SamuwarKimiyya

Beta radiation

A nuclei daga wasu kwayoyin halitta suna halin rashin zaman lafiya, wanda aka bayyana a cikin su ikon rikirkida (maras wata-wata lalata), tare da watsi da radiation (ionizing radiation). Mafi na kowa da irin makaman nukiliya lalace ne beta radiation.

Radiation kira microparticles kuma daban-daban na jiki filayen, wanda suna da ikon ionize abubuwa. Yana wanzu har da muhimmi sha na wani abu. Sources na radiation (fasaha nukiliya da wuraren ko kawai rediyoaktif abubuwa) ne m, sabanin mafi radiation zama ga mai dogon lokaci. Halitta radiation ne ba a rayuwarmu kullum. Ionizing radiation wanzu tun kafin haihuwar duniya na farko siffofin rayuwa.

Beta radiation - shi ne a ci gaba da rafi positrons da electrons, wanda ake jefarwa a cikin beta lalata na rediyoaktif atomic. Irin wannan lalata halayyar ba dukkan kwayoyin halitta, amma kawai don wasu abubuwa. A electrons (ko positrons) an kafa a tsakiya a cikin hira da neutrons zuwa protons ko mataimakin versa. A sakamakon barga gaɓũɓuwa, wanda ba su da cajin da sauran taro, da ake kira neutrinos da antineutrinos.

Lokacin da lantarki lalata kafa cibiya, cikinsa da yawan protons ne ya karu da daya, idan aka kwatanta da adadin kafin lalace. A positron lalata makaman nukiliya cajin da naúrar rage-rage. A lokuta biyu, da taro lambar ba ya canja.

Jefarwa electrons (ko positrons) mallaka daban-daban kuzari jere daga sifili zuwa matsakaiciyar iyakar makamashi em (yanã daidai da dama MeV).

Beta radiation yana da wani m makamashi bakan. A makamashi matakan na tsakiya tare da mai hankali. Wannan yana nufin cewa a kowane m lalata za a sake sabon makamashi. Irin wannan ci gaba da watsi a jere saboda gaskiyar cewa lalata da wani atomic haddi makamashi za a iya rarraba tsakanin jefarwa barbashi daban. Saboda haka, da bakan neutrinos ake jefarwa a lokacin da lalata, an kuma halin da cin gaba.

Auna beta radiation spectrometers beta, beta na musamman counters da ionization bẽnãye

Rediyoaktif isotopes cewa lalace a lokacin tare da da watsi da irin wannan, da ake kira beta-emitters. Wadannan sun hada da isotopes na sulfur (S35), phosphorus (32P), alli (Ca45) da sauransu. Idan lalace ba tare da gamma sakawa a iska mai guba, shi ne ake kira m beta radiation.

Mutane da yawa emitters (32P, 14C, Ca45, S35, da dai sauransu) Kuma a yi amfani da bincike radioisotope da kuma amfani ga gwaji dalilai.

Wucewa ta cikin abu, beta haskoki (beta radiation) interacts da nuclei na kwayoyin zarra da electrons, jawabin a kan shi duka su samar da makamashi da kuma kusan gaba daya da tsayawa da motsi. A hanya cewa ya wuce ta beta-barbashi abu, da ake kira nisan miloli. An bayyana a cikin grams da square santimita (denoted kamar yadda g / cm2).

Beta radiation ne iya shiga cikin rai jiki nama zuwa zurfin 2 santimita. Don kare da irin wannan radiation tsare Plexiglas dace kauri.

Beta-haskoki wakiltar daya daga cikin iri na ionizing radiation. Lokacin da wucewa ta cikin haskoki rasa makamashi abu haddasa ionization. Absorption na makamashi da matsakaici iya haifar da wani yawan sakandare matakai a cikin abu wanda ya halartar sakawa a iska mai guba. Alal misali, wannan na iya faruwa a cikin luminescence, radiation-sinadaran halayen, canza crystal tsarin abubuwa da sauransu. D. Kamar sauran iri radiation, beta haskoki da radiobiological effects.

A amfani da beta radiation a magani dogara ne a kan ta shigar azzakari cikin farji, a cikin kaddarorin da masana'anta. Rays amfani da na waje, da kuma interstitial intracavitary radiation far.

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