A sakamakon Magellan da balaguro gaban wanda an kafa? The balaguro na Ferdinand Magellan

Ba tare da tsoro romantics, adventurers da masoya na duniya na kasada, dã mun kasance m. Kuma quite daban-daban, saboda yawa saura su taba bude, ba gano, ba ƙirƙira.

A zamanin Gwargwadon binciken

Yana maida hankali ne akan tsawon lokacin da explorers una sabon hanyoyi gano nahiyoyi da kuma tsibiran, canza taswirar duniya. Na rufe wannan zamanin na dama lokaci:

• Early, a lokacin da jirgin saba da India da kuma cikin tekun Atlantic, da Rum, da Baltic Sea, da Yellow Sea da kuma Black Sea, skirted Afirka da kuma sanya m maps of wadannan yankunan.
• Average, lõkacin da suka bũɗe Amirka nahiyar, da muka samu a teku hanya daga Turai zuwa Asia, sanya farko circumnavigation na duniya da kuma gano Australia.
• Daga baya, a lokacin da ya yi karatu a Arewa-Maso-Yamma America, Antarctica, da tekuna.

A tsakiyar goma sha biyar-goma sha bakwai ƙarni kira da zamanin mai binciken. Kuma magana na cewa lokaci, ba a ma maganar da sunan navigator, wanda da gudummawar da kimiyyar zamani. Wannan Magellan Fernando, mutumin da ya tabbatar da cewa, Duniya ne a Sphere.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Magellan

F. Magellan (Magalyaynsh) an haife shi a Portugal a 1470. Amma babban rabo, don kimiyya ya sanya a karkashin Spanish flag. A matasa mutum ya zo daga mai daraja iyali, don haka samu mai kyau da ilimi, da kuma yi a cikin Navy. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Magellan Fernando koma Spain, inda ya kawo shawara ga Sarki tafiya daftarin, wanda bayan da yawa tunani tukuna aka soma. Kuma balaguro na biyar jiragen tafi shahara tafiya.

A wannan tafiya da aka gano da kuma tsara da Coast ta Kudu Amurka, kudancin mashigar, wanda daga baya ya karbi sunan, Patagonian Cordillera. Hanyar mahajjata, sun shige ta da tekun Pacific, wanda a baya bai je jirãge a Turai, Guinea, da Philippines. Akwai wani yaƙi tare da mazauni Fernando aka kashe, amma da tawagar ya kasance babban abu.

A sakamakon haka, an samu balaguro Magellan gaban guda teku sun tabbatar da cewa duniya ne ball siffar. Amma wannan bayanai da aka kimanta da jama'a da yawa daga baya.

Matsatsiyar na Magellan

Hanyar Magellan da matukan jirgin suka fara Satumba 20, 1519. Kananan jirgin ruwa a wani yawa na biyar guda, wanda aka dauke 265 mutane, fita zuwa teku. A kyaftin amfani da musamman yi sigina tsarin cewa a yarda duk jirãge zauna tare. Fernando so su ƙetare Atlantic, don haka a kusa da ƙarshen watan Disamba, ya kai Rio de la Plata. Fiye da wata daya da suka kasance sunã neman wani sashi zuwa ta Kudu Sea, amma aka tilasta zauna domin hunturu. Uku jirgi ya fara wani bore, amma ya aka gilla mur. A sakamakon Magellan da balaguro kafa da wanzuwar guda teku, da matsatsiyar da aka samu, da tafiya ci gaba. Duk da haka, wanda jirgin ya farfashe, kuma sauran yashe.

A mutuwa na shugaban

A karshen Nuwamba 1520 flotilla shiga ta Kudu Sea, wanda aka kira da tekun Pacific, saboda yayin da iyo ta hanyar shi ci gaba da kyau weather. Watanni hudu da tawagar ciyar a cikin teku, kasancewa a kan gãɓar rãmi na rayuwa. Yunwa, scurvy, a high mace-mace kudi - wancan ne abin da mahalarta da su je ta farko tafiya a duniya. A karshe, cikin balaguro na Ferdinand Magellan ya a Philippine tarin tsiburai. Akwai, da Spain ayyana tsibirin rike su King da nema da ci.

Amma da mazauni da sauran tsare-tsaren. Sarauta Cebu wai shirya wani liyafa a cikin girmamawa ga baki a cikin abin da ya tasar wa baƙi. A karo kashe kansa Magellan. The tawagar tattara zuwa ga jirgin, amma mutane ba su da isasshen, don haka daya daga cikin jiragen ya ƙone.

Manufar da aka kai?

All yanzu sani cewa a sakamakon Magellan da balaguro kafa da wanzuwar guda teku a duniya hade straits da kuma tashoshi. Amma tsibirin kayan yaji, wanda ya kasance a kan hanyar navigator, duk da haka an har yanzu bata.

Game da hudu watanni jiragen ruwa yawonta tekuna har ya sauka a tsibirin Tidore. A nan, ya kara da makon jiya, inda, da kuma sayen wani furen karnesha, da jirgin ruwa na ci gaba kan hanyar. Amma suka rarrabu, daya gangarawa yamma tare da Afirka da kuma sauran wadanda ake tsare don gyara. "Victoria" ya kammala duniya na farko duniya yawon shakatawa Satumba 6, 1522. A kan jirgin duk goma sha takwas maza bar. A kadan daga baya a Spain koma goma sha bakwai mutane a kan jirgin "Trinidad". Sayar da kayan yaji, da tawagar ya biya bashin dukan halin kaka na dogon tafiya.

maimakon wani epilogue

Tamanin da farko tafiya invaluable. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a sakamakon Magellan da balaguro kafa da wanzuwar tekuna. Mariners sun tabbatar da cewa wannan duniya tamu shi ne kasa ƙasar fiye da ruwa. The sunan jarumi Portuguese kira su ba kawai bude mashigar a cikin Pacific Ocean, amma biyu star gungu da aka ambata da Antonio Pifachetta, memba na balaguro da ta tarihi. Sailor sadaukar litattafan da gudanar da bincike.

Amma idan tafiya ya kawo amfani ga Fernand da iyalinsa? Ya mutu a lokacin tafiya, a lõkacin da ya yi kokari, kamar conquistadors, iko da mazauni na Philippine Islands. The ƙungiya yashe jirgin Magellan da ake zargi da laifin cin amanar kasa, don haka ya dauki kashe tare da duk gata da kuma amfanin. A wannan shekarar, kafin na karshe jirgin flotilla ya jefa wani anga gida, Fernando ta dan ya mutu. Kuma watanni shida daga baya ya mutu matarsa suka kawai ba haihuwa zuwa ɗa na biyu matattu. Wannan shi ne abin da farashin da matafiyi ya biya mai girma samu!