Bashkir kasa kaya: description, halaye da kuma tarihi na aukuwa

National kaya Bashkirs sun yawanci Multi-lebur: ƙananan lalacewa da dama yadudduka na rufe saman, biyu, uku ko fiye da m gashi kuma a karshe ado Yelyan - wani irin dogon-skirted gashi na zane, fata, ji, Jawo, sheepskin. A mafi tufafin - da aukaka mutumin duba a cikin idanu na makwabta. Kuma shi ne ba a dogara a kan weather, ado domin kakar. Sewing na tufafi amfani na gida zane ko hemp nettle, yawanci a yalwace ado. A takalma sun kasance mafi yawa fata.

Yelyan

Sewed wannan gashi dole rufi, maza - da wani mike baya, da kuma mata - Fitted da kuma quite flared. Male Yelyan domin rani kroili na duhu auduga yadudduka, festive - karammiski, fari adalashi, siliki. Amma kuma yau da kullum rigunansu fancifully trimmed ko ga maza: yi faci na ja zane piping a kan hannayen riga, kalmasa, benaye, ado da amarya, kõre da mai walƙiya, applique. Bashkir kasa kaya na musamman tare, ko yau da kullum.

Mata sewed kaina Yelyan na siliki, Satin, kyalle da launi. ratsi a kan hannayen riga, kalmasa da benaye ba ne kawai ja, amma blue, da kuma kore, kuma mafi cike da koyaswa braids. Ba kawai ado da embroideries da aikace-aikace, amma kuma tsabar kudi, murjãni. Kuma tabbata ga samun triangles sewn a kan kafadu (yaurynsa). Mace na kasa kaya Bashkir bukaci seamstress babban fasaha, hakuri da kuma juriyarsu.

Kazakin

A sosai na kowa da irin Bashkir outerwear - Cossack. Har ya zuwa farkon karni na ashirin, da maza da mata outerwear a yanke sãɓã wa jũna kadan daga juna: wannan Fitted Bashkir kasa kwat da wando da hannayen riga m zare kuma mashiga. A kowane gefen ake bukata don yanke ta cikin Aljihuna.

Amma kammala Cossack maza suna sauƙin bambanta daga mace. Male a karewa kusan sauki, ba don kome ba cewa ya kasance ko da yaushe tare da kayan ga soja regiments. Mace, kazalika da richly ado kamar yadda Yelyan: tare da kõre da mai walƙiya, kuma applique, tare da braids da kuma m kayan ado.

Musamman mata tufafi

Mata a karkashin Cossack sa riguna, m wando, short jackets bezrukavye yayin da a kan hutu - tabbata kyalle ko siliki gowns. Hunturu gashi a saman iya sa ko gashi. Har ila yau sewed hunturu Chekmenev na zane. Duk da haka, miya gowns, kuma Jawo dasu sun m sifa da hutu, kuma shi ne ma ba a dogara a kan yanayi da kuma lokaci na shekara.

Riguna kasance sosai kowanne kofa: embroidered cornelian, murjani, uwar lu'u-lu'u, tsabar kudi, kayan ado buckles. Home festive tufafi kroili na gida zane ado alamu. Mace Bashkir kasa kaya ya nuna yadda kusa da wani musamman mace needlework.

Mata takalma

Takalma a Bashkir Goldfinch ya bambancin: takalma, takalma, aikin hannu fata galoshes. Fata takalma sawa duk - maza, mata da yara. Mata takalma sun ma mai arziki gama, ba kawai a layi, amma kuma tare da canza launin tassels. Mun kasance a cikin yin amfani da haske sandals cewa kowace mace kokarin ado da kyau.

Hard-aiki mutane - Bashkirs, na kasa kaya suna ba kawai daban-daban, amma sau da yawa yana da kawai wani aiki na gwaninta. Ko safa suka ba kawai ya ji, kyalle ko zane, suka siding da applicator juna. Knitted safa sanya na ulu ne ma trimmed tare da canza launin zane. Idan muka yi la'akari da gargajiya kayayyaki na mutanen Rasha, Bashkirs a cikin wannan jerin ba za a rasa ba, domin bayar da muhimmanci da suka hašawa zuwa da kyau na tufafi.

headgear

Headdress Bashkirs - wani irin fasfo. Kallo takyi da burek, na iya zama dogara da ba tare da wani tambayar domin sanin abin da irin mutum sa su: yadda tsohon shi ne, ko da mace da aka yi aure, irin wadannan mutane ne. Yana gaya duk Fit kuma musamman alamu. Hats sun yawanci mafi haske fiye da sauran na tufafin ado da duwatsu, murjãni, tsabar kudi. Kamar wancan ado huluna, mutane da yawa daga cikin Urals da Siberia, misali, da Buryats. Kuma Bashkir kasa kayayyaki shirya a hankali, lura duk da hadisai.

Har ila yau, amfani da Jawo marten, Otter, dabbar beaver da sauran dabbobi. Mata sa burek a kan Tastar ko shawl, wanda aka ma splendidly patterned. Aure mata sa Cashman - wani hula tare da wani rami a saman, inda saukar da dogon m kintinkiri. Tastar - mai tsarki da fari calico ko lilin zanen aljihu, wanda a karkashin wani hat sawa mazan mata. Kuma sau da yawa sa manyan shawl da Scarves sanya goat saukar. Features na Bashkir kasa kaya - a wani musamman ɓullo da handicrafts a cikin mace da rabi daga cikin mutane.

menswear

Maza ado a Bashkortostan ne ba kawai m. amma kuma dace. Kunci wando, jacket, ba takura motsi ko gashi. T ba tare da ƙuƙumma a canza launin madaurin a wuyansa cutout. A cikin hunturu, shi ya kasance irreplaceable tumaki - Jawo dasu ba, sheepskin dasu ba. Festive shirt ado gargajiya alamu a cikin abin da bukatar zuba jari da zurfi ma'ana - memory amulet cewa sau da yawa sosai kai na kasa kayayyaki na mutane. Bashkirs ba togiya.

Musamman namiji part - Camaro, wani gargajiya da tsawo sosai sau, domin yi na abin da suke zane, siliki, kyalle. Belt ado amarya, kõre da mai walƙiya, zinariya da azurfa ado da abun da ake sakawa na lu'ulu'u, Sard, agate, turquoise. A bel da aka sawa a Yelyan ko camisole. Long gefuna saukar da bangarorin, da nuna richness na ado.

Maza huluna

Tubetey - a Rasha da shi sauti, kuma yana nufin "kwanyar hula" - yau da kullum headdress Buryat maza. Mazan fi son duhu launi, da kuma matasa - mai haske blue, kore, ja. Sake, kõre da ... Mene ne kasa kaya? Bashkirs ce cewa ya tare da kõre da mai walƙiya. Wannan shi ne babban bayãnin hukuncin daki-daki. Bugu da kari a kõre da mai walƙiya, embroidered skullcaps amfani ga beads, murjani, amarya. A lokacin rani, duk da haka, Bashkirs sau da yawa balai da Jawo huluna - ya dogara ne a kan solemnity na lokacin.

Men fi son karin "mai tsanani" Fur: kerkẽci, Lynx, fox, bear. Amma da gaban gefen Jawo hat har yanzu kaifi Jawo tsada - da kuma Sable da marten. Steppe son sa malakhai - kelepere. Wadannan iyakoki da wani babban kambi da rami, rufe da kafadu da baya. Kila, wannan hula Bashkirs aro daga mangolawa. Malachai Jawo aka buga, da kuma saman da aka yi da zane, ko ji. More m Bashkirs son lalacewa Fez (FES) ado da wani goga. Kamar dukan Musulmi, ministocin addini, kuma aka saka da rawani.

Men ta takalma

A ƙafafunsa Bashkirs yawanci yana da wani sauki takalma: kananan fata galoshes da takalma (ichigi). A kauri lokuta sa da cewa, da kuma wani: a wata ƙungiya ko a cikin wani masallaci galoshes aka harbe a kan doorstep, kuma m ichigi zauna a kan ƙafafunsa. Har ila yau a cikin maza karkashin Ichigo sun ko dai safa ko kafar likkafani.

A yawa na aikin da aka sa a cikin ta kasa kaya Bashkirs. Duniya kewaye da mu a cikin yan makaranta yayi wani jigo na kasa kaya. Bashkir a biyu kalmomi ba zai iya bayyana. Bayan duk, abin da yake cikin kasa kaya na Bashkirs? Description iya dauka sosai lokaci da kuma kokarin da shi daukan rubuta wani kimiyya taƙaitaccen labari. Duk da haka, neman a wadannan kwazazzabo kõre da mai walƙiya, kuma ado, ba za ka iya ganin babban jituwa da duniya, da fahimtar da kyau na jama'a hadisai, ya fito daga zamanin da. Maza da mata na kasa kaya Bashkir m da - mafi muhimmanci - shi ne na musamman.

flax

Bashkirs ya dade mallakar dukan hadaddun basira a cikin namo flax. Lilin ne yafi nagartaccen, dabara, a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da hemp, daga abin da yi kyau igiyoyi da igiyoyi saboda da tsawon na zare. Lilin yadudduka Bashkir mata sun iya yin nau'i nau'i.

Tsauraran tafi a kan outerwear da maza wando, da kuma karin dabara - kan tawul din da kuma festive shirt. Canvas a Bashkir Masters iya ba kawai samun santsi da fari, amma checkered da taguwar, da ake kira pestryad. Irin wannan Bashkirs masana'anta amfani ga tufafi da kuma na gargajiya na gida labule.

saka launi

Lokacin da batawa ya na kowa fari lilin tare da na halitta dyes (alder haushi, ciyawa), aka samu launuka da dumi, wadanda ba m - daga haske rawaya zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa. Amma lokacin da akwai dyes factory, Bashkir kasa kaya haskaka haske, da cikakken, ko da nagartaccen launuka. Amma ko da a cikin karni na ashirin, da haihuwa hanyoyi na canza launi ba a manta.

A hamsin hamsin, shi ya iya kama kamar yadda Bashkir girls, za gargajiya festivities, stained da su Scarves plantain ganye. Farko da haske kore tsiri na kewaye da wani square, sa'an nan da ganye da aka nannade cikin yadudduka da kuma wani zanen aljihu hakora cizon cikin daban-daban kwatance kafa juna.

Na'am bamban arcuate line mai haske koren launi kafa baki. Wannan dabara da 'yan mata mallakar wani virtuoso, alamu samu m kuma na musamman. Kuma a cikin bazara da kuma bazara idi kowace yarinya sa wani gyale, wanda ya yi da kansa.

sakar

Homespun tufafi ne kusan gaba ɗaya Bashkir kasa kaya. Yana da cikakken mace sana'a, to wanda 'yan mata da aka saba kafin shekaru goma, saboda su yi aure, cewa shi ne, to shekara goma sha biyar, kowane ya shirya nasu sadaqi. Kuma shi ne sosai, sosai aiki. All-mace na kasa Bashkir kaya da kanka, da tufafi ga ta nan gaba miji, kazalika don a-dokar da svokra, duk saka gida kayayyakinta.

Home loom Bashkirs ya gargajiya frame zane da kuma shi ne mai kama da wadanda inji, wanda aka yi amfani da Rasha. Bashkir iya yin wani iri-iri na sakar dabaru: jinginar gida, zaɓe na, kuma Bran mnogoremiznuyu. Saƙa jinginar gidaje - inda da ducks ba daya, amma da dama, duk da Multi-kala zaren.

Bashkir kasa kaya ado da yawanci na farko muradi ado - wani mataki mika mulki na launi. Bran sakar juna samar tsaye, elongated, ba tare da proshv. Wannan dabara ado tawul din gado da kuma labule (charshau). Duk da mutanen da suke zaune kusa da Bashkirs, fĩfĩta ja da fari alamu, Bashkirs ma ƙwarai fadada launi da kuma ornamental iyakokin toweling juna, ado dubi mafi kamar Turk, da kuma launi juna za'ayi a kan wani ja, rawaya ko ruwan kasa filin.

Aprons ga amarya da ango

Gargajiya da kuma muhimmanci yanki na tufafi - gaba-gaba. Ya shiga cikin amarya ta sadaqi, da kuma daya more - a matsayin kyauta ga angon. Wannan kullum humdrum tufafi, aprons sawa ko da yaushe da kuma duk - mata da maza, amma tun da wannan sifa a cikin bikin aure kyauta, duka biyu da aka ornamented da mafi mugun wayo. Yana kamar katin kasuwanci na amarya basira. Male gaba-gaba da aka hange, zaɓe na sakar gidansa da kunkuntar kirji, a rectangular panel kwasfa ƙugiya baki iyakar a cikin art ornamental sarkar dinka.

Mace gaba-gaba ya kuma an zabe sakar zilaikar, da elegantly ado tare da zanen gado, saukar da tafi fadi frill. Very m kashi. Lokacin da akwai mutane da yawa factory yadudduka, yanke a gaban karfe tare da m bel da pleats. Akwai ƙarin flounces da frills. Wani lokaci zuwa flag gaba-gaba sewn biyu madauri da fadi da flounces, richly yi wa ado da kuma tare da taron. Na fure ado raƙĩƙi yi sosai m, wani lokacin shi ya ba bayyane yadudduka.

Ka'idojin abun da ke ciki

Babbar ka'idar tufafi Bashkirs abun da ke ciki ne stringing, layering da ado abubuwa da kuma sassa, wanda aka musamman gani a mace dress. Ya yawanci kunshi dogon-tailed shirt tare da 'yan ruffles a kalmasa, fadi wando, kirji bandeji, wando refueled a safa. Next tafi gaba-gaba, sleeveless ko short Fitted gashi kuma takalma. Kuma a karshe - dangane da shekaru da kuma matsayin aure - a headdress.

Dalili na mace kaya - a shirt: rufaffiyar tsari, tare da dogon hannayen riga, wani m abin wuya, da fadi da kuma dogon - kafin idon - kalmasa. Shida, kuma ko da guda takwas mita masana'anta kowannensu ya ɗauki wani shirt. Sama da kugu mafi yawa ana sewn frill rufe da kabu na lilin zane. Bugu da kari ga shirts, kuma shi ne mai muhimmanci a cikin wata mace ta dress da skirt - fadi da kuma dogon.