Ethanol - abin da yake da shi? Properties na ethanol. A amfani da ethanol

Ethanol - abin da yake wannan kaya? Mene ne ta yin amfani da da kuma yadda aka samar? Ethanol ne mafi alhẽri a san duk a karkashin wani sunan daban - barasa. Hakika, wannan ba gaba ɗaya daidai nadi. Amma a halin yanzu, shi ne kalmar "barasa" muna nufin "ethanol". Kakanninmu san ta zama. Suna ta shirya da fermentation tsari da shi. A cikin shakka sun daban-daban kayayyakin daga hatsi ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Amma sakamakon Braga ta Portugal, kawai sai ya kira a cikin tsohon sayar da giya, da adadin ethanol kada wuce 15 bisa dari. Pure barasa sun iya gano kawai bayan karatu barasan tafiyar matakai.

Ethanol - abin da yake da shi?

Ethanol - a monoalcohol. Karkashin al'ada yanayi shi ne wani maras tabbas, colorless, flammable ruwa da ciwon takamaiman wari da kuma dandano. Ethanol ne yadu amfani a masana'antu, magani da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum. Shi ne mai kyau disinfectant. A barasa amfani da matsayin da man fetur da kuma yadda sauran ƙarfi. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk ethanol dabara C2H5OH da aka sani ga magoya giya. Wannan shi ne inda wannan abu ne yadu amfani. Amma kar ka manta da cewa barasa a matsayin aiki bangaren na giya mai karfi depressant. Yana da wani psychoactive abu ne iya hana tsakiya m tsarin da kuma sa nauyi dogara.

A halin yanzu yana da wuya a sami wani masana'antu inda babu ethanol da aka yi amfani da. Yana da wuya a lissafa duk da cewa shi ne don haka amfani da barasa. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk da kaddarorin kimanta a cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu. Ethanol - wata babbar bangaren na kusan dukan magani tinctures. Mutane da yawa "haihuwa mãtan 'girke-girke' domin lura da ɗan adam cututtuka dangane da wannan abu. Yana jan fitar da tsire-tsire duka gina jiki, adanar su. Wannan dukiyar da barasa da aka yi amfani da sarrafa na iyali na ganye da Berry liquors. Kuma ko da yake yana da barasa, amma a moderation suna da amfani ga kiwon lafiya.

A amfani da ethanol

Da dabara na ethanol da aka sani ga duk tun makaranta darussa a cikin sunadarai. Amma a nan shi ne abin da yake da amfani da wannan sinadaran, don haka kawai amsa kowane. A gaskiya, da wuya su yi tunanin wani masana'antu inda shi ya ba amfani da barasa. Da farko, ethanol da ake amfani a magani kamar yadda mai iko disinfectant. Su bi da aiki surface kuma a raunuka. Barasa detrimental sakamako a kan kusan duk na kungiyoyin na kwayoyin. Amma ethanol da ake amfani ba kawai a tiyata. Shi ne ba makawa ga samar da magani da ruwan 'ya'ya da kuma tinctures.

A cikin kananan allurai, barasa da amfani ga jikin mutum. Ya taimaka wa liquefaction na jini, inganta wurare dabam dabam da kuma vasodilation. Ya ma yi amfani a hana cututtukan zuciya. Ethanol facilitates aikin da gastrointestinal fili. Amma kawai a gaske kananan allurai.

A lokuta na musamman, da psychoactive effects barasa iya nutsar fitar da mafi ciwo mai tsanani. Ethanol ya samu aikace-aikace a cosmetology. Saboda ta furta maganin antiseptik Properties, shi ne kunshe a kusan duk tsarkakewa lotions for m, kuma m fata.

ethanol cuta

Ethanol - barasa samar da fermentation. Idan wuce kima yin amfani da shi zai iya sa karfi toxicological guba, har ma da coma. Wannan abu ne na giya da abin sha. Barasa sa wani karfi m da kuma ta jiki dogara. Shan barasa an dauki wata cuta. Damage ethanol tsaye hade da al'amuran rashin sha. Binge sha giya mai ƙunshe da barasa, take kaiwa ba kawai don abinci mai guba. Duk abin da yake yawa mafi rikitarwa. Tare da m shan barasa rinjayar kusan dukkan Gabar tsarin. Daga oxygen yunwa, wanda shi ne ethanol, ya mutu a cikin manyan lambobi na kwakwalwa Kwayoyin. Yana auku ƙasƙanci daga cikin mutum. A farkon matakai na waning memory. Sa'an nan kuma, mutum tasowa koda, hanta, hanji, ciki, jini da kuma zuciya. A maza, akwai wani asarar iko. A karshen matakai na wani giya gano shafi tunanin mutum da iri.

Tarihi barasa

Ethanol - abin da irin abu da kuma yadda za a samu da shi? Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa an yi amfani da tun prehistoric sau. Ya kasance memba na giya. Duk da haka, ta maida hankali kaɗan ne. Amma yanzu, burbushi na barasa da aka samu a kasar Sin a cikin 9000 mai shekaru kumar kasko. Wannan a fili ya nuna cewa mutane ne har yanzu a cikin Neolithic sha barasa-dauke da abũbuwan shã.

A farko idan na barasa samarwa da aka rubuta a cikin 12th karni a Salerno. Gaskiya ne, shi ya kasance wani ruwa-barasa cakuda. Pure ethanol da aka kasaftawa Johann Tobias Lovitz a 1796. Ya yi amfani da da hanyar da tacewa ta hanyar kunna gawayi. Production na ethanol a cikin wannan hanya na dogon lokaci shi ne kawai hanyar. Formula barasa lasafta Nicholas Theodore de Saussure, kuma aka bayyana shi a matsayin carbon fili Antuan Lavuaze. A 19-20 ƙarni, masana kimiyya da dama da aka karatu ethanol. duk da kaddarorin da aka yi karatu. A halin yanzu shi ne yadu used da ake amfani a kusan dukan duniyoyin na mutum aiki.

Production na ethanol da barasa fermentation

Zai yiwu mafi sanannun hanya samar da ethanol - shi ne giya fermentation. Shi ne kawai zai yiwu a lokacin da yin amfani da kwayoyin kayayyakin wadda dauke da high yawa daga carbohydrates, kamar inabi, apples, berries. Wani muhimmin bangaren to fermentation tafi rayayye - shi ne gaban yisti, enzymes da kwayoyin. Just kama wani dankalin turawa aiki, masara, shinkafa. Domin man fetur raw sugar barasa da ake amfani, wanda aka samar daga kara. A dauki ne quite rikitarwa. A sakamakon haka, da fermentation bayani da aka samu wanda ya ƙunshi ba fiye da 16% ethanol. Higher yawa ba za a iya samu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mafi cikakken mafita da yisti ba zai iya tsira. Kamar wancan samu ethanol dole ne a fuskanci tsarkakewa da kuma maida hankali matakai. Barasan matakai yawanci amfani.

Domin samun ethanol, yi amfani da yisti Saccharomyces cerevisiae daban-daban damuwa. A ka'ida, su sami damar kunna wannan tsari. Kamar yadda na gina jiki substrate za a iya amfani da sawdust ko matsayin madadin su - wani bayani samu daga gare su.

man fetur

Mutane da yawa san game da kaddarorin mallaki by ethanol. Mene ne barasa ko disinfectant, an kuma yadu da aka sani. Amma barasa ne har yanzu, kuma man fetur. Ana amfani da roka injuna. Sanin mu ne - in 70% ruwa-ruwa ethanol, yakin duniya na farko da aka yi amfani da matsayin makãmashin duniya na farko ballistic harsashi na Jamus - "V-2".

A halin yanzu, barasa ya fi na kowa. Kamar yadda man fetur da shi da ake amfani a ciki konewa injuna, domin dumama na'urorin. A dakunan gwaje-gwaje da shi aka zuba a cikin wani barasa fitilar. Catalytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ethanol amfani da samar da heaters, duka biyu da sojoji da kuma yawon shakatawa. Barasa tare da ƙuntatawa amfani a admixture da ruwa da man fetur da man fetur saboda da hygroscopicity.

Ethanol a cikin sinadaran masana'antu

Yadu yi amfani da ethanol a cikin sinadaran masana'antu. Yana hidima a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin samar da abubuwa irin su diethyl ether, acetic acid, chloroform, ethylene, acetaldehyde, tetraethyl acetate. A Paint masana'antu, ethanol ne yadu amfani da sauran ƙarfi. Barasa ne babban bangaren na wanki da maganin daskarewa. Amfani da barasa da kuma iyali da magunguna. Shi ne mai memba na ƙuna kuma tsabtace kayayyakin. Sau da yawa sosai aka same shi a matsayin wani bangaren a cikin taya kula tsafta ware da kuma gilashin.

Ethyl barasa a magani

Ethyl barasa za a iya dangana ga magunguna iri iri. Ya na da yankunan da tasiri a kan kusan dukkan kungiyoyin da kwayoyin. Shi halaka Kwayoyin jikin kwayoyin cutar da fungi. A amfani da ethanol a magani ne kusan kawo wannan nacewar. Wannan shi ne mai kyau bushe da disinfectants. Saboda Tanning Properties na barasa (96%) aka yi amfani da sarrafa abin da aiki tebur da kuma likita ta hannunsu.

Ethanol - sauran ƙarfi kwayoyi. An yadu amfani da samar da tinctures da kuma tsame daga magani ganye da sauran shuka kayan. A m taro na barasa a cikin irin wannan abubuwa bai wuce kashi 18 cikin dari. Ethanol ne sau da yawa amfani da wani hana aifuwa na maza.

Ethyl barasa ne daidai da shafi gogayya. A lokacin kara da shi samar da wani sanyaya sakamako. Sau da yawa sosai, barasa da ake amfani da Warming compresses. A wannan yanayin, shi ne gaba daya lafiya, babu fata ne redness da konewa. Bugu da kari, ethanol da ake amfani da matsayin defoaming wakili a lokacin da ake ji ta wucin gadi oxygen a lokacin shan iska. Har ila yau, barasa ne a bangaren na janar maganin sa barci, wanda na iya amfani da a cikin hali na magunguna karanci.

Oddly, amma likita ethanol da ake amfani da matsayin maganin guba domin guba mai guba alcohols kamar methanol ko ethylene glycol. Saboda ta mataki a cikin wannan lokacin da dama substrates barasa dehydrogenase enzyme aikin kawai m hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Shi ne ta hanyar wannan nan da nan bayan samun na ethanol bi mai guba methanol ko ethylene glycol, a rage na yanzu maida hankali mai guba metabolites kwayoyin. Methanol ne formic acid da formaldehyde, kuma ethylene glycol - oxalic acid.

abinci aiki masana'antu

Saboda haka, yadda za a samu ethanol, ita aka san su da kakanninmu. Amma mafi yadu amfani, ya samu kawai a 19-20 ƙarni. Tare da ruwa, ethanol shi ne tushen kusan dukkanin giya, musamman vodka, gin, Rum, brandy, wuski, giya. Adadi kaɗan na da barasa da an samu a cikin abubuwan sha da ake samu ta hanyar fermentation, kamar yogurt, koumiss, kvass. Amma su halaye ba la'akari, tun da taro na barasa a su ne kadan. Saboda haka, da abun ciki na ethanol a sabo yogurt ba wuce 0,12%. Amma idan ya settles, da maida hankali zai iya tashi zuwa 1%. A kvass ethanol dan kadan ya fi (1.2%). Mafi yawa daga cikin barasa kunshe ne a cikin koumiss. A sabo kiwo samfurin, ta maida hankali - daga 1 zuwa 3%, da kuma a spaced zo zuwa 4.5%.

Ethyl barasa - kyau da sauran ƙarfi. Wannan dukiya za a iya amfani da a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Ethanol ne a sauran ƙarfi ga dadin dandano. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi za a iya amfani da a matsayin hana aifuwa na maza domin gasa kaya. An rajista a matsayin abinci ƙari E1510. Ethanol yana da wani makamashi darajar 7.1 kcal / g.

Effect na ethanol a jikin mutum

A duniya ethanol samar kafa. Wannan shi ne mai muhimmanci abu amfani da dama duniyoyin na rayuwar dan Adam. Tincture a kan barasa ne mai magani. Yana shãfe impregnated da abu da ake amfani da matsayin disinfectant. Amma a nan shi ne abin da tasiri ethanol ne da ciwon a jikin mu idan aka haɗiye? ko shi da amfani ko cutarwa? Wadannan tambayoyi bukatar wani cikakken binciken. Kowa ya sani cewa 'yan adam sun cinye giya da ƙarni. Amma kawai a cikin karni na karshe da matsalar shan barasa ya samu m rabbai. Kakanninmu ci gida-sanya giya, Mead, kuma har ma a yanzu haka rare giya, amma wadannan drinks dauke da wani rauni yawan ethanol. Saboda haka, to sa gwaji cutar da kiwon lafiya, da suka iya ba. Amma bayan Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev barasa diluted da ruwa a wasu rabbai, duk abin da ya canza.

A halin yanzu, barasa - wannan shi ne wani matsala da kusan dukkan kasashen duniya. Da zarar a cikin jiki, barasa yana da wani pathological sakamako a kan kusan dukkan gabobin ba tare da togiya. Dangane da taro, kashi, da kuma hanya na shigarwa ethanol daukan hotuna lokaci iya tabbatar da guba da kuma narcotic sakamako. Shi ne iya rushe da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin, shi na taimaka wa narkewa kamar fili cututtuka, ciki har da ciki ulcers da kuma 12-tiperstnoj hanjinsu. A karkashin mataki na narcotic ake nufi da ikon sa wani mãyen barasa, insensitivity zuwa zafi da ciki na tsakiya m tsarin. Bugu da kari, da mutum yana da wani giya tashin hankali, ya sauri zama kamu. A wasu lokuta, da ya wuce kima yin amfani da ethanol iya haifar da coma.

Abin da ya faru a jikinmu sa'ad da muka sha barasa? Ethanol kwayoyin ne iya bugawa da CNS. A karkashin rinjayar barasa da aka saki hormone endorphin a cikin nucleus din accumbens, kuma a cikin mutane tare da furta shan barasa da kuma orbitofrontal bawo. Amma, duk da haka, duk da wannan, ethanol da aka ba a gane a matsayin jaraba abu, ko da yake yana daukan duk mataki dace. Ethanol da aka ba kunshe a cikin kasa da kasa jerin sarrafawa abubuwa. Kuma yana da wani moot batu, saboda a wasu allurai, wato 12 grams abu da 1 kg na jiki nauyi, ethanol farko kaiwa zuwa m guba, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa.

Abin da cututtuka ne ethanol?

Kai ethanol bayani ne ba carcinogenic. Amma da babban metabolite - acetaldehyde - mai guba da kuma mutagenic abu. Bugu da kari, shi ma yana da carcinogenic dũkiyarsu da kuma tsokani ci gaban ciwon daji. Halayensa da aka yi karatu a vitro a gwaji dabbobi. Wadannan bincike ayyukansu sun haifar da wani da ban sha'awa sosai, amma a lokaci guda gangami sakamakon. Sai dai itace cewa acetaldehyde - ba kawai a carcinogen, zai iya lalata DNA.

Tsawo da yin amfani da giya zai iya sa a adam cututtuka irin su gastritis, hanta cirrhosis, ulcers 12 tiperstnoj miki, na ciki da ciwon daji, esophagus, kananan hanji da kuma ciwon, cututtukan zuciya. Regular ethanol ingress cikin jiki zai iya sa oxidative lalacewar kwakwalwa neurons. Saboda tabarbarewar da jini-kwakwalwa shãmaki, suka mutu. Abuse na drinks ƙunshe da barasa ba kaiwa zuwa shan barasa da kuma na asibiti mutuwa. Mutane suka kai a kai sha barasa, hadarin ciwon zuciya da kuma bugun jini yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Amma dai ba duka da kaddarorin ethanol. Wannan abu ne na halitta metabolite. A kananan yawa da shi za a iya hada a kyallen takarda na jikin mutum. Shi ne ake kira da gaskiya na ciki barasa. Har ila yau, an samar da tsakiyan nonon carbohydrate abinci a cikin gastrointestinal fili. Irin wannan ethanol da ake kira "yanaye na ciki barasa". Iya talakawa breathalyzer domin sanin barasa, wadda aka hada a cikin jiki? Rubuce yana yiwuwa. Its adadin yana da wuya wuce 0,18 ppm. Wannan darajar ne a ƙananan iyakar mafi zamani ma'auni na'urorin.