Astrakhan lardin. Accession zuwa Rasha, kuma tana mayar

Astrakhan lardin 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 2017 murna ta 300th ranar tunawa. Yana da aka kafa daga umurnin Bitrus da Great a 1717. A da karkararta tun 1480 ne Astrakhan mulki, wanda wanzu har 1557, lokacin da aka haɗe zuwa Moscow State.

Tarihi na ilimi

Shekaru uku baya, da Moscow sojojin karkashin jagorancin Prince Pronsky-Shemyakin shiga yankin na mulkin domin kafa kursiyin kõre Derbyshev Khan, wanda ya nemi taimako daga Moscow da ya dauki wani bai'a ga Rasha jihar tare da yanayin da biyan haraji. Bayan da cin amana a 1557 sojojin Rasha annexed da Khanate zuwa Rasha.

Rasha jihar bukatu a waɗannan ƙasashe ya kasance kullum babbar. Ya yi da dama da manufofin. Na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci - da kariya daga kan iyakoki daga hare-hare na Tatar hordes, wanda lokaci zuwa lokaci ƙetare kan iyaka zuwa cikin kasar, game da shi, haddasa irreparable lalacewar da yawan jama'a, Kame jirgin bautar mazaunan. Na biyu - da Caspian Sea, wanda ya samun da dabarun muhimmancin da ke jihar. Mulkin mallaka baki motsa tare da wahala. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta m hare-hare na Tatars da predatory hare-haren da free Cossacks da Kalmyks.

Tun 1708 ƙasar tsohon mulkin da aka kafa a cikin ƙasa na Kazan lardin. Babban sha'awa ga baki ya nuna Potr Veliky. Shi ne ya bayar da wannan umarni a 1717 sanya ƙasar yankuna na Rasha Empire. Astrakhan tsohon mulkin ya zama wani ɓangare matsayin administrative naúrar - lardin, karkashin jagorancin Gwamna Janar.

Gwargwadon wuri

Samun Astrakhan lardin - kudu-gabashin Turai Rasha. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da karkararta, kamar yadda da iyakoki na shekara 1914 hada da Astrakhan yankin da kuma Kalmykia cikakken, partially Volgograd da Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory, Dagestan da kuma Kazakhstan Guryev yankin.

An ayi a kan da Caspian filayen kwarinta, game da kilomita 500 shi an wanke ta Caspian Sea. Ƙananan kai na da Volga River raba lardin shiga kashi biyu. Dama (da Volga) da ake kira da Kalmyk steppe, Hagu (Zavolzhskaya) - Kirghiz steppe. Deepest Volga a Astrakhan lardin ne zuwa kashi biyu bakuna, tsagawa cikin da yawa tashoshi, wanda lambar da yake a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Caspian Sea ne 70.

Yadda za a canza abun da ke ciki na lardin

History of Astrakhan lardin yake cike da canje-canje. Yana hada da samu daga manyan ƙasa. Gubernija karkashin Peter muhimmanci daban-daban daga yanzu filin. Gẽfunanta mika daga cikin daji matakan Kirghiz zuwa Caucasus, daga Kuban da Stavropol Abuja zuwa Tsakiya Volga.

A birnin Astrakhan lardin, da suke da asali na da karkararta:

• Astrakhan.
• Guryev - a halin yanzu a cikin Atyrau (Kazakhstan) .
• Dmitrievsky - a halin yanzu Kamyshin.
• Krasny Yar.
• Kizlyar.
• Petrovsk.
• Samara.
• Saratov.
• Simbirsk - Ulyanovsk a lokacin.
• Syzran.
• Terek.
• Tsarina - a halin yanzu aiki.
• Black Yar.

Bayan shekaru 11, hudu daga cikin Volga biranen (Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Syzran) da aka cire daga da kuma shigar da Kazan lardin. Bayan wani shekaru 11, Saratov kara sake zuwa Astrakhan lardin. A shekara daga baya ya zama cibiyar Saratov gwamna.

Domin reference, gwamnan - wani irin kai gwamnati. Gudanar gwamnan nada ta Moscow, amma, sabanin da gwamnan da aka ba sa a cikin kudi na jihar, kuma ya kasance a kan ciyar da zama ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ya burin - don sarrafa lardin da kuma tattara haraji. Gwamnan ya zama tartsatsi a zamanin mulkin Catherine II. Wannan nau'i na gwamnati ya halayyar ba kawai na Rasha, amma ya faru a wasu kasashe, musamman Ingila.

Akwai wani da dabara amma muhimmanci aiki a kan tsari na ƙasa a jihar a cikin abin da Astrakhan lardin ya dauka ta muhimmanci wuri a matsayin outpost na daular da kuma wata gada a tsakanin Rasha da kuma Gabas. Its sakamakon - da samuwar sabuwar larduna, da miƙa mulki daga wasu yankunan zuwa wasu yankunan. A 1752 birnin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Orenburg Guryev. Shekaru talatin da baya Astrakhan lardin, a lokaci guda a cikin abun da ke ciki shiga garin na Uralsk. Bayan wani lokaci Axhtubinsk Black Yar kuma Tsarina koma cikin lardin.

Motsi a lardin

Sararin yankunan da aka sparsely lugar lardin Astrakhan. Mun zauna nan ga mafi part nomadic mutãnensu, da Kirghiz da Kalmyks. Babban ɓangare na birnin ne ayi a kan bankunan na Volga - sanya arziki a cikin kifi da dabbõbin ƙasar. Don a tabbatar da al'ada aiki ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar da zaunar da mazauna zaune a kan karkararta. Yana fara kwanan nan a duniya muhallinsa daga Turai na cikin daular a Kirghiz steppe.

Yana daukan yanke shawara dole ga speedy shiri na ƙasa na lardin: a saka ƙasar don sayarwa a kan m sharuddan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, suka gabatar, suka yarda for free amfani. Sake ma su matsugunni da aka za'ayi dukan kauyuka. Akwai sabon Cossack kauyuka. Astrakhan lardin wani wuri na hijira, akwai mata kagarai. Wannan bar Old Muminai kuma dissenters. By ƙarshen XIX karni da dama daga cikin Orthodox yawan (Rasha, Ukrainian) ya game 55%, Kirghiz (Kazakhs) - game da 25%, Kalmyks - 13%, Tatars - 6%.

administrative division

A administrative cibiyar lardin ita ce birnin Astrakhan. A farkon shekarun da XX karni. a lardin, akwai 5 kananan hukumomi. County Astrakhan Astrakhan lardin shi ne mafi girma cikin sharuddan yawan - 219 760 mutane (1897). Sa'an nan ya zo da sabon halitta Enotaevsky, Krasnoyarsk, kuma Chernoyarsky Tsarovsky, Kalmyk kuma Kirghiz matakan da Astrakhan Cossack sojojin.

A abun da ke ciki na biyar kananan hukumomi hada da:

• Yankunan karkara - 157;
• alƙaryu - 47;
• Mills - 13;
• uryadnicheskih yankunan - 89.

Kalmytskaya steppe hada da bakwai ulus controls da Bazaar. Kirghiz steppe kunshi biyar sassa da biyu kananan hukumomi. A Astrakhan Cossack sojoji suna Ƙungiyarku biyu, kunsha na 13 kauyuka, da kuma ƙauyukansu ƙungiya. A total number of mazauna da fiye da miliyan. A kan ƙasa na lardin shi sarrafa 167 majami'u, 4 Orthodox gidajen lama.

Lardin a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni

Astrakhan lardin a cikin karni na 19th ci gaba da canji, duk da haka, ba su kasance kamar yadda muhimmanci kamar yadda a cikin XVIII karni. A 1832, bayan yawa reorganization Astrakhan lardin da kuma Caucasus aka gaba daya rabu. A shugaban ya tsaya biyu gwamnonin - farar hula da kuma soja. The girma na canji kuma ya kammala. Ci gaba da mulkin mallaka na yankin.

Recent yankin canje-canje ya faru a farkon XX. A 1917, da Kirghiz steppe aka sake tsarafa a cikin sabuwar Bukeyev lardin da kuma kananan hukumomi Tsarovsky da Chernoyarsky shiga Tsaritsyn lardin. A shekara ta 1925 soke kananan hukumomi da kuma 12 gundumomi suna kafa.