Battle of Hastings (short)

A watan Oktoba 1066, a kusa da Turanci garin Hastings shi ne daya daga cikin mummunan fadace-fadace na tsakiyar zamanai. Da shi shi ne na gaba mahada a cikin adawa da Normans da Anglo-Saxons. Wannan yaƙi, sakamakonsa ne ya yi wannan gagarumin tasiri a kan gaba hanya na Turai tarihi, ya tabbatar da m ga Burtaniya, kuma King Harold II. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da zuriyarsa an kiyaye su kamar yadda yakin Hastings.

Events manyan har zuwa yaƙi

Amma kafin mu fara magana ne game da yakin da kanta, ce 'yan kalmomi game da abubuwan da suka faru da cewa a gaba gare shi ya kasance da dalilin da shi. Gaskiyar cewa shugaban na Norman Duke William samu daga tsohon King Edward da Confessor alkawarin da ya yi cewa ba zai yi shi da magaji na Turanci kambi. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa ko da a gaban Accession a kan karaga, Edward, da ciwon dalilin jin tsoron rayuwarsa, ya ciyar shekaru 28 a Normandy karkashin angarorin da Duke na cewa kasar.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da hatsarin ya kan, da kuma Edward koma Ingila amince gudanar a kan gadon sarautar shekaru da majalisa ta zauna don shi da rabo, ya manta wa'adinsa, kuma mutuwa bai bar wani umarnin a cikin ni'imar jiran musu alkawari da kambi na Norman Duke William. Bayan mutuwar sa, ya hau zuwa Turanci kursiyin dan uwan Edward - New England ta King Harold II. Kamar kowane sihirce mutum, William nuna rashin amincewa, da kuma sakamakon da fushi ya fara saukowa dubu bakwai Norman Army Satumba 28, 1066 a kan tekun na Ingila, kuma ya kasance mai ban tausayi domin Birtaniya Crown Battle of Hastings.

A mamayewa na Normans

Zuwan da Normans a gaba na Albion duba musamman ban sha'awa. A cewar Sahaban, suka haye English Channel a kan dubu jiragen ruwa. Ko da wannan adadi ne da ɗan karin gishiri, shi ne har yanzu kama flotilla ya cika wani abin a bayyane sarari, har zuwa sararin sama.

Dole ne in ce cewa Duke William ya zaɓi ya mamaye wani sosai zarafi lokacin. Shekara na Battle of Hastings ya wuya sosai ga Birtaniya. Jim kadan kafin cewa su suka yi yaƙi da sauran invaders - Norwegians. The English sojojin lashe nasara a kan su, amma ta kãsa, kuma bukatar sauran, saboda ta abokan adawar sun m da kuma mashahuri warriors - da Vikings. Battle of Hastings, da aka haka ne ninki biyu wuya a gare su. Korol Garold samu wani rahoto game da Wilhelm mamayewa, yayin da a New York, inda kawai yin cika reserves da kuma sauran batutuwa da suka shafi sojojin.

The biyu karfi sojojin na Turai

Nan da nan ya tara dukan samuwa sojojin a zubar da, da monarch gaggãwa zuwa sadu da abokan gaba, da kuma riga a kan Oktoba 13 zo kusa da sansanin, raba da Normans a cikin 11 kilomita daga birnin Hastings. Kafin farkon yakin zauna kawai a rana - karshe ranar King Harold II, da kuma da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suke karkashin banner.

Raw kaka safe, a filin wasa, ya retracted manoma da kuma saboda danda, ba mai sha'awar, sun amince da biyu mafi girma a rundunar na da Turai. Su lambobin sun kasance game da daidaita, amma qualitatively su ne strikingly daban-daban daga juna. Duke William sojojin kunshi yafi na sana'a da sojoji, da makamai, da kuma horar da da bãya gare shi wani arziki da soja kwarewa.

Kasawan sojojin Sarki Harold

Ba kamar da abokan adawar, Anglo-Saxons kawo wa filin yaƙi da sojojin, babban ɓangare na abin da aka manned daga baƙauye mayakan sa, da kuma kawai karamin sashi na ta servicemen akwai wakilai na tsada da Elite sojojin - sirri sarauta retinue. Da zarar sun kasance a cikin mallaka na biyu-mika takuba, yaƙi-da gatura da māsu, yayin da masu dauke da makamai makamai kunshi mafi bazuwar abubuwa - baƙauye pitchforks, da gatura, ko kuma kawai dubin da duwatsu a haɗe zuwa gare su.

Kuma biyu mafi muhimmanci rashin Anglo-Saxon sojojin - ta na da wani sojan doki da maharba. Yana da wuya a ce me ya sa shi ya faru ba, amma a kwanakin nan, da motsi a kan dawakai, British pre-yaki sauka ya tafi a kan hari kawai a kafa. Har ila yau, shi ne m da kuma rashin albasa, wannan iko da kuma tasiri makami na tsakiyar zamanai. A saman duk ya kamata a lura da cewa m Maris a fadin kasar ba an tursasa da kuma riga ya gaji tsohon yãƙi sojojin.

A rãnar da wani yaƙi na Hastings

Saboda haka, duk abin da yake shirye domin wani hukunci yaƙi. A 9 am a kan 14 Oktoba 1066 an fara shahara Battle of Hastings. A takaice ya bayyana matsayin da ƙungiya biyu suka haɗu kafin ta farkon, muna bukatar kawai lura cewa Birtaniya sahu, ja gaba mai kyau-m, amma 'yan Elite raka'a, kuma su serried garkuwoyi sun talauci m, ko cike da yãƙi ruhu, da baƙauye mayakan.

A Normans kuma gina uku fama ginshikan, wanda a yarda musu su gudanar da horar daidai da halin da ake ciki. Su hagu reshe da aka hada da Bretons, dama - na Faransa sojojin haya, kuma a tsakiyar babban sojojin da aka mayar da hankali - nauyi, makamai-sanye Norman Knights jagorancin Duke. A gaban babban tsaro sun maharba da crossbowmen, buga da abokan gaba kafin shiga cikin lamba tare da shi.

A farkon yakin

Battle of Hastings aka kewaye da yawa Legends, kuma a yanzu da wuya a bambanta real events daga almarar. Saboda haka, a wasu adabi ya gaya cewa shi ya fara tare da gargajiya ga cewa lokaci na wasan. Mabuwayi Norman jarumi mai suna Ivo kira duel babu kasa mai daraja soja daga cikin sahu na King Harold. Doke da shi a cikin wani m yaki, ya, bisa ga kwastan na zamanin, da Banasare yanke shugaban da kama ta a matsayin ganima. Saboda haka m ga Anglo-Saxons a Hastings, suka kama yaƙi. Kashe ba kawai daya daga cikin sojojin da aka kashe shi ne wanda yake a cikin dukan rundunar sojojin Sarki Harold.

Karfafawa bisa wannan nasarar da Normans kasance na farko da a kan yãƙi. Rahoto wadanda shekaru nuna cewa su maharba da crossbowmen ¡uraishi darajõji daga cikin Anglo-Saxons girgijen kibiyoyi da kuma crossbow kusoshi, amma boye a baya serried garkuwoyi tsaye a gaban Elite raka'a, sun kasance kusan indestructible. Kuma a sa'an nan da Normans nuna gaskiya harbi basira. Suka aika kibiyoyi kusan vertically sama, kuma wadanda aka bayyana a cikin iska m yanayin, buga abokan gaba daga sama, na taya babba lalacewar.

Kai farmaki da nauyi sojan doki na Normans

Wadannan daukan hankali episode na yaƙin ya kawo hari mai tsanani daga Norman sojojin doki. Sanye da makamai Knights garzaya gaba sweeping tafi da kome a cikin hanyar. Amma dole ne mu biya haraji to da ƙarfin hali na Birtaniya: ba su flinch kafin wannan ya zama wani ambaliyar ruwa. Kamar yadda aka ce ku, su na farko layuka sun lafiya-m warriors daga na sirri gadi na Duke.

A musu kayan su ne ake kira Danish gatura. An musamman sanya yaƙi-gatari da rike da rabin mita tsawo. Kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido, da tasiri irin wannan kayan aiki da kuma dissected jarumi sanye da makamai da kuma ya doki. A sakamakon da Norman sojan doki tattara sun jawo gagarumin hasarori.

ƙarya tafiyarsu Daban

Amma a wannan lokaci a kan hagu flank na abubuwan da suka faru ya faru, m ga Birtaniya. A Normans suna sosai da basira amfani da dabara na ƙarya mãsu bãyar da bãya, ya nuna babban ihisani akan kuma jituwar. Rinjawarwa kamantuwa da a da darajõji tsoro da mãsu bãyar da bãya, Normans tsokani Anglo-Saxons a unprepared counterattack, tada matsayin su, da kuma zama m.

Lured daga janar Martial layuka da wani gagarumin rabo daga warriors, da Normans ba zato ba tsammani ya juya, ya rungume su m zobe kuma hallaka kowane karshe daya. Abin baƙin ciki, King Harold ta sojoji sun yi wannan koma-baya, wani karshe cewa a yarda abokan adawar akai-akai don maimaita irin wannan zamba.

Rasuwar sarkin Harold

A asarar sha wahala da Birtaniya, ba shakka, raunana su yãƙi iya aiki, amma duk da haka suka ci gaba da samar da tsanani juriya ga makiya, da kuma wanda ya san abin da sakamako zai yi yakin Hastings, idan ba wani hatsari, a mutunta mutane da yawa sun sa ban tausayi sakamako na yaƙi Ingila.

Historical labarinsa na wadanda shekaru gaya mana cewa m Korol Garold II aka munanan raunuka da wani bazuwar kibiya. Yana soki dama ido, amma, bisa ga wannan chroniclers, m warrior bar tsarin - ya ja daga kibiya da hannuwanku zub da jini, kuma ya garzaya zuwa cikin fray. Amma raunana da rauni, ya za a yanke nan da nan Norman Knights. Kusan lokaci guda tare da shi, ya kashe duka biyu da ɗan'uwansa, umarci sojojin.

A sha kashi da kuma mutuwa na Anglo-Saxon sojojin

Saboda haka, sarki aka kashe a yakin Hastings, tare da 'yan'uwansa. Anglo-Saxon sojojin, bar ba tare da wani umurnin, rasa abu mafi muhimmanci - fadan ruhu. A sakamakon haka, a kan wani al'amari na minti daga karaya sojojin shi ya juya a cikin wani taron demoralized da gudu. A Normans sun kamawa up tare da hauka da tsõro daga mutane da kuma kashe su mana.

Saboda haka ignominiously zuwa Turanci kambi yaƙi ya ƙare a Hastings. King da aka kashe, da kuma jikinsa da aka dauka don yanke ta London domin binne. Mutu da 'yan'uwansa, da kuma tare da su a fagen yaƙi zauna kwance dama dubu sojojin da suka mutu domin su sarki. Birtaniya kula game da su tarihi, kuma a cikin wuri inda mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce, akwai wannan yaki, da sufi da aka kafa, tare da babban bagaden coci ne daidai inda ya kashe Harold II.

A sha kashi, wanda ya ba impetus ga ci gaban ikon

Bayan lashe a Hastings, Duke William aiko da sojojinsa a London da kuma dauki shi ba tare da wata wahala ba. A Anglo-Saxon aristocracy aka tilasta ikrari da dama da kursiyin, da kuma a watan Disamba 1066 aka lashe. Kamar yadda zamani masu bincike, wadannan aukuwa sun cika fuska canza dukan shakka da tarihin Turai. Tare da Accession a kan karaga, Duke William dauki a cikin tarihi na zamanin d kuma antiquated ya lokaci Anglo-Saxon kasar, aka maye gurbinsa da wani Karkasa mulkin gargajiya daular mulkinsu, dangane da wani karfi sarauta da iko.

Shi ya ba da wani iko impetus cewa a yarda Ingila na wani dan gajeren lokaci don zama daya daga cikin mafi ɓullo da Turai al'ummai. Duk da cewa sarki aka kashe a yakin Hastings da kuma sojojinsa aka ci, a sha kashi juya a cikin qasashen amfãni a jihar. Akwai daya daga cikin paradoxes cewa su ne don haka m tarihi. Ka tambayi kanka da tambaya, "Wa lashe yaƙi?" Amsar ne bayyananne - da Normans. Kuma gaya mani, wanda kyakkyawan samu daga wannan tarihi amfani? Englishmen. Saboda haka ga amsa tambaya daga wanda ya lashe yakin Hastings, kada sauri.

A gani na wannan taron a cikin zamani al'ada

Wannan shi ne wani tarihi taron, wanda ya dauki tara da rabi da suka wuce ƙarni, kullum arouses sha'awa tsakanin masana kimiyya, mutane na art, da kuma kawai ga wadanda suke son su tono a cikin turɓãya na da ƙarni. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, ya sadaukar da aikin Heine da kuma AK Tolstoy. Italian ikon karfe band "Madzhesti" saki, a 2002. A album sadaukar da wannan yaƙi. Yana hada 12 waƙoƙi. A Birtaniya yan fim yin fim biyu fina-finai, da labaru wadda ake bisa sanannen yaƙi.

A matasa da shi ya zama mashahuri kwamfuta wasan halitta dangane da labarin wannan taron. Wannan ke kawai ya real name ne sau da yawa ya furta kuskure, ta amfani da magana "Battle of Hastings". Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai na kudin da matasa subculture. A general, irin wannan m sha'awa a cikin tarihi da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na bygone ƙarni ne, ba shakka, a kwarin gwiwa hujja.