Artist Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: biography, kerawa

The haske, asali artist na karni na 20th Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich ya rayu mai ban sha'awa da kuma m rayuwa. Ya tafi, ta hanyar rinjayar daban-daban artists, juyin juya halin Musulunci nema da kuma gano ta da wuri a cikin art. Ya wasiyya a yau shi ne dama da ɗari ayyukansu, abin da suke a da yawa tarin a duniya.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma Family

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich aka haife shi a kauyen Mikhailovskoye yankin na Don Cossacks (yau Volgograd yankin) a cikin wani matalauci baƙauye iyali. Ilya ne babban yara tara, da kuma kudi daga iyaye, tsunduma a tausayin cinikayya, ya ba a kan ilimi na yara. Boy, wanda daga farkon shekarun da ya nuna babban gogayya da ikon zana, da aka aika zuwa ga Ikklesiya makaranta, amma a shekaru 11, ya tafi da shi, kuma ya aiko da aiki domin ya iya taimaka tallafawa iyali. Ya yi wani shagon m 'ya'yan 14 hours tsaye a kan ƙafãfunsu, bauta wa abokan ciniki, ya ƙi aiki, amma akwai wani zabi.

Sadaukarwa da kuma Training

Mashkov Ilya daga baya ya tafi aiki a shagon na m, da aikin da aka ba sauki, amma shi ne, wani lokacin danƙa fenti Banners kuma ãyõyinSa. Wannan aiki ya ba shi girma yarda. A cikin kayayyakin lokaci ya kofe hotuna daga mujallu, yin almara na kewaye, da tsuntsãye. Yaron son Draw. Duk da musamman tilasta kudi halin da ake ciki, ya yi umarni a cikin mail akwatin na Paints. Wata rana malamin Borisoglebskaya dakin motsa jiki hange jawo wani yaron da ya tambaye shi idan yana so ya koya. Ilya da aka sosai mamaki, domin ya ba su ma san cewa za ka iya koyi su kusantar. Saboda haka sai ya fara samun na farko basira da shawara daga malamin makaranta. Wannan yarda da shi fahimtar sadaukarwa da kuma kafa wata manufa - don zama wani artist.

A shekarar 1900 ya shiga cikin Moscow School of zanen. Ga ya san daga fice malaman: Konstantin Korovin, Pasternak, Valentin Serov, Vasnetsov. Daga farko shekaru na makaranta Mashkov nuna wani fitaccen mai basira da kuma eccentric hali. Ya sosai m na hyperbole, wani wuce haddi na launi, da yawa lokaci ya ba da cin gaban jawo dabaru, ya sosai aikin. Kamar yadda low-samun kudin shiga dalibai a makaranta, ya miƙa kashi lokaci, kuma tun 1904 Mashkov fara bada darussa, sunã tsirfatãwa mai rai.

Juyin juya halin Musulunci da matasa

Mashkov Ilya fairly da sauri samun a kan ƙafafunsa. A shekarar 1906, ya gina wa kansa studio a wani gini na Polytechnic Society. Ba zai zama da gidansa har sai ƙarshen m kwana. A 1907, sai ya sadu da Petrom Konchalovskim, da gamuwa da babban tasiri a kan artist. A 1908, da artist tafiyarka zuwa Turai, ziyartar Faransa, Ingila, Austria, Jamus, Italiya, Spain, inda ya gana da sabon yayi a zanen.

A 1910, Mashkov fitar daga makaranta, amma ya riga sami hanya. The artist ne har yanzu da yawa daga aiki, shan darussa a studio na Konstantin Korovin, rubuta al'ada hotuna da kuma har yanzu lifes. Ya sa up, ciki har da a Salon a Paris, inda aikinsa ne sayen Rasha shuni Morozov. Ko sa'an nan, da zanen Mashkov rarrabe sabon abu view na duniya da kuma abubuwan dake kewaye. Ya aka imbued tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci ra'ayoyi a Turai da kuma m canza Rasha art.

"Jack na Diamonds"

A 1911, Mashkov Ilya Petrom Konchalovskim da tushe m al'umma "Jack na Diamonds." Da farko, a 1910 akwai wani nuni da wannan sunan, bi da wani kamar shiryayye artists haifar da al'umma daga cikin wannan sunan. A sosai sunan to tura da masu sauraro, alluding ga fursunonin siyasa. Moscow da nufin sa artists aikata juyin juya halin a art, kuma suka yi nasara sosai. Su, sun sãɓa hadisai na ilimi da kuma hakikanci, ya yi kira a cikin dominance na Impressionist, Fauvist da Cubist ideas.

Mashkov ya daya daga cikin ideologists na al'umma. Shi ne kuma gode masa, "Jacks" don haka sau da yawa fentin har yanzu lifes, reminiscent ãyõyin a kantin kayan miya. Artists gudanar da wani gwaji tare da tsari da kuma launi. Ba kamar da yawa daga cikin avant-garde, Mashkov da gwarazansa da'awar objectivity a art. A 1911-14 shekaru da artist ne sakataren jama'a, ke taka rawa a duk da nune-nunen. A shekara ta 1914 ya bar "Jack na Diamonds" da kuma aika ƙasashen waje.

Mashkov da kuma "World of Art"

Bayan ya sake Mashkov shiga cikin "World of Art" - wata kungiya da ta wanzu tun lokacin da marigayi 19th karni da sõyayya mafi shahararren Rasha artists. Just a wannan lokacin, band sanar da yiwuwar samar da sabon litattafansu, ta zama babban ra'ayin na "New Academy" Alexander Benois. The biyu da rabi na 10-ies na XX karni na da wuya artists na ga wannan al'umma. Ko da yake "World of Art" - ƙungiyar na ake sanya wani babban taimako ga Rasha art, a lokacin Mashkov shi riga ya Ã'a, m hadin kai. The artist taka rawa a cikin nune-nunen da kuma goyon bayan gwarazansa. A wannan lokacin, Mashkov har yanzu da yawa daga aiki, amma sannu a hankali zo zuwa wani sabon da labarun almara.

The Association of Artists na Revolutionary Rasha

A shekara ta 1925, Mashkov Ilya daukan wani sabon jama'a AHRR, wanda Ya umurni da wani sabon, juyin juya halin Musulunci akida. A gaskiya ma, ya zama daya daga cikin na farko ideologists na gurguzu da labarun almara. The artist nasa ne da jam'iyya har ta rarrabuwa a 1929. A wannan lokacin, ya paints wani farin ciki sabon rai, hotuna na shugabannin yi, har yanzu rayuwa tare da wani yawa na abinci. Moscow painters, tsohon abokan aiki Mashkov, ba su fahimta da sabon akida, da yawa daga cikinsu live in hijira. Ilya Ivanovich ya zauna a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma cikakken goyon bayan da sabon tunani. A 1930 Mashkov rubuta ra'ayi daidai hoto: "Gaisuwa 17th Congress na CPSU (b)", "Soviet burodi."

A lokacin yakin, Mashkov zaune a cikin Abramtsevo, ya fentin hotuna na sojoji da suka ji rauni ma'aikatan raya. Late Mashkov ne masu sauraro ta kaffa hali. Sanannun art Yakov Tugendhold ce cewa aikinsa ne a bayyane "lafiya soyayya ga haske da nama da jini." Ya riƙe da fondness domin ƙari har kwanaki na arshe.

Nunin aiki

Ilya Mashkov dukan rai ya kasance sosai m, kamar yadda aka rayayye nuna aikinsa. Ya halarci da yawa muhimmanci nune-nunen na farkon karni na ashirin. Wannan taron "Jack na Diamonds", "World of Art". A 1916, da "Nunin na zamani da Rasha zanen" shi ya nuna 70 ayyukansu, shi ne babbar rayuwa nuni Ili Mashkova. Tun da 20s da artist ya nuna kasashen waje a Venice, London, New York. A cikin shekaru 30 na Soviet ikon tare da yardar daukawa zane-zane Mashkov a duk manyan biranen duniya.

Educational aiki

Domin mafi yawan rai na Ilya Mashkov, artist, mai zane-zane, sanar. Kamar yadda wani yãro, sai ya ci gaba da nasa Hanyar koyarwa zane da kuma zanen. Ya makaranta, wanda ya bude a farkon karni na ashirin, ya zama tsakiyar studio AHRR. Daga cikin dalibansa sun Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, Mukhina.

Bayan juyin juya hali, da artist an koyarwa, aiki a kan daban-daban Darussan a cikin Soja Academy kuma a VHUTEINe.

sirrinka

Ilya Mashkov ya nuna soyayya ga rayuwa da kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Ya kasance mai girma lover na Ladies da aure sau uku. Farko da matar da aka Italian Sofia Arentsvari, Mashkov aure ta a 1905, a shekara daga baya aka haife kadai dan artist Valentin. Ya zama wani zane injiniya, da aka kama shi a 1937. Biyu matarsa a 1915 ya zama wani artist Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. The uku matarsa kuma aka yi wani artist: a 1922 Mashkov Danilova aure Maria Ivanovna.

Legacy da kuma memory

Ilya Mashkov, wanda zane-zane da aka musamman nuna godiya da masoya na zanen, ya mutu Maris 20, 1944 at ya dacha a Abramtsevo. Ya bar baya da wani babban gado ne. Ya zane-zane ne a yanzu a cikin tarin na 78 birane a duniya. The most tarin na artist ta bazawara ya ba da Volgograd Museum of Art. Ya zane-zane da wuya ya bayyana a gwanjo da kuma sayar ga makudan. Saboda haka, zanen "Flowers" An sayar for miliyan 3.5 daloli, da kuma "Duk da haka Life tare da Fruit" - for $ 7.2 miliyan.

Mashkov ta Creativity karatu da art tarihi, ya kuma keɓe littafin. Museum a Volgograd Bears sunansa. Ƙwaƙwalwar na artist vuya, da nuni da ayyukansa suna gudanar da lokaci zuwa lokaci a manyan gidajen tarihi. Saboda haka, a 2014, da daga baya ayyukan da aka nuna a cikin Moscow, nuni da ya kasance wani babban rabo mai girma.