Da muhimmancin da jihar a cikin tattalin arziki rai (gurguzanci). ayyuka na jihar a cikin tattalin arzikin

Tarayyar Soviet tsaye ga kungiyar Soviet Socialist jamhuriyoyin. Shi ne ma'ana ga ɗauka cewa dukan waɗanda suke zaune a wani kadan daga cikin kasar, da tunanin abin da yake gurguzanci. Tabbatar da dalilin da littafi - wani abu, ba shakka, da amfani, amma shi ne da ka'ida. Amma rayuwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - ne yi! Shin shi mai yawa a cikin na kowa?

ka'idar gurguzanci

Gurguzanci a matsayin falsafa ra'ayi akwai fiye da daya karni. Ƙirƙira shi ya ba Karl Marx. Game da gurguzanci rubuta Plato, shi ne Popular a zamanin tsohuwar Girka da ra'ayi. Nuna babban yabo da ra'ayoyi da gurguzanci Campanella da kuma Thomas More. Kuma a sa'an nan ra'ayinsu a kan wannan batu bayyana Karl Marks.

Menene ainihin ideas na gurguzanci? Negation na da ra'ayin masu zaman kansu dukiya da kuma Karkasa redistribution na dũkiya. A cewar gurguzu theorists, shi ne wani shiri na al'umma za su haifar da mafi kawai, kuma free al'umma a cikin abin da duk 'yan ƙasa ne daidai. Duk da haka, tambaya taso: Wa zai raba da tara amfanin tsakanin daidaita 'yan kasa? More daidai jama'a? Kuma ba zai kasance a cikin hannuwansu ikon da aka mayar da hankali ne yafi muhimmanci fiye da wani kenkenewa-bourgeois ko mai cikakkar monarch?

disadvantages ka'idar

Wannan tambaya - shi ne ba kawai daya. Irin wannan ma'ana inconsistencies da ka'idar da yawa na gurguzanci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ya wanzu ne kawai a matsayin falsafa ra'ayi, da kuma marubuta daga ayyukan kishin ta aka kira idealists da utopians. Mai daidai ya bayyana classic, mai ladabi gurguzanci definition of "unsustainable".

Karl Marx da kansa, da nuna jin goyon bayan wannan falsafa Trend, imani da cewa gabatarwar wannan ka'idar a cikin rayuwar 'yan adam ne yin wani juyin tsalle. Kuma a gaskiya, da asali ideas data kasance gurguzanci a cikin tsarki, ta yanayi dadadde ta fom nema. Saboda zo a cikin kai tsaye rikici da shika-shikan da mutum psyche. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane ba kamiltattu ba ne, bã su da wani wuri a cikin Utopia.

Kasashen na kokarin gina gurguzanci

Ƙunshe falsafa ra'ayi - mafi daidai characterizes definition of gurguzanci. A tarihin wannan yunkuri za a iya ƙarasa da cewa yunkurin na ta m aikace-aikace - shi ne sosai m. Very 'yan kasashen da suka zaba wannan hanya sun kasance m.

More daidai, daya kawai - Sweden. South America da Afirka na iya zama wajen counter-tallace yi na gurguzanci da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, ko da yake da shi ya samu nasarori, amma kuma yanzu ya tashi daga ka'idodi na koyarwa.

Wani lokaci, a matsayin misali na kasashen da suka samu nasara a cikin wannan yankin da aka kira Sin. Amma shi iya wuya a yi la'akari Maoism ne daya daga cikin rassan gurguzanci. The Sin da kansu a koyaushe dauke da kansu gurguzun da nationalists. Kuma da ra'ayoyi na humanism, a kan wanda ya ginu ne a gargajiya gurguzanci, Maoism dan hanya.

Saboda haka, idan akai la'akari da kwarewa da m aiwatar da ka'idar duniya daidaito a rayuwa, shi ne mafi alhẽri dõgara a kan kwarewa da kasashen biyu: Sweden da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Suka tafi raba hanyoyi da kuma samun daban-daban fassarar rukunan gurguzanci. Kuma sakamakon da aka samu kawai kishiyar. Amma mafi m kwatanta su.

Tattalin arziki da kuma bayyana tsari

Duk wani siyasa ka'idar ko da yaushe dogara ne a kan tattalin arzikin. Wannan - da nama da jini tsarin, rufin kuma katangu. ma'ana - rawar da tattalin arzikin a cikin al'umma. Kuma idan a na farko a ra'ayinsu na siyasa da zai iya samar da tattalin arziki da kuma kudi dangantakar, sa'an nan halin da ake ciki canza zuwa kishiyar. Tattalin arzikin a cikin al'umma taka wata rawar da haddasa, kuma da jima kasar shugabanci zai fahimci wannan, da mafi alheri. A classic misali na irin wannan halin da ake ciki - Rasha 20-ies karni na karshe. Siyasance ya halakar da haihuwa tattalin arziki domin da kokarin artificially haifar da wani sabon daidai akida. Lalle ne, ga wasu lokaci, wannan cadaver wanzu. Amma da rikicin ya barke, da kuma an tilasta wa gwamnatin gyara akidar da kuma ɗauki mataki don raya tattalin arziki. NEP kai tsaye musu zuwa ga dukan shelar akidun. Amma shi da za a shiga. Da ake bukata. Da shi shi ne kawai hanyar da dattako da halin da ake ciki. Saboda haka a yakin "kudi-ra'ayin" ra'ayin na rasa. Marx da yake daidai, al'amarin yake har yanzu farko.

The shirya tattalin arzikin matsayin kasa kenkenewa

Amma da wajen samar da ya kamata a tare mallakar. Kuma da samar kaya - rarraba, kuma a fili tsakiya. A gaskiya, wannan shi ne gurguzanci. Da muhimmancin da jihar a cikin tattalin arzikin, sabili da haka, ya zama hukunci.

A Tarayyar Soviet, abubuwa sun kasance haka. Bayan rushewar da NEP siyasa na shirya tattalin arzikin da aka gabatar, dangane da kai tsaye iko da jiha a kan tattalin arziki da rayuwa a kasar. A kasuwa a Yammacin ma'anarta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin sabon abu ba a nan. Babu kai-tsari na samar da bukatar, bãbu gasar. All shi maye gurbin tsakiyar shiryawa da kuma wucin gadi tsari. Irin wannan shi ne jiha ta rawa a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa. Gurguzanci a cikin Tarayyar Soviet gane kamar "lissafin kudi da kuma iko". Kuma cewa magana da na zahiri ma'anar. Kowane bukatar, wani bukatar a hankali lissafi da kuma masana'antu da wuraren samu wani sarari domin. Muna bukatar wannan yawa karfe, don haka da yawa tractors da yawa nau'i-nau'i daga yara sandals.

matsaloli na jihar tsari

da umarnin samarwa matsayin yayin da ya dauki shekaru biyar, sa'an nan da zagayowar mayar da. Socialist tattalin arzikin da irin wannan bai wanzu ta hanyar da kanta. Ta kasance a cikin rawar da artist da jihar na'ura.

da tattalin arzikin da aka yawanci idan aka kwatanta da kwayoyin. Healthy ko ba, karfi ko rauni. Amma - mai rai, ba a bukatar shiriya: "Zuciya beysya jini - theca" Ayyuka na Jihar a cikin tattalin arzikin tarayyar Soviet sun kasance haka m, cewa game da wani takwara na jiki da kuma jawabin ba zai iya zama. Shi ne cewa shi - ba quite a rai gabar da aka haɗa ta dialysis inji, wucin gadi haske da na'urar bugun zuciya a lokaci guda. Kuma, don ci gaba da misalin, maimakon jini daga gare shi - wasu bakararre jini. Saboda Soviet ruble ba kawai ba canzawa. Ya wanzu waje na Hakika, da tattalin arziki da injin.

Artificial musayar kasuwa

Ayyuka na Jihar a cikin tattalin arzikin da Tarayyar Soviet ya haka m cewa na aikin musayar kudi na kasa kudin da kõme ba yi da wani real sayen ikon da kudin, ko da waje quotes. A rabo daga 1 Ruble - $ 1 zama kawai a cikin kasar, babu inda waje musanya rubles domin irin wannan farashin da aka ba zai yiwu ba. Kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, wannan rabo ya real kawai a cikin aikin hukuma ma'amaloli. Black kasuwar farashin su ne quite daban-daban. Kuma da zaran kasar watsi da manufofin da m tsari na kudin kasuwar, da ruble rushe - ko kuma wajen, ya ɗauki matsayin cewa, da ya ara ba tare da wucin gadi goyon baya.

Wannan matsala na wucin gadi tsari na tattalin arzikin - wanzuwar a wani zama ruwan dare, bakararre incubator yanayi da ke sa jiki gaba daya unviable. Ya kamata ka ko dai ba su bar lafiya yanki ko shirya domin cewa gaskiya za ta murkushe m gilashin duniya.

Wuce kima a tsaye samarwa

A wannan matsaloli da tattalin arziki, data kasance a cikin wani sosai kayyade tsarin mulki. Ta, ba shakka, shi ne barga - kasuwar crises shi kusan kada ku shãfe. Amma da kudin domin juriya - kwarai stiffness. Wannan tattalin arzikin ba zai iya kanta amsa makawa canje-canje gaskiya. Kuma samar da amfani an kayyade a manual yanayin, sabili da haka, ba dace da ainihin bukatun, da kuma ra'ayoyi game da wadannan queries, da suke zaune a cikin tunanin na shugabanci tsarin. Wannan shi ne daidai da muhimmancin da jihar a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa. Soviet-style gurguzanci zai iya samar da 'yan ƙasa da free Apartment, amma ba zai iya samar da hanyoyi na mace tsabta. Kawai saboda da bukatar da Apartments ne muhimmi a kan wani kasa sikelin, da kuma bukatar gudanar da - wannan shi ne karamar haki, wanda daga tsawo na jihar gwamnati da kuma ba za a dauke.

Social tabbacin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Amma tare da wannan a bayyane yake shortcomings, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da tsarin da Tarayyar Soviet ya a yadda hanya musamman. Hakika, gammaye ba - amma Apartments sun sau daya! Level na zamantakewa kariya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi ne a wani musamman high matakin.

Free gidaje, free magani daga likita, free ilimi, tabbas da aikin yi ga masu digiri ... Akwai wani m paradox: a daya hannun, da talakawan dadada rai, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da yawa ƙananan fiye da a Turai ko Amurka. A kan sauran, shi ne ainihin talakawan - wato, akwai ba wani alatu Villas ga miliyoyi ko vagabonds a kwali kwalaye. Za mu iya cewa ingancin sabis a cikin saba Soviet asibiti domin unprivileged marasa lafiya ya ƙananan fiye da a Faransa, ko kuma Ingila. Amma ba za ka iya, da kuma tuna cewa a Faransa, ko Ingila, mutane ba tare da inshora kusan rasa da hakkin ya kula da lafiya, kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shi ne daya na zamantakewa da tabbacin ga dukan.

Mutane da yawa digiri a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka m tare da rarraba: da m yankuna, gudu-saukar da harkokin kasuwanci. Yanzu, watakila, ba guda dalibi zai yi envied wannan aiki. Tabbas zai yi aiki, free masauki, albeit a dakunan kwanan dalibai, da hange na samun kansa Apartment.

A halin yanzu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet zamantakewa da tsarin tattalin arziki, abin da ya laifinsu, tambayi sosai babban matsayin a cikin filin na kula da mutum na jiha. Kuma kawai unattainable manufa.

Yaren mutanen Sweden madadin

Amma rawar da gurguzanci a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa na iya zama daban-daban. Sweden ba ƙaryata game da zaman kansa dukiya ba, kuma ba da kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Amma da suka gina wani "gurguzanci mai fuskar mutum", kai da burin, to wanda Tarayyar Soviet ya fiye shekaru 70.

A Swedes dauki mafi kyau na falsafa ra'ayi - kula da mutumin da hankali ga bukatun da bukatun. Da kuma watsi da yiwuwar m saboda impracticability raga: abolition na masu zaman kansu dukiya da kuma Karkasa rarraba. A Yaren mutanen Sweden model ya shafi jihar iko a kan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki rayuwa - amma kawai a cikin Sphere na zaman jama'a tabbacin. Bayan duk, shi ba ya bukatar monopolize wajen samarwa da kuma halakar da free kasuwa. Ya isa ya haifar da wani tasiri tsarin na redistribution.

Support for harkokin kasuwanci

By wannan kuma rage rawar da gwamnati a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa. Gurguzanci a Swedish - shi ne mai gaskiya tsarin haraji da kuma m, justifiable reallocations.

Ya bambanta da Tarayyar Soviet, wannan kasar shi ne mafi karfafa zaman kansa masana'antu, musamman kananan da kuma matsakaici. Bayan duk, wannan shi ne cikakken zaɓi! Man wadãtacce da aikin, da kuma samun abin masarufi, kuma ko da biya haraji. Ba na bukatar kowa ya yi shibtar da yadda za a yi girma kabeji, amma yadda za a dinka shirts. Tare da wannan da kyau kwarai rike mabukaci bukatar. A mafi samun abin, m 'yan ƙasa, da karin haraji za su biya, kuma saboda haka, da girma za a zuba a cikin zaman jama'a Sphere. A daidai wannan lokaci da haraji tsarin da aka gina don haka da cewa, 'yan kasuwa da riba ga kara samar da kundin, zamanintar da kuma fadada kamfanin.

Gurguzanci a Swedish

Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa Swedes ware yau da kullum rawar da jihar a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa. Gurguzanci a matsayin damuwa ga mutane ba a samu ta hanyar monopolisation na samarwa, kuma ta hanyar da ingantawa da shari'a da tsarin. A ra'ayin daidaito a Sweden ya sami m magana. Kwararrun da unskilled ma'aikata, maza da mata - wani mutum yin wani takamaiman aiki, na'am kudi domin shi tsananin bisa ga haƙiƙa dalilai kamar da wuya daga cikin aiki da kuma ingancin sakamakon. Wannan shi ne - da sakamakon ayyuka na Swedish kwadago, da wanda shi musanyar taimakekkeniya a hankali.

Bugu da kari, kasar ne musamman high general matakin na haƙuri. Nuna bambanci kan jinsi, tseren, addini kusan ba zai yiwu - azãba a cikin wannan yanayin ne ba kawai da wuya, amma kuma makawa.

A Sweden, babu wani a duniya a tsarin na zamantakewa da tabbacin, kamar yadda a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma akwai wani tsarin na jihar zamantakewa inshora, wanda ya shafi dukkan mazauna. Kowane dan kasa, ko da kuwa su samun kudin shiga, zai iya ƙidaya a kan goyon bayan jama'a a hali na bukata.

A wannan hanya, Swedes su iya yi wani utopian ka'idar duniya daidaito da kuma jami'an tsaro, tare da hadaya da wani daga cikin masu zaman kansu dukiya ba, kuma ba a free cinikayya da kuma kasuwanci ideas.