Chesme Column - alama ce da mazakuta na Rasha jiragen ruwa

Domin biyu da rabi ƙarni, Rasha shi ne a yaki da Ottoman Empire - farkon na samun Black Sea, sa'an nan domin a karfafa matsayinsu a cikin Caucasus. A wannan girmamawa, da Empress Catherine II ci gaba nasara kasashen waje da manufofin, fara ta Peter Mai girma.

A lokacin da ta yi mulki da Rasha daular ba kawai samun free damar yin amfani da Azov da Black Sea, amma kuma annexed Crimean sashin, zama a real Maritime iko. A girmamawa Rasha nasarori talented gine-ginen da sculptors halitta abin tunawa Monuments. Daya daga cikinsu - Chesme Column a St. Petersburg.

prehistory

A tsakiyar XVIII karni, Turkey ya ci gaba gaba daya ya mamaye Black Sea. Duk da kokarin da Bitrus I ƙoƙari ya karfafa ta bankuna, Rasha a wancan lokacin ba su da Black Sea ko Azov flotilla. Saboda haka, Catherine II gwamnatin ta kasashen waje da manufofin yana dauke da kudancin shugabanci fifiko.

Duk da haka, Rasha ba farkon yakin. Turks da kuma kawance da Crimean Tatars a karshen 1768 mamaye arewacin Black Sea yankin. Don sa Turkey hit daga raya, kazalika da nuna goyon baya ga shirya wani yunkuri na Krista a Balkans, an yanke shawarar aika jiragen ruwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa a Bahar Rum.

Summer - kaka 1769 daga Kronstadt sun biyu Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki jagorancin Admirals Grigoriem Spiridovym da Yahaya Elphinstone. Total balaguro shugabanci da aka neme su da Count Alekseya Orlova.

Yin iyo a kusa da Turai domin Rasha matuƙan ya yi wuya kalubale. A farko jirãge shiga Bahar Rum a watan Nuwamba, da kuma a cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba, duka biyu da Baltic rundujar soja masu dawaki tare da fara shirya don yaƙi, abin da yayi kama da Chesme Column a Tsarskoye Selo.

A nasara a kan tausasawa Ƙofar

A farko da manyan yaƙi ya faru a cikin Chios mashigar Yuni 24, 1770 The Turkish rundunar motoci dubu sau biyu girman da Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki ma yana da wani m dabarun matsayi. Duk da wannan, bayan wani nauyi yaƙi da Turks tattara a Chesma Bay, wanda aka dauke kusan impregnable.

A wannan rana, sojojin majalisa ta yanke shawarar kammala da shan kashi na Turkish jiragen ruwa kai tsaye a Cesme. Rasha jiragen ruwa katange kunkuntar fita daga bay, kuma suka kama yaƙi a kusa da tsakar dare, daga baya gane daya daga cikin mafi girma a tarihin sailing jiragen ruwa.

A cikin dare na Turkish jiragen ruwa da aka hallaka a kan Yuni 26, da crews, daga jirgi da sojojin kuwa suka gudu a Cesme Smyrna. Wani abu ba daya a Turai ba a sa ran. A girmamawa ga babban rabo daga cikin Rasha jiragen ruwa da aka daga baya shigar Chesme rostral shafi a Catherine Park na Tsarskoye Selo.

All mahalarta a cikin shahararrun yakin umurnin Empress bayar da commemorative lambar yabo. A St. Petersburg, gina Chesma Palace da kuma Church, Gatchina shigar obelisk, kuma a Tsarskoye Selo - shafi.

Tsoho samfur na

Duk da yake Rasha shi ne a yaki da Ottoman Empire, a Tsarskoye Selo, ya fara aiki a wurin shakatawa fashewa. Lokacin da labarin nasara a Cesme isa St. Petersburg, Catherine II izini da m A. Rinaldi don ƙirƙirar wani shafi kamar rostral ginshiƙai, tsĩrar da a Roma a cikin girmamawa ga nasara a kan jakadan Gayus Duilio rundunar Carthage.

An yanke shawarar kafa wani abin tunawa a tsakiyar babban kandami haƙa ta Swedish fursunonin yaki kafin. The aikin ci gaba shekaru da dama. A wannan lokaci, za mu canza da contours daga cikin tekun layi na kandami, ba su da wani shaci da Aegean Sea.

Chesmenskaya shafi da aka kafa a kan zane amince da mutum Catherine II. A Empress ya ba kuskure: da majestic kuma a lokaci guda, nobly kange tsoho nau'i na abin tunawa ne mafi kyau dace don bayyana rabo na Rasha sojojin ruwa, qaddara da sakamakon yakin.

taƙaitaccen bayanin

Chesme Column - wani aikin na Italian m Antonio Rinaldi, da aka gudanar a Rasha sabis, kuma sculptor Ioganna Shvartsa, wanda Ya halitta abin tunawa na tagulla abubuwa: gaggafa, da kuma Bas-reliefs.

Mafitar ruwa dutse pedestal aka dimbin yawa a matsayin truncated dala, da sosai wannan shafi - m Ural marmara. Rawanin da abin tunawa a tagulla mikiya, ne da nufin a Turkish jinjirin wata. A daya hannun, shi alama ce ta lashe Rasha, da kuma a kan sauran - Count Orlov, Orlov samu dama da za a kira-Chesmensky.

A Rostra m taimako images of daban-daban haruffa na Gabas: rawani, horsetail, girgiza, lances, Turkish sabers, Banners. Bronze Bas-reliefs sadaukar da uku nasara fadace-fadace a cikin Aegean Sea, a cikin wanda girmamawa da kuma Chesme shafi da aka shigar.

Tarihi da kuma Present

A shekarar 1996 shi alama da 300th tunawa da sojan ruwan rundunar Rasha. Domin karnuka uku shi ne mai yawa da aka tsiwirwirinsu daraja nasarori, ciki har da yaki a cikin Aegean Sea da Rasha-Turkish yaki. Don wannan rana, an yanke shawarar mayar da tagulla Bas-reliefs, da qawata Chesma shafi.

Bayan yakin duniya na II, wasu daga cikinsu da aka fitar na Great Pond, wanda sun sakamakon da banza yunkurin na Nazis gudanar da wani marmara tunawa. A 1994-1995. Kozenyuk sculptor V. sake ƙirƙirarsu da m abubuwa, da kuma a yau Chesme shafi dubi guda kamar yadda a cikin kwanaki na Empress Catherine II, wanda ya umurce su da su haifar da wannan abin tunawa mazakuta na Rasha jiragen ruwa.