Fedor Apraksin: biography, awards, jama'a sabis

A Rasha tarihi, wannan mutum wanda ya memba na gida yanayi na Bitrus, mai girma, yana tuna yadda a talented sojan ruwa kwamandan, da kuma yadda wani m sarrafa. Fedor Apraksin cikakken wajaba lashe title of Admiral da Janar a matsayin shugaban kwamitin da Admiralty. Ya yabo ba za a iya overemphasized: shi ya, tare da sarki halarci halittar Rasha jiragen ruwa. Yana Fedor Apraksin lashe jerin fadace-fadace a cikin ƙasa da tẽku, wanda ya dabarun muhimmancin. Abin da ya taka rawar game da biography daga cikin shahararrun Admiral Janar? Ka yi la'akari da wannan tambaya a cikin mafi daki-daki.

asalin

Apraksins ya dade da aka gudanar a wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi ne a cikin al'umma. Sources na farko m ambatar su a cikin na farko da rabi na 17th karni. Back a 1617 wani m da kuma takwara na sojan ruwa kwamandan Fyodor Apraksin ya magatakarda na domin na Kazan Palace. Ya kuma a 1634 aiki a matsayin magatakarda Boris Lykov, wanda ya zo a-dokar Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Fyodor Apraksin, kasancewa marasa 'ya'ya, ya mutu a 1636. Amma da ɗan'uwansa Bitrus yana da zurriyarsu. Muna magana ne game da dan Vasilii Apraksine, wanda bauta wa sarki da kansa. Yana da yake a cikin iyali na Vasily Petrovich bayyana Scion Matiyu - mahaifin mashawarta na sojan ruwa kwamandan. Sam Zakharov "gubernatorstvoval" a Astrakhan. Iyalinsa da 'ya'ya uku maza da' ya mace. Peter Matveyevich kasance a cikin sabis na sarki a matsayin kãshi councilor, kuma daga baya wani Sanata. Fyodor Matveyevich ya da wani aboki na Tsar Bitrus I, Andrei Matveyevich lokacin wadanada aka kofin-mai bãyar. Amma 'yar Marfa Matveevna Apraksina zama halal matar sarki Fedor Alekseevich. Wannan aure ne zuwa wani har qaddara da yabo da dukan 'ya'yan Matiyu Vasilyevich.

Amma, zama na biyu matar monarch, Marfa Matveevna Apraksina zarar widowed da kuma rasa ta matsayi a matsayin sarauniya. Amma cewa ba a daina ta 'yan'uwa, don gina wani aiki a Public Administration tsarin.

sarki boyi

Ya aka haife 27 ga watan Nuwamba, 1661. Riga a wani matasa shekaru, FM Apraksin bauta stolnik Peter I. Kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa yana da wani cancanci yin gasa. A musamman, muna magana ne game da Prince Fedor Yurevich Romadanovsky. Shi ma wani makwabcin stolnik. Kuma idan Apraxin haifar da m sojojin, da Romodanovsky ya su generalissimo. Bayan wani lokaci da sarki ya samu kwashe "wasanni a cikin yaƙin", don haka da yawan sojoji a regiments, kafa musamman domin a fun Bitrus I, ya ƙara muhimmanci. Ko ta wani hanya, amma m sojojin fara wata babbar mataki kawo canji da Rasha sojoji, da kuma abin yabo na Apraksin a cikin wannan yanayin ne bayyananne.

voivod

Duk da haka, Fedor Matveevich a sãka ma fi girma ni'imar sarki lokacin da ya gina na farko jirgin.

A 1692, sai aka nada kwamandan a Arkhangelsk. Bayan wani lokaci, Apraksin da kuma fito da ra'ayin gina wani jirgin da zai iya samu nasarar kunna kasuwanci harkokin teku. Rasha sarki aka yarda da wannan ra'ayin, kuma kaina ya dauki kashi a gun jirgin ruwa mai filafilai tab "St. Paul." FM Apraksin biya lokaci da kuma kyautata na gari. A musamman, shi ya ƙarfafa defenses na Arkhangelsk kuma Ya ƙãra ƙasa Solombalskaya masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Kamar 'yan shekaru kamar yadda gwamnan a "ƙasar Turai ta Arewa", ya ya iya tada reshe na soja da kuma kasuwanci Shipbuilding masana'antu zuwa wani sabon matakin. Kuma ya gabatar da al'adar aika Arkhangelsk jiragen ruwa a kasashen waje don kasuwanci dalilai.

sabon jami'an

A farkon 18th karni Fedoru Matveevichu cajin gudanar da harkokin na Admiralty domin. Bugu da kari, ya zama gwamnan Azov. Apraksin ciyarwa da yawa lokaci a Voronezh, inda ya aiki tukuru don ƙirƙirar da rundunar cewa zai gudu a kan tekun Azov. A bakin kogin Voronezh ya yi nufin sa wani masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa.

A Taganrog Fedor Matveevich shirya ya ba da harbor da kuma gina garun a kauyen Lipica, located a dama banki na Oka, Apraksin shirya gina wani shuka ebb bindigogi. A T-mashaya (Voronezh yankin) Jihar dignitary ya so ya gina da kuma ba da wani sojin ruwan docks. A Tekun Azov ya shirya ya fara hydrography. Kuma a sama da dukan ayyukansa kasa.

Shugaban College na Admiralty

Babu shakka, da babban aikin yi da Apraksin je kada a gane da manyan mulkin Rasha jihar. Peter na yaba da isa yabo na boyi. A 1707 Fedor Matveevich bayar da daraja na Janar Admiral da kuma sanya wa post na shugaban kasar na Admiralty Board. Amince da shi a sirri umurnin da jiragen ruwa na Baltic Sea da kuma 'yan dakarun a ƙasa.

Ci gaba a soja da harkokin

A 1708, Janar-Admiral Apraksin jagoranci Rasha kungiyar soja a Ingria, wanda ya hana sojojin da Sweden don kama da "birni a kan Neva", Kotlin da Kronshlot. Fedor Matveevich iya halakar da jiki Stromberg kusa da shiri Rakobor (karshe Wesenberg).

Kusan mako uku daga baya, shugaban na Admiralty Board a Kaporskaya Bay ci Swedish sojojin karkashin umurnin Baron Limbecker. Hakika, waɗannan nasarorinsu aka lura a matakin qarshe. Fedor Apraksin aka bayar da lakabi na Count kuma samu wani post na kãshi councilor. Bugu da kari, Bitrus na yi oda da Masters na Mint don a samar da lambar azurfa tare da siffar rabin tsawon hoto daga cikin shahararrun soja shugaban da kuma sojan ruwa kwamandan.

Nasara nasara ya ci gaba da

Sa'an nan Fedor Matveevich sake bambanta kansa a fagen yaƙi. Kwamandan, da ciwon a cikin arsenal na 10,000 sojoji, da yaƙi da ya dauki kagarar Vyborg. A lokacin wannan aiki, ya karbi Order of St. Andrew, kazalika da awarding wani takobi zinariya tsantsa da kuma ado da lu'ulu'u. Apraksin sa'an nan aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Azov ƙasar inda ya halakar da baya gina garun da kuma sayar da kasuwanci motocin. Gaskiyar cewa Azov a 1711 zo a karkashin iko na Turkey. Bayan haka, Admiral Janar jima a St. Petersburg, amma a 1712 aka nada ga umarnin da dakaru, wanda aka aiko zuwa yaƙi don komawa wani ɓangare na Finnish ƙasar. Kwamandan nasara ƙasa, daga Vyborg, inda wani abin tunawa Fedoru Apraksinu aka kaddamar a 2010, da kuma kawo karshen tare da Järvi-Koski. Kuma nan da nan bayan haka Steward Petra Velikogo, umartarku galleys a teku, da kuma a kan ƙasar dakaru, iya precipitate Helsinki (babban birnin kasar na Finland). A cikin fall na 1713 Apraksin ya yi nasara a cikin yaki tare da Swedes a cikin kusanci Pyalkane River. Hakika, wannan m Victoria Janar-Admiral iya iya samun wani Order of St. Andrew da farko-kira.

Gangut

Amma da laurels na lashe sun gaba. A 1714 da kwamandan da kuma shugaban na Admiralty Board ya iya sake nuna wa abokan gaba da ƙarfi, kuma ikon da Rasha sojojin.

Wannan shi ne sanannen teku yaƙi da Swedes cewa fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a Cape Hanko. Samuwa Apraksin ya 99 galleys da scampaways, wanda saukar da wani total of 15 dubu Rasha sojoji. Fyodor Matveyevich da rundunarsa suka ga samar da damar yin amfani da Azerbaiyán da Turku yankin. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren sun yi kokarin hana Swedish jiragen ruwa a karkashin umurnin mataimakin Admiral Vatranga wanda da umarnin da ya sojoji ya sami wani qafafunku a sashin Hanko. Don rage girman samu damar muhallinsa na Rasha galleys ta hanyar da baya kafa itace dabe, located a ƙunƙuntaccen ɓangare na sashin, da Swedes ya raba jiragen ruwa a cikin da dama sassa. Shi ne mai dabarun kuskure, kamar yadda katse makiya jiragen ruwa ne mafi saurin kai hari. Rasha galleys iya bunkasa cikin sashin da teku, da kuma jera wa hari maƙiyi jirgin rundujar soja masu dawaki. Bayan wani lokaci, da rarrabẽwar adawa da sojojin a cikin mashigar Rilaks-Fjord. A Rasha jiragen ruwa ya fi karfi, kuma lashe. Ƙofar Gulf of Bothnia ya free, amma damar zuwa Azerbaiyán ne bude. Bayan 'yan watanni, a gabacin ƙasa tare da Gulf of Bothnia, hakura da wani to Rasha. Kusan duk na Finland da ke a cikin hannun Sarkin sarakuna Peter I.

Koma zuwa babban birnin kasar

Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Fedor Matveevich aka ba zato ba tsammani tuno da babban birnin kasar. The abu ne cewa, sarki koya da cewa jami'an daga ciki da'irar Janar-Admiral azaba ikon da sata kudi daga baitulmalin Haikali. A zamanin mulkin Bitrus I almubazzaranci ya fairly kowa sabon abu cewa gilla suppressed "musamman jikinsu". Amma da Apraksin, sabanin sauran jami'ai, ya ba masu hadama ba, kuma harsunan 'yan barandan da mutum, shi ya isa ga bukatun jihar albashi na iyalinsa.

Kuma bincikensa, lalle ne, dã ba mu yi samu shaidar wanda ya nuna cewa bikin kwamandan sata jama'a kudi. Amma a nan Apraksina qarqashinsu aka kama a cikinsa. Duk da haka, sarki, ko da yaushe tuna Fyodor Matveyevich isa yabo kafin fatherland, ba mai tsanani azaba boyi da kuma umurce shi biya tarar kawai.

"Yana yarima"

Kuma duk da haka Apraksins akai-akai tabbatar da biyayya sarki. Alal misali, muna magana ne game da tarihi, a lokacin da zuriya sarki Alexei a 1716, ba tare da gargadi, ya tafi ya zauna a Austria. Dan Sarkin sarakuna haka ya yanke shawarar nuna adawa da sauye-sauye, kuma ya gyãra Bitrus I. kawai jami'an diplomasiya da kuma Tolstoy Alexei Rumyantsev rinjayi komawa da kuma hakuri da ya mataki. Babu shakka, da sarki ya so ya koyar da wani darasi ga m dan da umurni da hada a kagara, muddin ba ya zo ta hankula. Duk da haka, Alex ya yi watsi da bukatun da fatherland da kuma mayar da su nemi Austria dan kasa ne ba daya ba, amma kamar shiryayye kamfanoni. By daidaituwa, su da'irar bayyana Petr Matveevich Apraksin. Amma masu binciken ƙarshe samu ba dalĩlin laifi. Duk da haka, wannan m lamarin da ɗan'uwansa baƙin ciki Fedor Matveevich, wanda yake kai tsaye shaida daga Prince tambaya. A matsayin memba na Hukumar Binciken, Admiral-Janar, tare da sauran manyan baki, ya sa ya sanya hannu ga mãsu laifi hukunci a kan Alexei magaji. The prince aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa.

Kamfen da Sweden da kuma soja aiki a Farisa

Bayan da nasara yakin Gangut shugaban na Admiralty Board, hozyaystvuya a cikin tarin tsiburai na Stockholm, lokaci-lokaci cruising tare jihar bakin teku wuraren Sweden, guzuri lalata jiragen ruwa da kuma tattara haraji daga ƙasa. Korol Frederik I an tilasta wa yin sulhu akai tare da Rasha ta shiga wani disadvantageous Sweden yarjejeniyar da Nystad. A Fedor Matveyitch samu babban teku awards (Kaiser-flag).

A 1722, da kwamandan soja a yaƙin neman zaɓe koma Farisa. Shi da kansa ya jagoranci Rasha jiragen ruwa tafiya a cikin Caspian Sea. A 1723 Apraksin koma gida da kuma aka ba umarnin Baltic jiragen ruwa.

Bayan mutuwar mai girma kawo canji

Lokacin da, a cikin 1725, ya rasu Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus I, tsohon boyi ci gaba da zauna a babban matsayi a kotu. A 1725 shekaru, Catherine Na kanta ni'imtar da ita a cikin Order of St. Apraksin. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ba da da ewa bayan Petra Velikogo matarsa ya fi na harkokin jama'a a ƙarƙashin mulkin Koli kãshi Council, wadda daga baya ya shiga, kuma Fedor Matveevich. Amma da farko goge a cikin wannan hukumar mulki taka leda Prince Alexander Menshikov. A halin yanzu Rasha jiragen ruwa a hankali karya sauka, da kuma su inganci da kuma tabbatarwa da ake bukata kudi kasafi, wanda, da rashin alheri, da aka kasaftawa a kasa yawa. A irin wannan yanayi, Apraksin zama kasa je teku, amma babbar nasara na Rasha rundunar motoci sun har yanzu sabo a cikin kwakwalwarsa. Kawai a 1726, Janar Admiral amince ya jagoranci Rasha jiragen ruwa don Revel don nuna adawa Birtaniya ta soja ƙarfin Rasha.

faɗuwar rana aiki

Lokacin da Rasha sarki hau gadon sarautar Bitrus II na, harkokin jama'a a kasar ya zama shugaban Dolgorukovs cewa wasu can wuri mai nĩsa bi Apraksin. Fyodor Matveyevich yanke shawarar barin jama'a sabis kuma zauna a Moscow. A tsawon shekaru, kasancewa a cikin ikon Apraxin tara quite a arziki. Steward Bitrus na mallakar manyan kadarori, da ya mallakar sararin yankunan ƙasar tare da musamman masu daraja. Wanda bai da shi duk ya tafi da zai Janar-Admiral? Kamar yadda yara da bai da duk samu Fedor Apraksin rarraba su zumunta, da na marmari gida ikon mallakar, a St. Petersburg, ya bayar da zuwa da sarki Bitrus II. Apraksin ya mutu a kan Nuwamba 10, 1728. Jihar dignitary jiki da aka binne shi a kan ƙasa da Zlatoust sufi a Moscow. Ibid binne da mahaifin shugaban kasar na Admiralty jirgin. Barin wani babban bugu a kan tarihin kasar da kuma mallakan irin wannan rare halaye kamar alheri, himma, gaskiya, ya kasance daya daga cikin na hannun daman saman Petra Velikogo a gyara daga cikin Rasha jihar.