Electroplating karfe galvanizing: fasaha, kayan aiki

Galvanizing - tasiri da kuma m, sabili da haka a na kowa hanyar kare ferrous karafa daga lalata. A mafi yawan lokuta, an yi amfani da sarrafa da hardware da fasteners, da kuma wani karfe raga.

Hanyoyin da ake ji da tutiya shafi

Anticorrosive galvanizing yi a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma sabis rai na shafi dogara a kan kauri daga cikin m Layer.

A Hanyar shafi dogara a kan so Properties, da samfurin size, yanayi domin ta kara yin amfani.

A mafi sauki da kuma manufacturable, amma na samar da kasa jure inji danniya na m Layer, - wani sanyi galvanizing via gona, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin finely raba tutiya foda.

By girma galvanizing samar mukamansu biyu zafi-tsoma galvanizing. A shafi samu a cikin wannan hanya, high quality, kuma m, amma tsabtace muhalli unsafe, tun tutiya narke da ake amfani, amma har yanzu kula da zazzabi dan kadan kasa da 500 ° C na bukatar babban adadin wutar lantarki, sinadaran hanyoyin da surface shiri.

Very kama da zafi-tsoma galvanizing mafi fasaha, amma kasa m Hanyar da ake ji a m Layer na thermal yadawa. Ana amfani da lokacin da kafa high bukatar a da kauri da kuma m shafi zuciya.

Wata hanyar galvanizing - a gas-thermal spraying, wanda ake amfani da kariya daga manyan samfurori da kuma Tsarin da suke da kawai zai yiwu ba ga sa wanka.

Galvanizing rasa da yawa daga cikin disadvantages na sauran shafi hanyoyin da yana da kyau gefe.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga galvanizing

A Hanyar da ake ji da tutiya shafi ta electrolysis ne ya fi kowa.

Babban amfani, saboda wanda shi ne galvanically amfani karfe galvanizing, shi ne babban mataki na kariya da lalata da farfajiya na kayan. A bakin ciki Layer na tutiya qara sabis rai na kayayyakin 'yan sau, sabili da haka ya rage kudin da goyon baya da kuma maye.

A shafi an samu ko da ba tare da zane da kuma droplets riƙe da siffar da size da kayayyakin. Aiwatar da shi ne yiwu ga abubuwa na wani, ko da mafi hadaddun siffofi.

Bayar da m ado coatings ba ya bukatar a mafi yawan lokuta kara magani.

Bayan haka, galvanizing tsari na bukatar kawai qananan kudi, da kuma galvanic aggregates da wani babban aiki.

disadvantages galvanizing

A Hanyar da ake ji a m shafi ta electrolysis ba ba tare da drawbacks.

Babban drawback - low tutiya mannewa zuwa karfe, saboda abin da surface na samfurin dole ne sosai tsabtace.

A downside ne ma samuwar a shafi tsari mai guba sharar bukata tsanani tsaftacewa.

Rashin halaye na iya haifar da ciko na iyaye karfe tare da hydrogen, wanda results a fragility daga cikin samfurin da kuma rushewa daga cikin rufi quality.

manufa na aiki

Galvanizing dogara ne a kan manufa da m sakamako, wanda aka ƙaddara da bambanci a electrochemical iko na tutiya da na baƙin ƙarfe. Kamar yadda tutiya yana da ƙananan electrochemical m, shi ne mai rufi da hadaya kariya ga ferrous karafa. Wannan ne daidai da shi ne fallasa a wani m yanayi na electrochemical lalata.

A hadawan abu da iskar shaka na baƙin ƙarfe oxides suna kafa da ciwon mafi girma girma fiye da asali karfe. A oxide film zama sako-sako da kuma wuce zuwa ba tukuna oxidized karfe oxygen. Kuma tutiya a hadawan abu da iskar shaka fim da aka kafa bakin ciki da kuma m, shi ba ya wuce zuwa da karfe oxygen kare ba kawai shafi amma kuma da tushe karfe a ƙasa.

Iri galvanizing

Galvanizing plating - fasahar, wakiltar electrolysis, watau electrochemical redox matakai a cikin electrolyte ƙarƙashin rinjayar akai lantarki halin yanzu ...

A cikin abun da ke ciki na electrolyte tutiya plating ne zuwa kashi uku iri: acid, Alkali kuma cyanide.

Da aka fi amfani Hanyar da ake ji da tutiya shafi zuwa weakly acidic Wutan, musamman ga baƙin ƙarfe, da karfe sassa na hadaddun sanyi. Products sanya na carbon kuma gami steels tare da wani tutiya shafi fallasa zuwa kasa faru na hydrogen embrittlement, mãdalla da bayyanar da aka samu, tare da m ado sakamako a mai fadi da kewayon launuka.

Ƙarin kariya ga galvanizing

The m mataki na tutiya shafi dogara a kan ta kauri, wanda a cikin galvanic shaida na 5 microns, da kuma yanayin da electrolyte.

A wasu lokuta, da m Properties na tutiya shafi qara passivation, phosphating ko zanen.

Passivation (chromating) - sinadaran magani na kayayyakin a mafita daga chromic acid ko salts daga gare ta, a sakamakon wanda surface kafa chromate fim. Wannan tsari ba kawai qara m Properties na da yawa breeds, domin a sakamakon inganta sheki shafi, kuma shi za a iya fentin a wasu launuka.

Lokacin da phosphating (jiyya da phosphoric acid a salts) galvanized kayayyakin a cikin phosphate film kafa surface. Bayan phosphating iya har yanzu amfani da fenti.

Akayi galvanizing

Production electroplating galvanizing kunshi dama matakai, kowanne daga wanda aka kare ta wanka a ruwan famfo baho ko wanka buroshi da kuma hanya.

Da farko kayayyakin ne a hankali tsabtace na tsatsa, sikelin, fasaha man shafawa, coolant ko Paint sharan kuma degreased a Alkali mafita. Sai electrolytic degreasing.

Sa'an nan etched a wani ruwa-ruwa bayani na hydrochloric acid a cikin abin da karshe surface an tsabtace ba tare da damuwa da surface Layer da pickling da shi ya auku - kunnawa kafin aikace-aikace na tutiya shafi. Kawai to, ku zõ nasu galvanizing.

Bayan haka, idan ya cancanta, tãtacce kuma tsarkake kayayyakin na oxide fim a wani ruwa-ruwa nitric acid bayani, sa'an nan phosphating, passivation da bushewa.

Ƙarin ayyukan za a iya yi tare da galvanizing daban-daban kayayyakin. Alal misali, tsiri ne unwound kafin galvanizing, welded iyakar, kullum bayan wani oiled da kuma rauni.

Kayan aiki don galvanizing

Banana layi - wani takamaiman jerin aiwatar baho da rinsing a cikinsa ne mono- ko multilayer tutiya shafi da ake so aikin Properties.

A daidai da samar da kayan aiki girma amfani da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na mechanization. Manyan kamfanonin an kafa mechanized Lines tare da m iko. Akwai Lines tare da m ko full manual iko kazalika da mini-line.

Galvanizing line kunshi ba kawai daga cikin baho. Yana hada kai da tsarin na daban-daban kayayyaki, da zama dole kayan aiki ga ruwa mai guba da magani, karin kayan aiki, wanda ya hada da wajen domin galvanizing, dumama abubuwa, zafi exchangers, da cathode da anode sanda.

The m ya hada da samun iska tsarin, bushewa kabad da refrigeration kayan aiki, tace kayan aiki, samun kayan aiki demivody farashinsa.

Wutan for galvanizing

Domin galvanizing, dangane da manufar da samfurin da aka yi amfani da Wutan, wanda ya kasu kashi biyu main kungiyoyin.

Wutan a wadda tutiya ne a cikin nau'i na sauki hydrated ions, da ake kira mai sauki acid. Wannan fluoboric, sulfate da chloride mafita.

Complex hadedde acidic da alkaline Wutan dauke da tutiya ions a wani hadadden tare da wani tabbatacce kuma korau cajin. Wannan ammine, pyrophosphate, cyanide da kuma sauran mafita.

A kan abin da electrolyte ne amfani, shi ya dogara da farko a kan shaida kudi, sa'an nan ingancin adibas na tutiya a kan labarin (da cathode).

Daga hadaddun Wutan tutiya ajiye a cathode a high watsawa na ions. Tare da kara na yanzu yawa karfe rage-rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma qara yawan amfanin ƙasa na hydrogen.

Saboda haka galvanizing a hadaddun Wutan yi a low halin yanzu yawa, da kuma shafi ne mai matukar high quality, lafiya grained da kuma kama.

A weakly acidic Wutan sauki galvanic tutiya, a gida ciki har da, wuce a high halin yanzu yawa, tare da mafi girma daga lokacin da yin amfani da hadaddun mafita kudi. Bayyanar da kayayyakin samu ne mai kyau, amma da shafi ba sosai high quality, kuma shi ne dace kawai in mun gwada sauki samfurin siffofi.

galvanizing

Fasaha tsari na faruwa kai tsaye a cikin galvanizing wanka na electrolyte. Yana tsallake daga black karfe kayayyakin, wanda aka ciyar da ta musamman wayoyin lantarki halin yanzu (da cathode), kuma tsarki tutiya ko a cikin nau'i na faranti na bukukuwa cushe a cikin na musamman raga sassan (anode).

A lokacin electrochemical dauki ƙarƙashin rinjayar da lantarki yawa 1 zuwa 5 A / DM tutiya narkar da a electrolyte, sa'an nan ta ions aka ajiye a kan cathode samar da wata plating kauri daga 4-25 microns.

Wancan ne, yin amfani da wannan dabara ne samu fasteners (kusoshi da kwayoyi) tare da uniform da m shafi.

Sarrafa kansa line for galvanizing

Modern galvanizing layi - shi ne mai cikakken sarrafa kansa line, wanda ya aiwatar da matakai na shafi, ciki har da waldi da degreasing na ingancin kayayyakin na daban-daban ayyuka da kuma sanyi.

Atomatik line kullum kunshi wani sa na fasaha plating baho, ire rectifiers, loading / Ana saukewa rumfa, kai kayan aiki, Boats domin shan iska, samar da ruwa da kuma sallama daga najasa, karfe frame tare da tsani tabbatarwa.

Electroplating baho za a iya sanya daga bakin karfe, karfe, liyi tare da robobi ko roba. Modern wanka, welded daga takardar polymers suna ƙara maye gurbin karfe gwangwani. Selection baho abu dogara a kan abun da ke ciki da kuma maida hankali electrolyte da aiki da zazzabi.

Communications samar da ruwa da kuma Sewerage tsarin, da kuma a mafi yawan lokuta zubar karkashin samun iska baho da kuma sanya daga propylene.

The girma na line ƙaddara da iyawarsa, kuma girma na galvanic baho.

Galvanizing faruwa tare da samuwar sharar gida da ruwa tare da wani babban taro na nauyi karfe ions. Saboda haka, da suka bayar da shawara, tace, neutralized, ta amfani da sinadaran tururi shaida, da sauran sorption matakai a cikin kwantena da aka yi da injiniya polymers.

Tutiya electroplating a gida

Galvanizing, samar da hannuwansu, shi zai fara tare da zabin da kayan. A electrolyte iya zama wani bayani da tutiya chloride da hydrochloric acid a distilled ruwa. Wannan ake kira soldering acid, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a gida. Sana'a etched tutiya a sulfuric acid da baturi shirya ZnSO ₄ electrolyte, amma wannan tsari ne m, saboda da dauki samar da zafi da kuma fashewar hydrogen. A electrolyte a wani hali ya kamata ba za a precipitate na insoluble gishiri lu'ulu'u.

Pure tutiya za a iya saya a kantin sayar da mai da sunadarai reagents ko a rediyo, kuma za a iya samu daga gishiri batura ko fis din, kiyaye daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Galvanic wanka iya zama wani gilashi ko filastik ganga. Yana tsaye domin saita anode da cathode. A anode - wani tutiya farantin, to wanda aka haɗa daga samar da wutar lantarki "da". A mafi cikin anode, da more uniform wani shafi a kan cathode samfurin wanda aka yi amfani da m shafi. A anode iya zama kadan, su za a iya sanya a kusa da cathode a wannan distance ga surface na tutiya mai rufi gaba ɗaya da kuma lokaci guda a kan dukkan bangarorin. Don a cathode alaka "debe" ikon Madogararsa.

Ko a lokacin da a gida sanya galvanizing plating fasahar dole hada da tsaftace kuma degreasing daga sassa, kazalika da ta kunnawa a wani acid bayani.

Power Supply - wannan shi ne wani mota baturi tare da wani Lagwani fitilar na low ikon ko wasu mabukaci a cikin rangadi zuwa yanzu a cikin kewaye ya kasa ko samar da wutar lantarki tare da akai ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa. Babban abu ne cewa babu wani m tafasar da electrolyte a lokacin galvanizing.

A gaskiya galvanizing faruwa a lokacin da anode da cathode an tsallake a cikin electrolyte da lantarki kewaye da aka rufe. A daina aiwatar, da thicker da tutiya Layer samu a samfur.

Tare da galvanizing m shafi a kan samfurin zama daidai, uniform da santsi, tare da ado sakamako. Ana amfani da biyu a masana'antu da kuma a gida, duk da cewa yana daukan ruwa mai guba daga environmentally m sharar gida.