Diamonds wucin gadi: sunan samar

Diamonds janyo hankalin mutãne tun lokacin da. A m kyau na duwatsun nan ya sa su yi amfani da su haifar da daban-daban da ado. Duk da haka, daga baya, mutane sami sauran amfani Properties na lu'u-lu'u - su musamman ƙarfi ne, kuma daga bãyan wancan. Don tabbatar da bukatun samar da yanayi bai haifar da yawa na wannan kaya, don haka mutane da wani ra'ayin - zuwa tsirar Diamonds artificially.

lu'u-lu'u darajar

Diamond ne dauke da wani musamman dutse, yana da wani rare hade da muhimmanci halaye: karfi watsawa, high thermal watsin, taurin, Tantancewar tsabta, karko. Saboda ta jiki da kuma inji Properties na lu'u-lu'u da ake nuna yabo sosai ba kawai kayan ado masana, amma kuma yadu a yi amfani da daban-daban da masana'antu. Saboda haka, wannan duwatsu masu daraja a yi amfani da magani, kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da kuma microelectronics.

Amma don cikar hadu da samar da bukatun tsabta halitta Diamonds ne da wuya sosai, kuma quite tsada. Saboda wannan dalili, Adam ya fara tunani game da yadda za a yi wani wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u. Roba dutse ya kamata ba kawai mallaki muhimmanci kaddarorin da lu'u-lu'u, amma kuma suna da wani karin cikakken crystal tsarin, wanda yake da muhimmanci sosai ga babban fasahar yankunan.

Kamar kowane roba Diamonds

A bukatar haifar da wani roba dutse tashi mai dogon lokaci. Amma a yi, shi da za'ayi kawai a cikin XX karni. Har sai wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya ba su iya fito da yi na lu'u-lu'u da fasaha, yayin da iya tabbatar cewa su danginsa tare da talakawa carbon. Kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata na farko roba lu'u-lu'u, wanda aka samu daga graphite karkashin high zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ta hanyar wani lokaci na mika mulki da aka kafa. Daga wannan lokacin suka fara samar da wucin gadi Diamonds, wanda yanzu amfani da dama daban-daban abubuwa na kayan aiki da kuma kida.

lu'u-lu'u samar da fasaha

A zamaninmu, don samar da roba dutse ta amfani da dama fasahar, kowanne daga abin da yana da halaye. A mafi yawan abin dogara, amma mafi tsada fasaha shi ne samar da lu'u-lu'u crystalline carbon cewa tana wurinta don aiki a wani musamman latsa. Na farko, a kan abu da za a bi ne pumped iko ruwa. Wannan halitta a high matsa lamba. Sa'an nan, ruwa freezes a ƙarƙashin rinjayar refrigerant, inda matsa lamba da aka kara wa sau 10. A karshe mataki jam'iyya a cikin abin da carbon an haɗa zuwa bas sanduna da kuma aka kawota ga 'yan kasarun adadi na biyu da karfi halin yanzu. Karkashin lokaci daya mataki na zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba, da hira da graphite a m dutse. Bayan wannan lokaci, latsa ne thawed, drained ruwa da kuma shirye su dauki fitar da wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u.

Girma lu'u-lu'u methane

Har yanzu amfani da sauki roba dutse samar da fasaha - tsãwa hanya, wanda ba ka damar gina wani wucin gadi crystal ƙarƙashin rinjayar methane. Sau da yawa sosai, a samar da roba lu'u lu'u ne domin biyu fasahar. Gaskiyar ita ce, a farko idan yana yiwuwa don samun mafi girma yawan fita daga Diamonds, amma su ne kadan. Na biyu fasahar samar da damar da yawa kara sakamakon roba dutse ta amfani da methane hurawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafin jiki na game da 1100 ° C. tsãwa Hanyar sa ya yiwu a samar da wani wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u na wani size.

Nau'in na roba lu'u-lu'u

A zamaninmu, samar da nau'o'in roba lu'u-lu'u: cubic zirconia, moissanite lu'ulu'u, ferroelectric, rutile, mãkirci, cerussite. A mafi m karya ne lu'u-lu'u da aka dauke su cubic zirconia ko zirconium shigen sukari. Yana da wani zirconia. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sun ji, kamar yadda kira wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u zircon. Ko da yake ba ya da wani dangane da halitta dutse m.

Fianit halin high taurin, wani babban mataki na watsawa da kuma Refractive index. Saboda da kaddarorin wannan dutse daidai simulates wani real lu'u-lu'u da kuma aka yadu a yi amfani da kayan ado masana'antu. Ko masana kusan tsirara ido ba zai iya rarrabe a karya ne daga asali, saboda sun yi wasa da wannan hanya.

A mafi ingancin lu'u-lu'u da aka dauke su wani analogue na moissanite. Yana yana da guda jiki Properties, kamar yadda waɗanda na halitta dutse, da kuma a kan Tantancewar sigogi da shi ko da mafi alhẽri. Its kawai drawback - shi ne na biyu a bãyan wancan.

Musamman rare lu'ulu'u sanya gubar gilashi, hada da gubar oxide. Saboda da abun da ke ciki da duwatsu ban mamaki play a kan haske da kwanyarsa ne m ga kwanyarsa na Diamonds.

Ina amfani da roba Diamonds

Artificial lu'u-lu'u kayan ado factory ne yadu used domin samar da alatu kayan ado da cewa ba za su kawai duba da kyau, amma kuma sosai araha. Products tare da karya duwatsu ba su duba muni da kyau sawa.

Har ila yau girma roba lu'u-lu'u ne wani ɓangare na zamani masana'antu. Bisa su suna sanya nauyi-taƙawa kayayyakin: nika ƙafafun, lu'u-lu'u sawa ruwan wukake, polishing ƙafafun, chisels, drills, scalpels, wukake, daban-daban masu saro da hanzaki. Kayan aiki sanya daga lu'u-lu'u da kayan sa shi yiwuwa a aiwatar da karfi gami da kayan. Bugu da kari, da lu'u-lu'u na samar da matsakaicin daidaito a inji da kuma na'urorin.

Yadda za ka ƙirƙiri wani wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u a gida

Wasu masana jayayya cewa a girma a roba lu'u-lu'u ne zai yiwu a gida. Amma da m samar da wucin gadi Diamonds bukatar lokaci mai yawa, kuma kokarin. Za mu nuna maka yadda za ka girma mai ma'adinai gishiri cewa ya dubi vaguely kama wani lu'u-lu'u.

Saboda haka, don ƙirƙirar irin wannan dutse bukatar Boiled ruwa, gishiri, da sinadaran tasoshi, wani m takardar da takarda da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje tace. Dole ne ka farko shirya wani kananan crystal. Don yin wannan, cika beaker 1/5 na gishiri, zuba rabin na dumi ruwa da Mix. Idan an narkar da, to, kana bukatar cika up kadan more. Gishiri ya kamata a kara muddin dai an daina narke. A bayani da aka sa'an nan tace a cikin wani kwano, a cikin abin da dutse za su ci gaba da girma da kuma rufe takardar. Duk lokacin da ka bukata don sarrafa bayani matakin. A dutse dole ba zama a cikin iska. Idan bayani ne evaporated, shi wajibi ne don shirya wani sabon da kuma sake cika.

Mutane da suke yin wadannan gwaje-gwajen, jãyayya da cewa ga wani mako gida wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u kamata girma muhimmanci.

A kudin roba lu'u-lu'u

A yau duniya na roba duwatsu sun shagaltar da raba kashi na kasuwar na kayan ado. Samun wucin gadi Diamonds shi ne kullum ana inganta. Masana kimiyya ƙirƙira sabon duwatsu, wanda nan take samun m shahararsa, kuma mazan rasa su bukatar da hankali bace daga kasuwar. Alal misali, a cikin tsakiyar karni XX a yi koyi da lu'u-lu'u kayan ado saka roba rutile. Sai aka maye gurbinsu da wani mai siffar sukari zirconia. Kuma a cikin 90-ies. duk gabata kwaikwayo na lu'u-lu'u moissanite maye gurbinsu.

Prices for roba lu'u-lu'u dogara a kan girman, da yanke, da kuma samar da fasahar. Mutane da yawa kuskure yi imani da cewa roba duwatsu - wannan shi ne al'ada gilashi, kuma ba su gani a su da wani kima. Amma a gaskiya, wadannan Diamonds sau da yawa kudin kudi mai yawa, kuma daga gare su akwai quite rare. Alal misali, wasu nau'in na roba lu'u-lu'u na iya zama da daraja fiye da na halitta takwarorinsu.

Daga cikin roba Diamonds an dauke su da mafi m phianites launi daban-daban. Su talakawan kudin da Carat faceted form jeri daga 1 zuwa $ 5. A sanannun analogue lu'u-lu'u moissanite ne yafi tsada - 70-150 dalar Amurka da Carat.

Muhimman abubuwan da farashin samuwar kan duwatsu ne launi. Saboda haka, da darajar da rawaya lu'u-lu'u ne 40-50 daloli ga wani 0.2 Carat, amma dutsen kifi ruwan hoda launi, dangane da girman da biya game da $ 3,000.

shugabannin duniya

A cikin 'yan shekaru, shugabannin duniya a samar da roba duwatsu suna dauke su China, Japan, Amurka da kuma Rasha. A mafi rayayye tasowa wannan layi na kasar Sin, kullum bisa ƙirƙira sabon kira da fasaha.