Autotrophic kwayoyin: tsarin fasali da kuma aiki

Autotrophic kwayoyin ne iya da kansa samar da makamashi domin duk rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Kamar yadda suka gudanar da wadannan canje? Abin da yanayi da ake bukata domin wannan? Bari mu gano.

autotrophs

Fassara daga Girkanci "auto" na nufin "kai" da kuma "trofos" - "abinci". A wasu kalmomin, autotrophic kwayoyin samu makamashi daga sunadarai matakai da faruwa a jikinsu. Ba kamar heterotrophs da cewa ciyar kawai shirye kwayoyin abubuwa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin wakilan da kwayoyin duniya ciki na biyu kungiyar. Animals, fungi, mafi kwayoyin ne heterotrophs. Shuka kwayoyin nuna kwayoyin halitta a kan nasu. Ƙwayoyin cuta ne ma mai raba mulki a yanayi. Amma dukan halaye na masu rai, su ne kawai domin haihuwa nasu irin ta kai-taron. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewa waje rundunar kwayoyin, ƙwayoyin cuta ne gaba daya m, kuma kada ku nuna alamu na rai.

shuke-shuke

Autotrophic kwayoyin ne da farko kayan lambu. Wannan shi ne su main bayãnin hukuncin fasalin. Organic abubuwa, musamman glucose monosaccharide, sai suka samar a cikin tsari na photosynthesis. Yana auku a shuka Kwayoyin, a cikin na musamman da wasu gabbansa kira chloroplast. Wannan dvumembrannye plastids dauke da kore pigment. Photosynthesis kwarara yanayi ne ma gaban hasken rana, ruwa da carbon dioxide.

Jigon photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide shiga cikin kore Kwayoyin via musamman samuwar - stomata. Sun kunshi biyu bude yatsun da aka bude a gare dauke da fitar da wannan tsari. Therethrough da kuma iskar gas musayar faruwa: da carbon dioxide shiga cikin cell, da kuma oxygen generated da photosynthesis, - yanayi. Bayan iskar gas, wanda shi ne mai bukata kafun ga rayuwa, shuke-shuke samar da glucose. Suna amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da samfur ga aiwatar da girma da kuma ci gaba.

Lokaci guda tare da aiwatar da photosynthesis, shuke-shuke ci gaba da numfashi. Kamar yadda wadannan biyu sabani matakai na iya faruwa lokaci guda? Yana da sauki. Kan aiwatar da numfasawa ne kasa m fiye da photosynthesis. Saboda haka, da tsire-tsire emit mafi oxygen fiye da carbon dioxide. Duk da haka, lokaci mai tsawo a cikin duhu daki mai yawa shuke-shuke, da numfashi zama da wahala. Gaskiyar cewa adadin oxygen zai ragu da carbon dioxide, a akasin haka, kara.

A general, photosynthetic kwayoyin da planetary muhimmanci. Godiya a gare su, akwai rai a duniya duniya. Kuma wannan ba wani rant. Bayan duk, rayuwa shi yiwuwa ba tare da oxygen.

kwayoyin cuta

Autotrophic kwayoyin da kwayoyin ne. Kuma ba haka ba ne game da blue-kore algae, Kwayoyin dauke da kore pigment chlorophyll.

Akwai musamman kungiyar na kwayoyin - chemotroph. Sun manne hadaddun kwayoyin mahadi zuwa sauki, wanda za a iya tunawa da shuke-shuke. Tare da lalata sinadaran shaidu da aka kasaftawa wani adadin na makamashi da cewa chemotroph amfani ga rayuwar. Wadannan sun hada da nitrogen-kayyade, da baƙin ƙarfe, da sulfur kwayoyin. Alal misali, wadannan kwayoyin oxidize ammonia zuwa nitrite - salts na nitric acid, wani sulfur fili - to salts na sulfuric acid, sulfates.

Amma mafi sau da yawa samu tsakanin kwayoyin jinsunan heterotrophic kwayoyin - saprotrophs. Domin ikon suke yin amfani da ragowar matattu kwayoyin, ko su na rayuwa kayayyakin. Wannan kwayoyin putrefaction da fermentation.

Ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa a cikin yanayi babu abubuwa da kwayoyin cuta ba za a iya raba.

Autotrophic kwayoyin ne ba ko da yaushe iya kafa gudanar da mahadi. Sau da yawa sosai a cikin yanayi na rai yanayi na kwayoyin bambanta. Sa'an nan kuma, wadannan matakai zama ba zai yiwu ba. Autotrophs a cikin tsarin juyin halitta saba da wannan a kansu hanya. Alal misali, guda-celled dabba euglena kore a lokacin ya fi karfinsu lokaci iya shirye su ci kwayoyin abubuwa. Kuma a lõkacin da mai rai yanayi ne bisa al'ada, da ta ke mayar da su photosynthesis. Irin kwayoyin ake kira mixotrophy.

Autotrophic kwayoyin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayi, samar da yanayi na zama na dukan sauran mulkokin yanayi.