CA-3 atomatik atomatik: na'urar, manufar, girma

Daya daga cikin mafi rare na'urorin ga atomatik dangane da cire hašin Railway-wagon abun da ke ciki shi ne atomatik coupler SA-3 model. Yana da wani na'urar wanda ya samar da da hada guda biyu da kuma disengagement na locomotive da kuma motoci. Godiya ga na'urarka atomatik coupler SA-3 rike da motoci a dama range, ya haɗu da kuma raba su da kuma ya sa ya yiwu a tuntube su ba tareda žata wagon frame kuma mafi coupler inji.

ganawa inji

Don da hanyoyin zamani wajibi ne ga avtorastsepki da kuma kama motoci hada SA-3, duk da cewa shi aka tsara baya a 1932. The na'urar ne quite rare yanzu. Asiri na nasara ne nasara zane, sauki da kuma tasiri, amma kuma da AMINCI da sauƙi na amfani da kuma goyon baya.

A zamani motocin shakatawa na Railway kekunan shanun suna amfani da mai fadi da dama kayayyaki da kuma manufa. Akwai kaya da fasinja. Har ila yau ya bambanta da su yanayi na amfani. A yawan motoci da locomotives aiki a karkashin matsananci yanayi: babban tsanani na amfani, da ɓarna, ko rashin zazzabi yi, kai mutane da kaya a kan short nisa.

Lokacin da kananan ƙaruwa kilometrage ikon kayan aiki a lokacin da yin loading da Ana saukewa magudi, da kuma a sakamakon, shi ya zama dacewa da yin amfani da wata na'urar kyale ta atomatik yi kama da disengagement daga cikin abubuwa na jirgin kasa. Yana da su wadannan na'urori da kuma iya hada wannan na'urar, kamar yadda tashar, halaye da kuma SA3 coupler zane gaba ɗaya dace da wannan manufa.

Shock-tugger - SA3 coupler sa:

• Atomatik dangane da motoci a tasirin da deadlocks a hada guda biyu na atomatik hada guda biyu.
• Atomatik uncoupling kekunan shanun mirgina stock, wanda ake da za'ayi ba tare da shiga tsakani da wani gwani, da kuma ceton na'urar a cikin disengaged matsayi kafin coupler za a saki.
• Auto sassa Koma na'urar ta zuwa ga asali matsayi, kyale motoci suna buga concatenate su kuma kulle kulle.

Bugu da kari, SA-3 coupler inji damar sake concatenate coupler disengaged da ka ba tare da dilution wagon jirgin kasa. Aiwatar da shunting, watau a lokacin da suke dauke da fitar da wani duka ja fuskoki ba ya haifar da da daidaituwa. Har lokacin da na kama CA-3 dauki wadannan zumunta matsayi:

• axis na'urorin aka sanya a kan wannan layin.
• axis canja tsaye ko horizontally.

Cikinsa da a tsaye axial kawar da za a iya jure a sufurin kaya jirgin. axis kawar da faruwa zuwa 100 millimeters, kuma fasinja jirgin kasa gudu up to 50 millimeters. Matsakaicin darajar da kwance axial biya diyya ba ya wuce 175 mm. A wadannan matsugunninsu CA-3 gatura aikin coupler ne na high quality, kuma mai lafiya atomatik hada guda biyu motoci a lokacin da aiki.

The zane na atomatik coupler SA-3 model

The na'urar SA-3 coupler za a iya raba da dama aka gyara, wanda tabbatar da wanda bai yankẽwa aiki:

1. Sassan jiki da kuma cikakken bayani game da aiki inji.
2. Shock-Kafa na'urar.
3. Daftarin na'urar.
4. Tsaya a nan ba.
5. Tuki for uncoupling motoci.

CA-3 coupler rinjayen aiki aka samu ta hanyar hulda da dukan sassa na inji da kuma jefa m sarari a cikin gidaje. Its main sassa suna located sassa na inji (su an sanya a cikin rami, wanda aka kira a aljihu):

• kulle.
• Makullin mariƙin.
• dauke da nadi.
• Locksmith, ya dauke;
• fis, kyale kafaffen daga sabani samorastsepa ja fuskoki;
• aron kusa.

Bugu da kari ga shugaban na jiki shi ne Sanye take da wani elongated wutsiya. Ya kuma yana da wani rami na ruwa, wanda ta haɗu da gogayya da matsa da SA3 coupler. A hade wuri na inji, wanda aka shirya a kan m carriages ne a lamba tare da juna ta hanyar doguwar daga cikin zubar (wannan sashi tsakanin manyan da kananan hakora), da kambun da makullansu da kulle.

A wannan batun, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa yanayin SA3 coupler na'urorin dogara barga, kuma wanda bai yankẽwa aiki na dukan na'urar matsayin dukan.

Girma da kuma nauyi na SA-3 coupler

Coupler yana da wadannan sigogi:

• Girma SA3 coupler: 1130 x 421 x 440 mm.
• Weight SA-3 coupler iya Range daga 207,18 zuwa 215 kg. Wannan ya dogara da zane na'urar.

Girma na atomatik hada guda biyu da ke sa shi quite m na'urar wanda shi ne daidai da dace duka biyu sufurin kaya da fasinja jiragen kasa.

Kyautata SA3 coupler

Biyu-shekara dubu na ashirin-farko karni a Rasha fara amfani da wani kyautata atomatik hada guda biyu SA-3. Design da kuma aiki na atomatik coupler SA-3 kasance canzawa, amma ingantaccen zane. Na'ura ya karbi biyu baka cewa hana fadowa guda yanke takaice jinkirta a kan reluwe. A fall na sassa take kaiwa zuwa lalacewa da kibiya, ko ya auka daga cikin abun da ke ciki.

Saboda haka, tare da zamani, kuma Ya ƙãra matakin tsaro na sabon model. Amma wannan ba duk da cewa kawo bidi'a. Distance tabbatarwa-free gudu daga wani sabon model karbuwa da aka miliyan 1 kilomita. Same haihuwa SA3 coupler nufi da halaye alfahari kawai 200,000 kilomita. Ganin cewa da aminci da kuma tanadi a kan dukkan gyare-gyare sun tashi, tsohon model sosai da sauri fara zuwa decommission. Duk da haka, da nada da kuma SA-3 coupler na'urar a cikin ainihin version sun zama wani ɓangare na tarihin Soviet da kuma Rasha layukan dogo.

Laifinsu SA3 coupler

SA3 coupler tare da wani yawan matsaloli ba zai iya cikakken yi su ayyuka:

• Karaya aka gyara inji da microcrack a naúrar.
• Kwane-kwane ci gaban aikin saman, karye fis din tsawo pharynx.
• Nadi, wanda ya ba da aka rubuta daga fadowa, gyarawa ba daidai ba, ko kuma wadanda ba misali hanyar nadi, kazalika da ta rashi.
• Breakage na sandan ko nadi gogayya da matsa. A crack a cikin sandan, da kuma gogayya nadi matsa.
• Crack da kuma (ko) an bude Kafa bugo pendular dakatar. Improperly shigar Pendulum dakatar.
• Atypical sandan yi ko nadi, idan aka gyara na gogayya abin wuya.
• Breakage tube ko da samuwar fasa a shi.

Manufa shi ne ya kula da gogayya madauri matsa, sashi da kuma actuator mariƙin for uncoupling, kwasfan fil kuma abutment farantin ko Tashoshi kansu. Bent saki liba ne ma wata babbar matsalar aiki na samfur SA3 coupler.

The sama ne babban laifinsu. Tare da gaban wadannan laifuffukan atomatik hada guda biyu ne m don amfani, kamar yadda ta barga aiki zai zama wani babban tambaya. Don kawar da yawan m sassa aiko don gyara. Wadanda sassa cewa sun tsufa aiki saman, ba za a iya gyara da kuma maye gurbinsu da sababbi.

A wannan yanayin, akwai iya zama backlash da karkacewa daga kullum. Su bayyanar ba isasshe da karfi mannewa fuska kuma a sakamakon, a lokacin uncoupled jirgin kasa. Idan kana da wani backlash da sabawa sama al'ada atomatik hada guda biyu ne hõre nan da nan gyara. Tun da rashin iya amfaninka ne mai barazana ga rai na fasinja jiragen kasa.

Comparative halaye autohitches CA-3 da CAKv

A seventies karni na ashirin da aka alama da cewa farkon wani sabon misali coupler yi nufi ga horar da kungiyar tarayyar Turai posts. Daya daga cikin aukuwa - CAKv suka yadu amfani isa, ba kawai a Turai amma kuma a cikin Rasha jiragen kasa.

CAKv kafa a kan tushen da SA-3 da shi ne cikakken jituwa tare da Soviet ci gaba. Duk da haka, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin Jamus version na babban hakori sanye take da wani ƙarin tsinkaya wadda ta shiga cikin wani musamman Ramin. Saboda wannan hada guda biyu na wani sako-sako da samun tauri.

M guda hada guda biyu za a iya amfani da su gama lantarki haši da kuma birki Lines. CAKv amfani don a haɗa carriages manyan sufurin kaya jiragen kasa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa helical kaya amfani a cikin SA-3 shi ne ba iya yin tsayayya da matsa lamba na kaya abun da ke ciki.

Kasashen inda amfani SA3 coupler

Duk da 'girmama' shekaru, tsarin da aiki na atomatik coupler SA-3 yawa gamsu, shi ne har yanzu rare a kasashe da dama a duniya. Ga misali, an yi amfani da wasu kasashen Larabawa, kamar Iran da Iraki. Har ila yau SA3 coupler za a iya samu a railroads na Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Finland, Sweden da kuma Rasha.

A wannan Rasha version sanye take da ƙarin baka, wanda hana coupler raba kan reluwe waƙoƙi. Ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki na tsare da yawan hatsarori da kuma Railway hatsarori, a cikin hanyar wanda aka kashe karya yanki coupler, fadi a karkashin ƙafafun na jirgin kasa, shi ya ki muhimmanci.

Bayani na abbreviations CA-3

CA-3 Raguwa fassara a matsayin Soviet atomatik coupler, da uku zaɓi. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a bãyan wata halitta, a cikin 1935, ya fara fassarar dukan Railway kai da Tarayyar Soviet a kan wani sabon tsarin na na'urar. Cikakken mika mulki da aka kammala a shekarar 1957.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa yayin da adaftan da aka yi amfani da wani nau'i na biyu-bene sarkar. Na'urar da aka wani ƙarfe yanki ga abin da guda biyu, da aka welded sarkar. Kusurwa saka a cikin zubar CA-3, da sarkar sprinkles ƙugiya welded zuwa dunƙule hada guda biyu. Ta hanyar wannan kashi iya haɗawa tare da tsohon motoci da kuma hada guda biyu sanye take SA3 coupler.

Ƙirƙiri CA-3 shi ne sauƙin rayuwa shunter. Nufa da SA3 coupler na'urar da aka yarda su rage aikinsu kafin hadewar hannayen riga ya tabbatar da braking da lantarki igiyoyi.

ban sha'awa facts

SA3 coupler yana da isasshen m zane cewa ga duk lokacin da ta zama ba, ya kafa kansa a matsayin abin dogara da kuma m abu to ta atomatik connect da kuma cire haɗin karusai.

Dalilin CA-3 shi ne wani coupler dangane da cire hašin mirgina abubuwa, kazalika, da halaye yarda shunter tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da hada guda biyu da kuma uncoupling ya faru kamar yadda ya kamata. A lokacin dukan zama coupler na tsince a yawan ban sha'awa facts game da wannan kashi:

• SA-3 da aka ɓullo da a 1932 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Soviet zanen kaya sun dauka a matsayin dalilin atomatik hada guda biyu, samar a cikin United States (Willison atomatik hada guda biyu tsarin), ci gaba a 1910, kuma kusan sake haifar da m version. An kuma aka sake tsara kwane-kwane alkawari. A CA-3 West ake magana a kai a matsayin "Rasha atomatik hada guda biyu" ko "atomatik hada guda biyu Willison da Rasha madauki".
• A daidai cire coupler CA-3 dole tura sanda na karfe, a kuma wani rami, wanda aka shirya a gidaje. inji aka gyara zasu zama a fara matsayi, da kuma atomatik coupler da za a zaman masu alaƙa.
• Avtostsepochny Castle zo tare da siginar appendage. Shi ne mai protrusion, wanda za a iya gani a kasa daga cikin na'ura, bayar da cewa kulle shi ne a bude. Lokacin da wani musamman ma'aikacin a kan jiragen kasa da sabis na bincika kowane coupler, ya ce tsari, ya san cewa motoci uncoupled daga juna.
• Kamar yadda aka sani, atomatik hada guda biyu sanye take da wani mamaye na'ura, a na'urar wanda garwaya da tasiri da kuma kare bugun jini firam da railcar coupler inji aka gyara daga hallaka. Duk da haka locomotive da motovoznye SA3 coupler na'urar ba sanye take da bayanai. The abu ne cewa, a locomotive firam da motovoznoy na farko shi ne babu sarari ga cewa abu.
• A Yaren mutanen Poland version of sunan SA-3 coupler - "Brezhnev ta dunkulallen hannu."
• A 1898 da tambaya aka tashe game da commissioning na atomatik coupler a kan Rasha Railways. Daya wani zaɓi shi ne American Janney coupler. Amma da ra'ayin da aka watsi. Saboda da unreliability na zane na Amirka, version, da kuma ba shi yiwuwa a zabi da ya dace zaɓi daga data kasance kasa shirye-shirye domin gabatarwar atomatik hada guda biyu na atomatik hada guda biyu da kuma uncoupling motoci dakatarda illa ma sha Allahu.
• Soviet atomatik coupler (na uku zabin) da ake amfani ba kawai a cikin kasashen na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a wasu kasashen Turai, kamar Poland, Finland, Norway da kuma Sweden. CAKv Turai version aka kuma ci gaba dangane da SA-3, wanda shi ne karamin tsaftacewa mayar da tsarin m coupler. Amma sabanin cikin gida, kula da harkokin waje m m hada guda biyu, wanda wajibi ne a haɗa shi da kekunan shanun da sufurin kaya jirgin.
• The talakawan kudin da sabon SA-3 shi ne 10 500 rubles. Gyara na aggregates na'urorin jeri daga 300 zuwa 1000 rubles. Saboda dace gyara coupler iya ajiye quite wani babban Jimlar kudi.

ƙarshe

Rungumar sama da sakamakon, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa SA-3 atomatik coupler - isasshen abin dogara da kuma m na'urar cewa ba ka damar gudanar da avtorastsepku da kuma hada guda biyu motoci. A wannan yanayin, Jihar na'urorin da ake ta ƙara bukatun: shi dole ba za a gaji sassa, karye aka gyara daga cikin inji da kuma fasa a cikin hali da kuma bayani na inji. A taron na SA-3 da aka aika zuwa gyara kuskure. Idan na'urar da aka sawa, shi da aka canza zuwa wani sabon daya.

SA3 coupler da aka ɓullo da baya a 1932 a kan tushen da American atomatik hada guda biyu Willison. A lokaci guda, Soviet zanen kaya mallaki wayo zane na hada guda biyu kewaye, ga abin da na SA-3 coupler aka kira "Rasha atomatik coupler".

Sharuddan zuwa atomatik hada guda biyu fara a 1935. Duk da yake shi yana amfani da miƙa mulki na'urar da damar don gama kekunan shanu sanye take da couplers sabon da kuma tsohon samfurin. A karshe miƙa mulki ƙare a shekara ta 1957. A farkon biyu dubbai SA-3 da aka da dan kadan modified. The zane na hada guda biyu sun musamman baka da cewa taimaka kare Railway layi daga fadowa a kan shi guda sun kashe karya daga hada guda biyu. Kariya na zane, bi da bi, ya hana da gazawar da kibau, kazalika da rage alama na wani hatsari sakamakon cikakken jirgin kasa hatsari. Kyautata hada guda biyu a yi amfani da jiragen kasa dauke da man fetur da kayayyakin, kazalika a wani fasinja jirgin kasa.

Atomatik hada guda biyu SA-3 da aka isasshe da aka sani a Turai. Sun fi mayar saboda da AMINCI da karko. A daidai wannan lokaci, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, dangane Soviet atomatik coupler shi an halitta misalai masu yawa na kasashen waje adaptations wannan shirin.

Saboda haka, Tsayawa akan matsayin shi ne cewa SA-3, halitta baya a 1932, shi ne fiye da zai iya aiki game da goma ko ashirin da shekaru, ko ma fiye. Bayan duk, da zane AMINCI aka auna ba kawai ta yi, amma kuma wani impeccable suna da shekaru na m atomatik couplers da kuma jiragen kasa rastsepok.

Amma duk da babban shahararsa, don maye gurbin SA-3 zo zuwa CA-4 - shi yana da mafi zamani da kuma robust zane. Bugu da kari, idan aka kwatanta da na uku na CA-4 yana da wani ƙara rayuwa na tabbatarwa-free gudu (200 000 kilomita na uku da miliyan daya kilomita na CA-4).

Har ila yau, na huɗu shi ne mafi sauki da kuma inganci fiye da wanda ya riga. Duk da zargin wani karin cikakken coupler SA-3 shi ne har yanzu quite na kowa, sun fi mayar saboda high halin kaka kasa, idan aka kwatanta da CA-4. SA-3 shi ne har yanzu daya daga cikin rare atomatik couplings.