Barsakelmes Island a Aral Sea

Barsakelmes - da na biyu mafi girma a tsibirin, da kuma yanzu - da fili a cikin arewa na Aral Sea ƙafe, a cikin Kyzylorda yankin na Kazakhstan. Name Barca Kelmes ( "tafi - babu sama"), bisa labari, an haɗa da ban tausayi rabo da dama iyalan wanda ya riƙi tsari a tsibirin a lokacin yakin basasa. Wucewa ta mashigar a cikin hunturu a kan kankara, mutane da aka yanke daga tekun hadari halakar da kankara gada. Suka gudanar da tsira hunturu da farauta dabbobi da tsuntsaye, yada gobara na saxaul kuma dab da dusar ƙanƙara, amma a lokacin rani da tafkunansu meltwater bushe, kuma duk 'yan gudun hijira ya rasu ƙishirwa.

Features na tsibirin

A binciken da ya fara tare da Barsakelmes Butakova balaguro a 1848. Tsibirin kanta da kuma Aral Sea a kan taswira za a iya kyan gani a kasa. Tun daga nan, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa, wannan ɓangare na ƙasar da aka canza ta size. Wannan shi ne saboda wani karfi shoaling ruwaye. Alal misali, a shekarun 1960s, tsibirin da aka nisan kilomita 23 a tsawon, a cikin 1980 - 30 km, kai wani yanki na 300 sq. km. A cikin shekarun 1990s, kamar yadda bushewa tafki Barsakelmes juya a cikin wani sashin, kuma ta 2009 a teku a kusa da ya bushe, kuma ya zama na halitta iyaka da babban yankin.

sauyin yanayi

Island Barsakelmes Aral Sea ne sharply nahiyar sauyin yanayi yankin. Wannan shi ne bayyanannu a cikin manyan yanayi da kuma diurnal zazzabi bambancin. Wannan yanki na ƙasar nasa ne da Arewa-climatic yankin Turan hamada zone. A talakawan Yuli zazzabi - + 25 ° ... + 26 ° C, matsakaicin - + 42 ° ... + 44 ° C. A watan Fabrairu kullum ne daga -10 ° C zuwa -13 ° C. The mafi ƙasƙanci kudi na zazzabi da aka gyarawa a kusa da -36 ° C.

Tsawo sanyi lokaci (na farko shekaru goma na Disamba zuwa farkon shekarun Maris), amma shi ne halin da m thaws da sifili zazzabi. A lokacin nufin yanayin zafi a wuce haddi na 0 °, yana 227-237 kwana daga Maris 20/25 zuwa 8/13 Nuwamba. The sanyi-free weather kafa na tsawon 173-178 kwana.

A lokacin rani lokaci da zafi ne low, m kwanaki kawai 10% (hunturu - 50%). Spring ne takaice, da kuma dusar ƙanƙara ne dab hanzari. Ruwan sama ne low - 126-128 mm a kowace shekara, tare da mafi yawansu shi fadowa a cikin sanyi yanayi. A mafi ruwa watanni - Afrilu da watan Oktoba. Kwari snow cover zurfin 10-15 zuwa 40 cm da aka gudanar 80-90 kwanaki. ƙasa daskarewa zurfin ne 45 cm. A cikin hunturu sanyi m tsananin iska. Sea bushewa sauyin yanayi sanya sharper, talakawan bazara da zazzabi tashi 2-2,5 ° C, hunturu kika aika 1-2 ° C.

A abun da ke ciki na kasar gona

Island Barsakelmes har 1965 da yawa daga m ruwaye. Waɗannan su ne yafi tafasan lake, wanda aka located a kan ta yamma. Wadannan kududdufai da a total yanki na 490 kadada, su zurfin ne 1.5-2 mita. Ƙasa hali na Aral Sea yankin - launin toka-kasa-kasa, ciki har da ya fi na kowa Saline da takyr-m. Sea bushewa sa a mafi girma, gwargwado surface saboda hijirarsa na teku gishiri iskõki.

taimako

Island a Aral Sea ga sauƙi ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa. A farko - wani dagagge Filato a kudu da wani matsakaicin tsawo na 108 mita, na biyu - da filayen kwarinta zuwa arewa. A arewa maso yammacin, arewa da kuma gabas na rairayi suna located a kan gaba na tsohon. A nisa da suka isa biyu kilomita zuwa yamma da kuma 200-440 m a gabas.

yawan

Har farkon XX karni, tsibirin ya inda ba wanda yake zaune Barsakelmes, wani m yawan on da aka bata. Bayyana cewa ya sauki isa. Da farko, wannan ne saboda da wuri da kuma sauyin yanayi halaye. A 1929-1939 shekaru a Barsakelmes yi farauta m "Soyuzpushnina" sun gidaje a tsakiyar gidan gona da dugouts, mafaka ga lokaci na kama kifi ƙasa squirrels. wucin gadi Wuraren da tattara ruwan sama da ruwa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara da aka gina da bukatun jama'a, da tsibirin shigo da dabbobi da kuma irin gada.

ajiye Barsakelmes

A 1939, tsibirin Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka kafa, daya daga wanda ayyuka ne haifuwa na rare da farauta. Back a 1929, sai ya kawo Barsakelmes saiga, a 1953 - Kulan, wanda aka shirya don domesticate da su ƙetare, da dawakai, da alfadarai, don samar. By tsakiyar karni shi aka yi acclimatization barewa, zomo, gopher-sandstone, Pheasant da Partridge. Kula da bareyi su ne babban abubuwa na kariya, amma bayan shekara ta 2009 da garke ya bar sashin kuma warwatse ko'ina cikin steppe. Saiga da karshen 1980, jimlar ya 30 mutane, da kuma sauran sun ko dai harba a sakamakon uncontrolled farauta, ko zama ganima ga Wolves, wanda ya daidaita a kan tsibirin, a waɗannan kwanaki. Mai yiwuwa, wani ɓangare daga garken shanu ta hanyar hunturu kankara gudun hijira zuwa kasar.

kayan duniya

Barsakelmes tsibirin bambanta da musamman wakilan da Flora. Angiosperms ne 257 jinsunan na zuwa 172 danginsu 46 iyalansu. Mamaye goosefoot, wanda akwai 41 jinsunan, ciki har da na kowa ga m zone baki saxaul, Anabasis salsa da boyalysh. Tartsatsi herbaceous halophytes, kazalika da irin quinoa da Climacoptera. The iyali da aka wakilta yawa hatsi da kuma m hamada wheatgrass da gashin tsuntsu. m masu ɗaci ne Marinjãyi a cikin Asteraceae. Cruciferous - 26 jinsunan, mafi deskurenii Sofia da Goldbach. Legumes ne sosai rarer, amma a kananan yankunan wani lokaci ana mamaye yashi itacen ƙirya, Grandiflora caragana da raƙumi ƙaya. Wadannan biyar iyalan rike da 57% na gida Flora.

A general, da shuka duniya nasa ne da Turan floristic lardin. Kazakhstan endemic jinsunan: gashin tsuntsu Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy barbed quinoa, petrosimoniya m-masu gashi, da dama jinsunan abinci mai ɗaci: switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, lafiya-ji. Wurare da dama a thickets na tsamiya. Daya daga cikin ado ne Barsakelmes hamada saxaul Ashtarot, da tsawo na 2.5-3 mita tsaya.

dabba duniya

Nazarin sasannin vertabrate 20 jinsunan, daga gare su kadai amphibian, kore toad rai a cikin kusanci da wucin gadi tafkunan. Daga cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya fi na kowa takyr Agama. Quite na kowa cottonmouth Pallas, kibiya-maciji, squeaky gecko, da suke zaune a Anabasis salsa-seropolynnoy hamada. The ɗan tutun rairai lizard samu da sauri. Rare jinsin su ne coluber da steppe kunkuru.

Island Barsakelmes arziki iri-iri na wakilan da tsuntsãye. A avifauna kunshi game da 211 jinsunan tsuntsaye, duka biyu nesting da migrating. A jihar bakin teku sashi sau daya nested bebe swan, curly kwasakwasa, mallard, garganey, m duck, shoveler, Stilt, Caspian tern. Mai girma lalacewar da soket a kan ƙasa a kan rairayin bakin teku da kuma yashi tsibiran, fox amfani. A cikin cliffs zaune shelduck, black gaggãwar, pleshanka, rock sparrow, jackdaw, Turai kudan zuma-ci, da kuma a wasu shekaru nesting tsuntsaye masu cin nama - saker shaho da kestrel.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa ta 1990 akwai 12 da iri: kananan da kuma Dwarf mai-tailed jerboa jerboa (mazauni), bicolored shrew, gopher-sandstone (kasuwanci jinsunan), da launin toka hamster, fox, kerkẽci da sauransu hadu a baya Korsak aka a 1960 halakar da Foxes ..

don takaita

Tsibirin tarihi ne quite ban sha'awa. Game da shi ne almara. Wannan yanki na ƙasar musamman da kuma m. Mutane da yawa sun bayar da hujjar cewa lokaci ta ke kada a gane shi (hour a tsibirin daidaita zuwa kwanaki a kasar). Akwai bace da babban jirgin ruwa da iyo a cikin Aral Sea. A kan taswira, wanda aka sanya up a wannan lokacin, tsibirin da ake ba da aka nuna, tun daga shekarar 2009, shi daina wanzuwa saboda da bushewa har na fi na yankin.