Nau'in shuke-shuke: misalai da kuma halaye na da babbar taxonomic kungiyoyin

Duk da shuke-shuke da zama a duniya, suna da yawa da kuma bambance bambancen da cewa malamai fiye da sau daya kokarin shirya su. Don wannan karshen, suka kasu kashi daban-daban jinsunan Flora jinsin da kuma kungiyoyin. Dalili na wannan irin kasawa sa su main halaye. A cikin wannan labarin, tsanaki rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke za a rage. Akwai ma za a ba su ainihin halaye da kuma tsarin fasali.

Nau'in shuke-shuke: misalai da ãyõyi

Da farko, ya kamata a ce cewa tsire-tsire ne kwayoyin iya autotrophic abinci mai gina jiki. Sun samar da nasu kwayoyin halitta - glucose carbohydrate a lokacin photosynthesis daga carbon dioxide da kuma ruwa. Wannan tsari faruwa a chloroplast - da kore plastids. Amma a wani yanayin: idan akwai hasken rana. Halittu sunan wannan mataki - photosynthesis. Wannan shi ne babban alama cewa characterizes daula na shuka rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan siffofin da tsarin a cikin tsarin na aiwatar da juyin halitta. Its kafa ne Zhan Batist Lamark, wanda ya gabatar da biyu (binary) jinsunan sunan. Nau'in shuke-shuke (tebur tare da misalai), gani karshen wannan labarin.

ƙananan tsire-tsire

Na farko kuma mafi m shuke-shuke da ka fito a lokacin juyin halitta, sun algae. Suna kuma kira ƙananan. Shi ne kuma tsanaki rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke. Misalai na kungiyar :. Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Spirogyra, Laminaria, Sargassum, da dai sauransu Lower shuke-shuke a kowa ne cewa su jiki ne kafa ta mutum Kwayoyin wanda ba samar da masana'anta. Shi ne ake kira mai thallus ko thallus. Tushen na algae ne ma ba ya nan. The aiki na abin da aka makala ga substrate kawo filamentous rhizoids ilimi. Gani, suka kama Tushen, amma ya bambanta daga gare su, in babu nama.

mafi girma da tsire-tsire

Yanzu la'akari da iri na shuke-shuke, wannan rarrabuwa ta dogara ne a kan tsarin da wahala. Wannan ake kira farko zo a bakin. Don rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayi, da bukatar ci gaba da inji kuma conductive masana'anta. A farko ƙasar shuke-shuke - Rhyniophyta - sun kananan kwayoyin. Suka hana ganye da kuma tushen, amma yana da wasu nama: na farko na dukkan inji da conductive, wanda suka muhimmanci shuka rayuwa a ƙasar. Jikinsu kunshi aboveground da kuma boye da sassa, duk da haka, maimakon na tushen sun rhizoids. Rhyniophyta haifuwa faruwa ta wajen sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na sel - spores. Masana binciken burbushin halittu ce cewa na farko mafi girma ƙasar shuke-shuke bayyana karin miliyan 400 da suka wuce.

Higher spore shuke-shuke

Modern rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke, misalai na wanda aka ba a cikin labarin da shawara da wahala na tsarin dangane da karbuwa ga canza muhalli da yanayi. Mosses, kulob din mosses, horsetails da ferns ne na farko terrestrial kwayoyin. Su haifa ta hanyar spores. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wadannan shuke-shuke akwai wani canzawar ƙarnõni: jima'i da kuma asexual, tare da predominance na daya daga cikinsu.

Higher iri shuke-shuke

Wannan sararin rukuni na shuke-shuke hadawa kwayoyin cewa haifa ta hanyar generative iri. Shi ne mafi wuya a samu idan aka kwatanta da spores. The iri kunshi wani tayi, kewaye da sinadarin gina jiki ajiye da kwasfa. Yana kare jiki da nan gaba m yanayi a lokacin ci gaba. Saboda wannan tsarin, a cikin zuriyarsa mafi damar ci gaba da kuma girma, kuma ko da yake yana bukatar wani yanayi: gaban zafi, Yã isa zama adadin makamashin hasken rana da kuma danshi. Wannan kungiyar qunshi Ƙungiyarku biyu: holo - da kuma angiosperm jinsunan.

gymnosperms

Halayyar siffofin wannan naúrar ne rashin furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tsaba ci gaba a kan mazugi Sikeli bude, t. E. Bare. Saboda haka, shuke-shuke da wannan kungiya, kuma ana haka ya kira. Mai gymnosperms wakilta conifers. Suna halin apical shoot girma, gaban musamman motsa, cike da guduro da muhimmanci mai. Allura-kamar ganye daga wadannan shuke-shuke suna kira needles. Su stomata ake cika da guduro, game da shi hana wuce kima danshin aiwatar da undesired danshi hasãra. Saboda haka mafi yawan conifers ne Evergreen. Ba su zubar da ganye da farko na sanyi kakar. Cones dukkan gymnosperms ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa, domin ba su samar da wata flower. Wannan shi ne na musamman canji na gudun hijira, wanda ya yi aikin aiki na generative haifuwa.

angiosperms

Wannan shi ne mafi girma rukuni na shuke-shuke da suke da mafi wuya a samu. Su a halin yanzu zauna a rinjaye matsayi a duniya. Su halayyar alama ne gaban furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Sashen angiosperms, bi da bi, ne zuwa kashi biyu azuzuwan: daya-da kuma dicotyledonous. Su babban alama ne na din-din-din - da ya dace adadin da cotyledons a cikin tayi na zuriya. Brief rarrabuwa na shuke-shuke, da kuma misalai na babban fasali na tsarin da babban taxonomic raka'a aka nuna a tebur. Yana nuna mawuyaci a cikin tsarin kwayoyin a cikin tsarin juyin halitta.

Nau'in shuke-shuke: a tebur da misalai

Duk jinsuna na Flora za a iya systematized. Bari taƙaice duk na sama, ta amfani da tebur da ke ƙasa:

A halin yanzu rarrabuwa na shuka kwayoyin ƙwarai facilitates tsari, daga karatunsu, shi damar kafa da halaye da kuma interrelationships tsakanin daban-daban kungiyoyin.