na kasar Iran da kuma nahiyar Asiya gine gubar kabarin Samadinov daular a Buhari. The Muslim Farisa mafi yawa na son yin amfani da a gina yi tiles a cikin siffar na taurari da kuma crosses, daga wanda dage farawa daga wani iri-iri na qagaggun.

Moresque

Fine Arts Musulunci, kazalika da ta gine-gine, kai da ganiya a zamanin da Larabawa a Spain. A mafi daukan hankali bayyana shi za a iya kira da Palace na Alhambra a Granada. Wannan alatu gini da dama a yalwace ado da dakuna da kuma dakunan kewaye da wani bango da hasumiya, da birãnensu. Shi ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman, da ake kira Myrtle tsakar gida tare da wani ɗan ɗakin. Daga shi ba za ka iya zuwa zauren daga Manzanni, na cikin gida Dome. A cewar labari, akwai Granada shugabanni dauki wakilan sauran kasashe. Wani da aka sani yadi ne Lion. An don haka mai suna saboda marmaro, wanda yake a tsakiyar, dangane da 12 sculptures na wadannan dabbobi. A cikin fadar akwai mutane da yawa da sauran dakuna - 'yan'uwa biyu mãtã, Shari'a - gama da wata marmari mosaic dakuna da bẽnãye da balconies, porticoes. Alhambra ginin dake cikin gidãjen Aljanna da kuma flower gadaje. A wannan salon, kuma shi gina Babbar Masallaci a Cordoba (Mezquita).

Indiya

Features na Musulunci art An daidai aiwatuwa a cikin wannan fitacciyar Musulunci gine a matsayin Taj Mahal. Yana da samfurin na 'yan lokutan. Yana nufin da goma sha bakwai karni da aka gina a kan umarni na mai mulkin Musulunci cana daular a Indiya Shah Cihan farko. A cikin sharuddan da wannan tsarin da aka yanke square da Dome a saman, a tsaye a kan wani wucin gadi dandali sanya na marmara. A kusurwoyin ginin ne minarets. A kabarin da aka gina na farin marmara da kuma ruwan hoda sandstone da kuma ado da duwatsu masu daraja. A gini ne ma ornamented da zinariya inscriptions a kan wani baki bango. Saboda haka, yana yadda ya kamata tsaye a tsakiyar sararin sama, da greenery. Ciki, shi yana da wani arziki ciki, ado da kawa wadda na zinariya, da azurfa, da duwatsu masu daraja daga mosaic.

Turkey

Arts Musulunci kasashen mayalwaci wakilci a wannan kasa. Da farko, da Turks gina su masallatai, kazalika da Larabawa. Amma daga karni na sha biyar, bayan ci na Byzantine Empire, su art aka sosai rinjayi gine na daular da suka kwace. By irin majami'u, suka fara gina masallaci na rectangular siffar, tare da da yawa domes da m gine-gine, kazalika da tsakar gida - iwan. A mafi girma flowering na Turkish gine a zamanin Ottoman isa, musamman a cikin ayyukansu na Sinan. Wannan m tsara da kuma gina wata babbar dama masallatai, amma da kaina, ya ware daga uku: biyu a Istanbul (Shah-Zadeh da Suleymaniye) da kuma daya a Edirne (Selimiye). Wadannan Tsarin ake kasaftawa mai ladabi minarets, babbar domes da kuma nuna arches.

rubutun

Zane-zane, Musulunci shi ne irin wannan muhimmanci masana'antu, kamar yadda wani Musulmi zanen aikace-aikace. Yana samo asali daga m kwafin Kur'ani - alfarma Books. Sa'an nan kuma ya fara da za a yi amfani da kayan ado na masallatai. Wannan wasika da aka kira da rubutun Larabci ko 'Kufic ", saboda an yi imani da cewa shi ne saboda wannan Iraqi birnin. A daban-daban kasashen musulmi, rubutun da aka kawo wa mafi girma mataki na kammala. Jagora na wasiƙa shi ma Stylist, wani lissafi da wani artist. Nau'in na rubutun a kasashen musulmi da aka ma canonized. A XV-XVII ƙarni, wani sabon irin rubuce-rubuce - abin da ake kira kasar Sin, inda izini da rubutun hannu na ɗaya ko fiye iri halitta dukan hoto. artist ta kayan aiki da aka Reed alkalami (Kalam), ya ochinki Hanyar wanda kayyade style. Calligrapher ya nuna your dadi da dandano ba kawai ikon elegantly nuna Larabci haruffa, amma kuma da sanin sarari lissafi, kazalika mallaki ma'adanin na ado - lissafi, shuka, zoo, ko anthropomorphic.

dada

Features na Fine Arts Musulunci kunshi a gaskiyar cewa ba su yarda da anthropomorphic Allah a cikin wannan addini. Saboda haka, m kerawa aka cire daga sacral yankin da kuma bar kawai a cikin wadanda mutane al'adu. Amma ta baza ta dogara kasashe daban-daban. A cikin Alkur'ani, babu wani kai tsaye ban a kan hoton na mutane da dabbobi, amma a cikin Hadith - Islamic hadisai - wannan soka ne. M zanen yada matsayin ado na alatu da kuma littafin da misalai - miniatures. Amma, da ta kai ta girma ci gaba a Iran, Central Asia da kuma Indian cana Empire. Persian miniatures dangane da mural zane-zane na kasar pre-Islamic lokaci. Yana samo asali daga littafin misalai, amma Iran artists sauri sanya ta mai zaman kanta salo. Sun ɓullo da wani m pictorial tsarin a cikin abin da launi, da tsari, da abun da ke ciki da kuma magana da aka hada don ƙirƙirar guda dukan. Persian artists gangan amfani da jirgin saman da irin image, maimakon uku-girma. A heroes of wannan zanen, kamar yadda mai mulkin, suna idealized da kuma rayuwa a cikin wani cikakken duniya. Nazarinsa miniatures sau da yawa bauta wa shah ta library, ko kitabhane. Tun karni na sha takwas zuwa Iran zanen fara exert mai karfi da tasiri na Turai da fasaha da kuma al'ada.

Arts & Crafts: tukwane, sakar

Wadannan masana'antu da aka ɓullo da a Iran, Azerbaijan, Central Asia, da kuma Turkey. Musamman mashahuri gine-gine da tukwane. Ana iya patterned brickwork ko sassaka terracotta. Amma ya fi shahara shi ne ta na gine-gine tare da taimakon Multi-launi fentin majolica. Wannan ba shi da wani chic kuma haskaka Gabas manyan gidãje. Amma ga zanen kayayyakinsa, akwai wani irin rawa da ban a kan yin amfani da azurfa da zinariya a cikin iyali bukatun. Duk da haka, Musulunci master kokarin yin lãka tasoshin haske da haskakawa. Don yin wannan, za mu fara yin gubar glaze, da kuma kokarin haifar da wani abu kama da Sin ain. Kuma haka dai aka ƙirƙira fari enamel for shafi cookware, kazalika da zinariya da azurfa effects a ban ruwa. A mafi tsoho kyãwãwa da aka samu a Misira. Sun kasance a cikin tara karni. Carpet sakar samar litters haife fita domin addu'a. Iri wannan art aka biyu - zato inda interwoven alamu da lissafi siffofi, da kuma pictorial, da al'amuran da farauta, fadace-fadace da kuma shimfidar. A karshen irin ne ƙasa da na kowa. Mun lashe mafi girma daukaka mai haske da Fluffy Persian rugs, da kuma musamman dabara na Turkish Masters.

The darajar Musulunci art

Duk da cewa muna magana ne game da al'adu fasali na musamman addini, da ma'anar kalma kara zuwa rayuwar zamantakewa. A duniyar Musulmi, zanen, gine-gine, da kuma wasu siffofin art daidai da mutane ta ji na ruhaniya, dabi'u da kuma abin da yake kẽwayenku su. A babban alama wannan al'ada ne bin kyakkyawa, wanda shi ne wata ãyã daga Allahntakar. Lissafi siffofi da alamu kamar ciphers bayyanãwa da harshen duniya, kuma maimaita alamu nuna ta rashin iyaka. Aiyuka art aka ƙoƙarin yi yau da kullum abubuwa kyau. Culture of Islam ya yi wata babbar tasiri a kan ci gaban yammacin Turai, tun tsakiyar zamanai.