Kwalta yawa. Abun da ke ciki kwalta, Gost, makãmashi, siffofin

Kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da hanya-kayan gini kwalta amfani a yau, Gost wanda bukatar yarda da yawa da kuma abun da ke ciki. Don kwanan wata, akwai da dama maki, iri da iri kayan. Dalili na rarrabuwa ne ba kawai da tushen da aka gyara, amma kuma da rabo a cikin abun da ke ciki na taro kasarun adadi. Kwalta kasu kashi Categories ma ga dalilin cewa gyara iya daban-daban sulusi da murabba'i game tsakuwa da yashi, kuma mataki na tsarkakewa da ma'adinai foda.

tsarin

A abun da ke ciki na kwalta presupposes:

• tsakuwa.
• tsakuwa.
• yashi.
• bitumen.
• ma'adinai foda.

Game da kufai a karkara, wasu irin wannan shafi ba samar wa da amfani. Duk da haka, juji, ko tsakuwa ake bukata, idan za'ayi asphalting da ƙasa shan la'akari tsanani dõgẽwa lodi da babban zirga-zirga benaye. Wadannan kayan su ne a lokaci guda zama a matsayin m kashi karkasoobrazuyuschego.

Kamar yadda wani m feedstock amfani da ma'adinai foda, shi yana kunshe ne a cikin abun da ke ciki na iri daban-daban da kuma brands na kwalta. Mass sulusi da murabba'i na foda ne m da shan la'akari da bukatun da kuma ayyuka da danko. Idan ka yi amfani da ma'adinai foda a babban adadin, da kayan tsiwirwirinsu da ikon zuwa damp vibrations na gada tsarin ba a rufe tare da fasa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da yashi a yi amfani da mafi brands da kuma iri na kwalta. Its ingancin ne m da mataki na tsarkakewa da kuma samar da hanya. A kayan iya samar da bude hanya, wanda idan ta unshi da bukatar tsaftace. Ginshiƙin da masana'antu ne a bitumen. Yana da wani samfurin man fetur refining.

Mass sulusi da murabba'i na bitumen a mafi maki na kwalta bai wuce kashi 5%. Duk da haka, idan so bayar da damar gudanar yankunan, wanda da wani hadadden topography, bitumen za a iya amfani da a cikin adadin up to 10% da kuma more. Wannan albarkatun kasa ya ba da yawa da kuma elasticity daga cikin cakuda bayan solidification. A karshe abun da ke ciki an sauƙi rarraba kan site, saboda yana da fluidity.

The yawa da kuma asali halaye na halitta kwalta

kwalta yawa - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin na farko halaye da cewa sha'awar kwararru da kuma masu zaman kansu developers. Halitta ta bambance-bambancen ne a low narkewa m taro baki. A nuna na kayan iya samun m ko maras ban sha'awa launi.

kwalta yawa ne 1.1 g / cm³. Da narkewa zafin jiki iya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 100 ° C. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na mai dauke a cikin adadin 25 zuwa 40%, da kuma resinous-asphaltene abu da za a iya kunshe ne a cikin wani juz'i na 60 zuwa 75%. Amma ga elemental abun da ke ciki na wani kaso ya ne kamar haka:

• C - 80-85.
• H - 10-12.
• S - 0,1-10.
• Game da - 2-3.

Da yawa daga kwalta ka riga sani, amma wannan halayyar ne ba kadai cewa sha'awar masu amfani. Daga cikin sauran siffofin da ya kamata a yi na wani hanya domin kafa sharan ko mai kasarun adadi evaporative haske gyara da kuma hadawan abu da iskar shaka a ƙarƙashin rinjayar supergene.

Halaye wucin gadi kwalta

Artificial kwalta kuma ake kira kwalta cakuda. Yana da wani m tsarin ma'adinai foda, tsakuwa, bitumen da yashi. Found zafi kwalta, wanda aka aza ta da hatimin lokacin da fallasa zuwa da zazzabi na 180 ° C ko fiye. Idan amfani a samar da tsari a low-danko bitumen, da stacking ne da za'ayi a zazzabi jere daga 40 zuwa 80 ° C. Idan wani ruwa bitumen, kwalta ne sai sanyi compacted da kuma a yanayin zafi har zuwa -30 ° C.

Babban brands na kwalta da Gost

Da yawa daga m kwalta da aka ambata a sama, duk da haka, ya kamata sane ma da cewa da yawan sinadaran a cikin abun da ke ciki rinjayar da brands da kuma iri na kwalta. Yau da kullum yarda uku iri, wanda aka sanya a cikin daidai da Gost 9128-2009. za a iya samu a wadannan matsayin, da yiwuwar Bugu da kari na Additives cewa kara da hydrophobicity, sanyi juriya, karko da kuma sassauci daga cikin rufi.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare daga cikin iri 1 kwalta ya ƙunshi:

• nunawa.
• yashi.
• tsakuwa.
• kankare.
• ma'adinai foda.

By wannan m shafi hada da kayan a wadda abun ciki na kufai a karkara su iya bambanta a cikin kewayon daga 30 zuwa 60%. Wannan ya hada da high-yawa, sosai porous MacAdam da porous kwalta. Kwalta, Gost wanda dole ne a yi la'akari da lokacin yi, za a iya kerarre karkashin alamar kasuwanci 2. A abun da ke ciki na kayan ƙunshi:

• tsakuwa.
• kankare.
• , kawar da nunawa.
• yashi.
• ma'adinai foda.

Wannan category kamata hada sosai porous yashi, porous da kuma m kwalta a cikin abin da tsakuwa ciki na iya bambanta daga 30 zuwa 50%, alhãli kuwa da cakuda dropout crushing da yashi iya adadin up to 70% girma.

Da yawa daga kwalta ka riga sani, amma kana bukatar ka sani kuma mafi game da gaskiyar cewa akwai iri Kwalta 3, shi ya ƙunshi:

• , kawar da nunawa.
• ma'adinai yashi.
• bitumen foda.

A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da blends na murƙushe dutse da tsakuwa cewa zai iya zama ba a cikin kewayon daga 30 zuwa 50%. Screenings crushing da yashi kunshe ne a cikin wani juz'i na 30 zuwa 70%.

description brands

kwalta Yawa (t / M3) ne 1.1. Duk da haka, wannan ba duk akwai su sani game da kaddarorin. Alal misali, kwalta sa 1 iya zama sosai porous ko m MacAdam high. A ikon yinsa, daga amfani da shafi da kuma ayyukan matsayin aikin gina hanya gyara shimfidar wuri. Kamar yadda na kwalta sa 2, da kewayon da yawa ya zauna a game da wannan, amma da yawan tsakuwa da yashi dabam yadu. Wannan kwalta da aka dauke su ilimin kididdiga talakawan. Cakuda da aka yi amfani domin gina manyan hanyoyi, hanyoyin sarari Planning, gyarawa coatings, kazalika da samuwar yankunan da mota Parks.

ƙarshe

kwalta Yawa (t / M3) ne 1.1. Amma wannan zabin ne ba kawai wanda ya kamata ka sani. Alal misali, yana da daraja ambata ma a nawa na kwalta, wanda ya shafi yankin na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, da tsibirin Trinidad, Venezuela, Faransa da kuma Canada. Hadawa ma'adinai yayan, ciki har da yashi da tsakuwa, da kayan jũya a cikin wani karfi ɓawon burodi a kan surface na man tabkuna. Wannan shafi da aka yada a cikin kanti yankunan da m surface na duniya zuwa mai-qazanta kankara.