Ciki hijirarsa

Bisa ga definition, ciki hijirarsa - wani hijirarsa daga alƙarya cikin ƙasa daga daya yankin zuwa wani. Yawanci, wannan ne ya sa ta kwarara daga tattalin arziki da zamantakewa dalilai. Ciki muhallinsa ne akasin wani waje, a lokacin da mazauna bar kasar su da kuma shirya kasashen waje.

Janar trends

Alkari'u - a key factor a ciki hijirarsa a duniya. Sikelin da sakamakon na birane ci gaban ne don haka mai girma cewa wasu masu bincike kira wannan tsari kawai a matsayin "babban hijirarsa na mutanen XX karni". A search na mafi kauyukan da sauri bar ƙauyukansu. Wannan tsari ya shafi Rasha. A ranar da yayi da za a tattauna a kasa. Domin mafi cigaban kasashe, a cikin urbanization tsaya a kusa da 80%. Wannan shi ne, hudu daga cikin biyar 'yan ƙasa na Jamus, ko da United States rayuwa a birane.

A} asashen da yawan jama'a ne dan kadan daban-daban, ko kuma m yawa, ciki hijirarsa daukan nau'i na sabon shiri yankunan. Human tarihin sani mai yawa irin misalai. A Canada, Amurka, Brazil da kuma China, mutane a farko da aka mayar da hankali a gabashin yankuna. Lokacin da albarkatun ana wadanda wuraren fara gudu, mutane da sauƙi tafi gano yammacin larduna.

A tarihin ciki hijirarsa a Rasha

A kowane tarihi epoch, ciki hijirarsa a Rasha na da takamaiman halaye, yayin da ko da yaushe sauran barga tsari. A cikin IX-XII ƙarni. Slavs zaunar da kwari daga cikin manya Volga. The hijirarsa da aka directed zuwa arewa da kuma arewa-maso-gabas. Har na biyu da rabi daga cikin XIX karni, shi ne halin da kananan sikelin, kamar yadda hampered serfdom a cikin karkara.

Mulkin mallaka ya shafi Turai arewa da Urals, inda da sake soma da "metallurgical" hali. Na Lower Volga Rasha gudun hijira zuwa kudu, a cikin New Rasha da kuma Caucasus. Manyan-sikelin ci gaban tattalin arziki na Siberia fara kawai a tsakiyar XIX karni. A Soviet sau, shi ne babban gabas shugabanci. A wani mãkirci tattalin arziki, mutane da aka aika zuwa m yankunan inda ya gina wani sabon birni ko hanya. A 1930-ies. Stalin ya fara da tilasta masana'antu. Tare da collectivization na kauye ta tura dama, miliyoyin Soviet jama'a. Har ila yau, ciki hijirarsa da aka sa ta tilasta fitarwa na dukan al'ummai (Jamusawa, Chechens, Ingush, da sauransu. D.).

wayewar

A zamani Rasha, ciki hijirarsa bayyana a cikin da dama yayi. A farko wuri shi ne gani a division na yawan zuwa yankunan karkara da kuma birane. Wannan rabo kayyade mataki na urbanization kasar. Yau, 73% na Rasha 'yan asalin rayuwa a birane, da kuma 27% - a kauyuka. Daidai wannan Figures a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin karshe ƙidaya a 1989. A wannan yanayin, yawan kauyuka ya karu da fiye da 2000, amma zabtare yawan yankunan karkara ƙauyuka, waxanda suke da gida a kalla 6000 mutane. Irin m statistics nuna cewa ta ƙarshen 90s. Yana haifar da ciki hijirarsa hadarin bacewar fiye da 20% kauyuka. Yau, Figures ne mafi arfafa.

A Rasha, akwai iri biyu na birane ƙauyuka - kananan garuruwa da biranen. Ta yaya suke m? Bisa ga ma'auni, shi ne gane birane kauye, idan da rabo na yawan tsunduma a aikin noma, ba ya wuce kashi 15%. Akwai wani shãmaki. A birnin dole ne a kalla 12 dubu mutane. Idan ciki hijirarsa take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a yawan jama'a da kuma wani digo a cikin lambobin kasa wannan mashaya, da mazauna matsayi za a iya canja.

"Maganadiso" da kuma wuraren kiwo nata

A Rasha yawan mutane, an rarraba kan sararin ƙasa na kasar ne musamman m. Mafi yawan shi ne mayar da hankali a tsakiya, Volga da kuma Kudu Tarayya gundumomi (26%, 22% da kuma 16% bi da bi). A daidai wannan lokaci, 'yan kaxan mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin Far East (kawai 4%). Amma abin da ya yi an Ƙirgar Figures, ciki hijirarsa - shi ne akai gudana tsari. Fiye da shekara da ta gabata, miliyan 1.7 mutane halarci kasar ƙungiyoyi. Wannan shi ne 1.2% na al'ummar jihar.

The main "maganadisu" inda ne Rasha Federation, ciki hijirarsa ne Moscow da kuma ta tauraron dan adam garuruwa. A ci gaba da lura a cikin St. Petersburg da kuma Birnin Leningrad yankin. Biyu manya m kamar yadda aikin cibiyoyin. Kusan duk sauran yankuna na kasar samu hijirarsa hasãra (barin fitar da fiye da ta zo guda).

yankin kuzarin kawo cikas

A Volga Tarayya District, da most hijirarsa riba lura a Tatarstan, a cikin ta Kudu - a Krasnodar yankin. A cikin Urals, da m Figures ne kiyaye kawai a cikin Sverdlovsk yankin. Akwai ke da yawan jama'a na Siberian kuma Far Eastern yankunan, inda da fāɗin duniya bikin hijirarsa hasãra. Wannan tsari da aka faruwa ga dama da suka gabata.

Ciki hijirarsa - shi ne babban dalilin yawan dakushe Siberian Tarayya District, wanda a musayar tare da sauran yankuna a 2000-2008. Na rasa 244 dubu mazaunan. The lambobin bar babu shakka. Alal misali, a daya Altai yankin a lokacin daidai wannan lokacin, da dakushe amounted zuwa 64 dubu mutane. Kuma kawai yankuna biyu a cikin gundumar daban-daban kananan migratory girma - shi Tomsk, kuma Novosibirsk yankin.

Far East

Mai sauran mazauna a 'yan shekarun nan ya rasa Far East. Yana aiki da kuma na waje da kuma na ciki hijirarsa. Amma shi ne motsi mutane a wasu yankuna na kasar sun sa a cikin hasara 187 000 mutane a cikin past shekaru goma. Mafi yawan mutane bar daga Yakutia, Chukotka da Magadan yankin.

Statistics na Far East a hankali, shi ne ma'ana. Wannan yankin ne a gaban karshen kasar daga babban birnin kasar. Mutane da yawa daga mazauna ana barin shi zuwa Moscow, don gane da kansu da kuma manta game da rufi. Duk da yake rayuwa a Far East, mutane suna jawabin da babbar kudi ga wuccin tafiye-tafiye ko flights zuwa yamma. Wani lokaci zagaye-tafiya tikitoci iya kudin dukan albashi. Duk wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa da kara da kuma girma ciki hijirarsa. Kasashen da sararin ƙasa kamar yadda iska bukatar araha kai kayayyakin more rayuwa. Its halitta da kuma dace modernization - manyan kalubale ga zamani Rasha.

A tasiri na tattalin arziki da kuma sauyin yanayi

Babban abubuwan da sanin yanayin ciki hijirarsa ne tattalin arziki dalilai. Rasha nuna bambanci tashi saboda da m matakin na bunƙasa tattalin arziki na kasar. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani bambantawa na yankunan kan ingancin da kuma misali na rai. A m da kuma iyakar yankunan su ne ma low idan aka kwatanta da manyan harufai, sabili da haka ba mai sha'awar zuwa ga jama'a.

Domin sararin ƙasa na Rasha da kuma shi ne halin da yanayin abubuwan. Idan matukar Belgium kama a thermal yi, shi ne yafi wuya a cikin akwati na Rasha Federation. More dace da rai, kuma m sauyin yanayi jawo mutane zuwa kudu da kuma tsakiyar kasar. Mutane da yawa arewacin birane tashi a cikin Soviet zamanin saboda da shipping umarni tsarin da daban-daban feat. Irfan gine-gine. A wani free kasuwa, mutane haife shi a wadannan yankuna ayan bar su.

Zamantakewa da kuma soja dalilai

Na uku kungiyar dalilai - shi ne zaman jama'a, wanda aka bayyana a cikin tarihi da kuma iyali dangantaka. Su ne mai kowa hanyar t. N. "Madauwari hijirarsa". Mazauna gabashin da kuma arewacin yankunan, da barin zuwa Moscow, sau da yawa dawo gida, t. Don. Akwai da suka zauna na iyali, dangi da kuma abokai.

Wani rukuni na dalilai - da soja barazana. M rikice-rikice tilasta mutane su bar gidajensu da kuma shirya a wani hadari yankunan, daga zubar da jini na hearth. A Rasha, wadannan dalilai da wani gagarumin muhimmanci a shekarun 1990s. Lokacin da Arewa Caucasus, da kuma musamman a Chechnya shekaru da yawa don ci gaba da wani m yaki.

al'amurra

Development of ciki hijirarsa hana sababbu gidaje farashin da rauni ci gaba da gidaje kasuwar a cikin yankuna. Don warware wannan matsala na bukatar jihar goyon baya da kuma kudi na matsalar yankunan, jamhuriyoyin da larduna. Labaran bukatar kara samun kudin shiga na cikin aiki, yawan, sabon jobs, kara kasafin kudin kudaden shiga, rage bukatar kasafin kudin kudi.

M za a wasu matakan. Tarurrukan na ciki hijirarsa na taimaka wa rage mummunan tasiri da masana'antu a kan yanayi, kazalika da ci gaba da alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki.