Etching - shi ne m? iri etching

Etching - wani irin art kwafi, bugu image daga karshe cliché. Gargajiya engraving ne a reprint daga itace, robobi (linoleum) ko wani acrylic abu, yanke ta abun yanka a cikin nau'i na wani juna. Yawan kwaikwayo a wannan yanayin yana da iyaka. Etching - a woodcut, wanda aka kera ta amfani da musamman fasahar. A zuciya na etching Buga - farantin karfe, tagulla, karfe ko tutiya.

etching

Farantin karfe, billet cliché sarrafa acidic kwayoyi. Domin karfe amfani nitric acid, domin jan - chloro reactant.

Farantin karfe da na dace size aka goge wani haske, degreased kuma an rufe shi da wani musamman acid-resistant lacquer. Bayan da bushewa, da workpiece an patterned, wanda zai iya zama m da kuma bukatar daga baya rework. A wasu lokuta, da image za a iya gama baki. A duk ya dogara da fifiko na master. Mutane da yawa artists sami zama dole lafiya-kunna wata cliché, amma wasu yi imani da cewa gaskiya art ba ya bukatar da za a gãfarta. Duk da haka, da hanyar ba da muhimmanci, amma karshe sakamakon. Duk da haka, etching - a real art cewa na bukatar babban fasaha biyu a shirye-shiryen da kuma a lokacin shiri na kai tsaye kwafi.

Processing kewaye

Bayan buga a kan m master tõno bakin ciki kaifi allura duk Lines, cire tare da acid-resistant shafi a so wurare. Kamar wancan ne da karfe wãyi fallasa zuwa samuwa reagent kawai a wadanda maki inda shi wajibi ne don yin sako. Shirye proshtrihovannaya preform aka nutsa cikin zurfin acid, da kuma etching aiwatar fara. Wanka da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne a tam rufe su hana splashing. A wannan yanayin, shi ne tabbatar da bar iska ta shiga cikin dakin, sai iska ba mai karfi mai guba acid tururi.

sunadaran

Etchings - shi ne wani hadadden tsari da bukatar wani yanayi domin tabbatar da tsaro na artist. Sakaci da m matakan da aka ba izini. Chemical kayan ana amfani a cikin machining na ƙarfe workpieces for etching, suna da haɗari isa, su illar a kan jikin mutum dole ne a gaba daya neutralized, ko a kalla rage girmanta. Bayan etching ƙãre kushin aka wanke a ruwan famfo, kuma da shi scraping Paint sharan.

Next, da substrate ne amfani da tawada da cewa ya cika dukan sako. Rarar tawada da aka cire daga surface na tampon. Sa'an nan etching hukumar kwafi an sanya ta latsa. A takardar da aka guga man da tushe na matsa lamba bugu jũya kaifi da kuma bambanci. Saboda haka, etching dabara ba ka damar haifar da zane na wani rikitaccen. thinnest Lines, curls, dige da scratches duba quite organically. Idan lambar kwafi na goma goma da kuma daruruwan, da cliché ne a hankali sharewa kuma hasarar bambanci. A wannan yanayin wajibi ne a lokaci-lokaci sabunta jirgin, kuma rufe shi da lacquer, da kuma acid-etching don zurfafa zane.

bugu siffofin

Farantin karfe da sarrafa ayi kasafi, kuma da pickling tsari, zai iya har yanzu a yi amfani da dama sau. Kowane farantin ne a bugu farantin, wanda ya yi etching kwafi. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan m image. Engraving etching an dauki daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa siffofin art. Yana da aka ɓullo da a farkon 16th karni.

m nasarori

A 1515 ya juya zuwa ga dabara na etching sanannen fenta Albrecht Dürer, ya kafa katakai karfe etching gwaje-gwajen sun farkon wani zamanin da lafiya engraving art. Dürer hada halittar classic zana rubutu etchings, wadannan biyu dabaru sun dade yana da wani m darajar a cikin aikinsa.

Italian fenta Parmigianino, yarda da juna, master of etchings, ya tashe su zuwa ga daraja da gaskiya art. Daga baya, cikin Dutch fenta Rembrandt sanya a cikin hotunan na musamman play haske da launi, a Bugu da kari, ya fara gudanar da aiki sake etching, wanda ya ba unprecedented matse zurfin.

aquatint

A 1765, Faransa fenta Jean-Baptiste Leprens gano wani sabon dabara domin samar da mai taushi sautunan, reminiscent na watercolor. The fasaha ne da ake kira "aquatint". Ga hoton farko etched kwane-kwane canjawa wuri daga tracings Hanyar nakalyvaniya sa'an nan ya rufe kushin a duhu wurare rosin. Board mai tsanani, da foda narke da kuma rufe surface na granular Layer. Bright yankunan da aka sarrafa a cikin saba hanya. Aquatint sau da yawa amfani a hade tare da launi bugu, a baya master wannan dabara aka dauke su Francisco Goya, daya daga cikin mafi kyau-Etchers artists a tarihi.

Zhak Kallo

Tun da etching - shi ne mai dabara art, mafi artists na 16-18th ƙarni na kokarin tabbatar da kansu a cikin wani wuya salo. Duk da haka, da nasarar aka tare da kawai mafi talented. Daya daga cikin shahararrun Masters etching farkon 17th karni wani Faransa artist Zhak Kallo. The artist aiki a m hakikanci style, ya fi shahara ayyukansu wani bangare ne na jerin "munin War", da kuma mafi kaifin master of etching kira "Hung."

iri etching

A 17th karni engraving dabara nasarar amfani da iconography. A wakilin Flemish makaranta na zanen, da artist Anthony Van Deyk, ya zama mai lafiya etcher, aikatawa alfarma Figures. etching art damar zuwa kama mafi dabara nuances na wurin hutawa images.

Wani irin kasance da ake kira haifuwa etching. Yana da ya soma da m. Kusan duk na zane-zane a cikin littattafai da aka buga a lokacin da biyu da rabi na 18th karni, shi ya sanya a cikin dabara na etching. Wannan Hoto Style ne mafi kyau dace domin wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Figures samu m da kyau shige jigon labarin. A zahiri etching jadawalin ya samuwa, mun gwada da m don samun tare, da kuma image quality ya zauna a wani babban matakin.

Mezzotint - irin mafi lokaci-cinyewa, amma sosai tasiri. Ya dogara ne a kan yin amfani da sautunan saboda da "graining" surface na cliché. The karami tududa ba roughness cewa Buga samar da m miƙa mulki daga haske zuwa ga inuwa. Etchings sanya a cikin irin mezzotint daban-daban velvety richness da kuma tabarau.

The "asali" view - sosai m images cewa sun kasance kawai ta fi shahara Masters. Domin da yawa artists, etching ya zama wani irin kanti, ta hanyar abin da za su iya zuwa cikakken gane su m bukatun. A mafi fice a sassaƙa na 18th karni ne dauke da Italian m Giovanni Piranesi, wani marubuci na da yawa images of Roman cityscapes da kayayyakin gargajiya. Babu kasa shahara artists na lokaci sun etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

abu akan sake haihuwa

A cikin karni na 19th ma'adanin na etching fadi cikin disrepair, shi ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar bayyanar bugu da fasahar a cikin wani m hanya. Duk da haka, a karshen karni artists sassake nanata a halin yanzu. New etchings aka daina gani a matsayin wani kwatanci ga littafin edition, sun zama cikakken fledged ayyukan art, m trends a cikin ginshiƙi. A farkon karni na 20th, suka kusata da yawa Faransa painters kamar Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro da sauransu. Ya qware a cikin dabara na etching da kuma manyan mukaman Impressionist fenta Edouard Manet. Daga cikin Rasha artists engraving dabara ƙware Valentin Serov da kuma Ivan Shishkin. American etcher ya Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn a Jamus a kan zana rubutu aiki Adolf Mentsel.