Armenian Kisan kare dangi na 1915: Yanã. Armenian Kisan kare dangi na 1915: effects. A tarihin na 1915 Kisan kare dangi

Turkish kisan kare dangi na Armenia a 1915, ta shirya a kan ƙasa na Daular Ottoman, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi mugayen abubuwan da ya zamanin. Wakilai daga 'yan tsirarun kabilu da aka tura, a lokacin da daruruwan dubban ko ma miliyoyin mutanen da suka mutu (dangane da kimomi). Wannan yakin ga wargajewa da Armenian kisan kare dangi da aka yanzu gane da mafi kasashen duniya al'umma. A Turkiyya kanta ba yarda da wannan halitta.

abubuwan da ake bukata

A taro da kashe-kashen da kuma korar a cikin Ottoman Empire da daban-daban haddasawa da kuma dalilai. Armenian Kisan kare dangi a 1915 ne saboda da unequal matsayi na Armenia da kabilanci Turkish rinjaye kasar. Population ragu ba kawai a kan kasa amma kuma addini filaye. Armenia kiristoci kuma yana da nasu zaman kanta coci. A Turks ne 'yan Sunni.

A cikin wadanda ba musulmi yawan kasance da matsayin dhimmi. Mutanen da suka fada karkashin wannan definition, ba su da hakkin ya kai makamai da kuma bayyana a kotu a matsayin shaida. Su ya biya high haraji. Armenia, domin mafi yawan bangare, sun matalauta. Su ne mafi yawa tsunduma a aikin noma, a cikin 'yan qasar asashe. Duk da haka, daga cikin Turkish rinjaye aka kẽwayãwa stereotype nasara da kuma wayo da wani Armenian m, da sauransu. D. Wadannan gajerun hanyoyi kawai exacerbate ƙiyayya mazaunan wannan kananan kabilu. Wadannan hadaddun dangantaka za a iya kwatanta ta da tartsatsi anti-Semitism a kasashe da dama na lokaci.

A Caucasian lardunan Ottoman Empire, da halin da ake ciki sun kara rincabewa, kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ƙasashe bayan da yaki da Rasha zapolonyayut Musulmi 'yan gudun hijira, wanda, saboda su matalauta rai yanayi kullum zo a cikin rikici tare da na gida Armenia. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Turkish jama'a ne a cikin fevered jihar. Yana a shirye ya ke yarda da mai zuwa Armenian Kisan kare dangi (1915). A Sanadin wannan bala'i ne mai zurfi sabani da rashin jituwa tsakanin jama'ar kasashen biyu. Ake bukata walƙiya cewa zai yi kunna wata babbar wuta.

A yakin duniya na farko

A sakamakon da m juyin juya halin a 1908 a cikin Ottoman Empire zo ikon, jam'iyyar İttihat ( "Union da kuma ci gaba"). Its mambobi kira kansu Matasan Turks. A sabuwar gwamnatin da aka hastily nemi akida a kan abin da muka iya gina nasu jihar. Dalili aka soma da Pan-Turkism kuma Turkish kishin kasa - ideas cewa ba su sa ran kome kyau ga Armenia da kuma sauran kananan kabilu.

A shekara ta 1914, Daular Ottoman a cikin farkawa da sabon manufofin kafa wani ƙawance da Kaiser ta Jamus. Bisa ga yarjejeniyar, da al'ummai sun amince da samar da damar yin amfani da Caucasus, Turkey, inda da yawa musulmi suka zauna. Amma a cikin wannan yankin sun Kiristoci da Armenia.

Tare da shigarwa na Turkey a yakin duniya na farko ya fara da farko zalunci da duk wadanda ba Musulmi ba, ciki har da requisition na dukiya zuwa jihar. A lokaci guda hukuma ayyana wani jihadi - mai tsarki yaki a kan kãfirai. Sama dhimmis fara tara da menacing girgije. Inexorably gabatowa Armenian Kisan kare dangi (1915), da Sanadin wanda muka yi la'akari a cikin labarin.

na farko da kisan kai

Lokacin da Ottoman Empire aka kawai ya shiga yakin duniya na farko a gefen Jamus, da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka ayyana a ko'ina cikin kasar. Karkashin kiran zo da Armenian maza. Su sojojin ne, yafi da hannu a cikin fadan da Farisa da Rasha. Amma daga farkon Turks fara sha dabarun shan kashi a duk fronts. A tsanani buga wa Istanbul ya da shan kashi a yakin sarikamish a Disamba 1914 - Janairu 1915. Hukumomi sa'an nan same shi da laifi, saboda abin da na mallaka Rasha Army cimma wani hukunci nasara. Hakika, sun kasance Armenia.

Tuni a watan Fabrairu, da taro kwance damarar yaki da sojoji na cewa kabila. Ta hanyar kwata ya faru game da mutum ɗari da dubu mutane. Sa'an nan ya zo na farko da kashe-kashen a kan kabilanci filaye. Armenian sojoji, wanda ba ya so ya yi ɗã'a ga wani umurni, unceremoniously hana rai. Ƙyãmã na azabtarwa. Jita-jita na kwance damarar yaki da gurbata seeped a Istanbul, inda dukkan kafofin watsa labarai yada labarai na cin amanar da 'yan leƙen asirin. Yana da aka ba da Armenian kisan kare dangi na 1915, kuma ta share fage.

korar

M domin dukan duniya ta zama ranar Afrilu 24, 1915. A Armenian Kisan kare dangi a yau ake dangantawa da wannan rana (misali, an dauke a ranar tunawa da ga wadanda ke fama da kisan kare dangi a Armenia). Yana an haɗa da nan events a Istanbul. Afrilu 24, 1915 aka fara kama sa'an nan tura Armenian Elite na babban birnin kasar na Ottoman Empire. Wannan taron ya sigina na kama kamfen a fadin kasar.

Ko kafin abubuwan da suka faru na Istanbul korar da aka hõre Armenian mazauna frontline larduna. Hukumomi fitar da su a karkashin, hujja daga muhallinsa domin mafi aminci yankunan. A gaskiya ma, mutane da aka aika zuwa cikin hamada, inda suka ake massively mutuwa da ƙishirwa, da yunwa, da kuma mummunan yanayin rayuwar. Wannan ya yi purposefully. A cikin irin wannan tafiya da aka aiko galibi mata, yara da kuma tsofaffi - mutanen da suka iya tsayawa ba har wa kansu. Mutanen da aka kama a gaba don kauce wa wani shirya juriya.

A watan Mayu, da Armenian Kisan kare dangi a 1915 ya rufe wuraren m mazaunin mutane na Anatoliya - da yankin ne da nisa daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo da yadda ake gudanar. Yanzu, hukumomi ba su ma suna da wani plausible hujjar sake ma su matsugunni. Duk da haka, a lokacin da flywheel na danniya an riga an ciyar, da kuma fitarwa yakin neman dauki wani ambaliyar ruwa.

Afrilu goma sha tara a Van Armenian tawaye ya barke. Mazauna, da sanin abin da jiran su a lokacin da korar, ya dauki makamai. Suka aika da hukumomi yaƙi da Baturke sojoji ci gaba har wata daya. Armenia jira domin isowa na Rasha sojoji, wanda ya tsira daga sananne mutuwar fararen hula. A lokacin tsaron gida fadace-fadace da kuma kisan kiyashi gabanin tawayen sun rasa rayukansu game da hamsin da biyar dubu Armenia. A ko'ina cikin kisan kare dangi a Ottoman Empire ya 'yan wannan manyan hannun jari na fãsiƙanci. Turkish hukumomin amfani da labarai game da su a matsayin hujja da cin amana da kuma rashin jituwa da Armenia.

A apogee na anti-Armenian yaƙin neman zaɓe

May 26 ministan harkokin cikin Ottoman Empire, Talaat Pasha ya shirya wani sabon dokar, bisa ga abin da expulsions sun zama batun waɗanda suka sãɓã da gwamnatin manufofin. A watan Yuni, ya kuma bayar da umurnin da fitarwa daga duk Armenia daga kusan goma gabashin lardunan kasar. Wani yakin da aka za'ayi da 'yan dokoki. Bisa ga umarni, da ikon a kowane yankin da yawan Armenia da za a rage zuwa 10% daga cikin sauran na yawan al'umar Musulmi. Bugu da kari, kananan kabilu haramta bude nasu makarantu da sabon ƙauyuka da aka kamata ya zama a wani babba nesa daga juna.

A watan Yuli fitar rungumi yammacin larduna da haka yada wa dukan Ottoman Empire. Dalilin da Armenian Kisan kare dangi ya Afrilu 24, 1915, kuma wadannan watanni da aka ga kwanon rufi-Turkic siyasa na hukumomi. Duk da haka, a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma da dama manyan birane fitarwa dauki ba haka m. Yana da alaka da cewa gwamnatin ji tsoron talla yan jaridan kasashen waje da suke zaune a Istanbul, Izmir, da sauransu. D.

Kisa a lokacin korar da aka shirya. Bugu da kari, mutane da yawa daga Armenia mutu daga cikin mummunan yanayi na hanya ko a cikin taro sansani. Daga baya, da Turkish kotu gabatar da shaida da cewa hukumomi sun za'ayi likita gwaje-gwajen a 'yan kananan kabilu. Su, musamman, don kokarin maganin da typhus. Dubban Armenia aka mutuwa a kowace rana daga cikin azaba da zagi na gendarmes.

jikkata

Yau akwai da dama diametrically nuna adawa kimomi na yadda mutane da yawa ne aka kashe kuma suka ji rauni a lokacin Ottoman events na waɗanda shekara. A tarihin Armenian kisan kare dangi na 1915 ya ci gaba da za a yi karatu a daban-daban jami'o'i a duniya. Open kafofin, bincika da shaida.

Alal misali, a watan Agusta 1915, daya daga cikin shugabannin na Sun Turks, Enver Pasha aka magana game da 300 dubu Armenia halaka. Jamus zamantakewa rajin Johannes Lepsius, wanda gudanar da nasa binciken da na yi abubuwan da suka faru a cikin zafi bi, samar da dama shirin tarin. Ya kuma kawo wani adadi na miliyan daya matattu. Lepsius duka tarihi na aiwatar da kisan gillar da Armenia da aka bincikar a 1915. A takaice, ya ce cewa game da 300 mutane dubu da aka tilas tuba zuwa ga Musulunci.

Modern nazarin bayar da shawarar da dama Figures. Alal misali, a cikin Turkey, kafofin ce game da 200 dubu matattu, yayin da Armenian edition na da'awar miliyan 2. Kuma, misali, sanannen kundin "Britannica" ba ya bayar da cikakken kimomi, manne ga mai fadi da kewayon daga 600 dubu zuwa miliyan 1.5 shafa. Ga wani ya kasance a cikin Afrilu 1915 ...

Armenian Kisan kare dangi da kuma duk abubuwan da suka faru na cewa lokaci yana dogon baya. Sai da na ɗauki wani karni for wanda ya mutu karshe shaidu na kisan-kiyashi. Ottoman hukumomi har yanzu a lokacin da aka ɗebe da kuma kisan kamfen a hankali zubar da kowane abuba, rubuta umarni da kuma sauran kafofin, wanda zai iya mayalwaci hukunci da abin da ya faru. Duk da wannan tare kaiwa zuwa mummunan irin daban-daban kimomi.

A soja kotun a Turkey

Duk da kokarin da hukumomin Ottoman a rufe har suka aikata, a cikin labarai game da korar da taro m kashe-kashe fararen hula ya fara zuba a kasashen waje. Tuni a cikin May 1915, da kawayenta na Entente (Britaniya, Faransa da kuma Rasha) ya sanya hannu a hadin gwiwa da yake da'awarsu, wanda ya kira ga Istanbul tasha repressions da kansa yawan jama'a. Hakika, wadannan kalamai kuma ga wani wadãtar.

Revaluation hatsari a Turkey ya faru ne kawai a cikin 1918, lokacin da kasar da aka ci a yakin duniya na farko. Istanbul aka shagaltar da ta Allied sojojin, da farko mutane da suka gabata gwamnatin a gaba tsere daga kasar. Waɗannan su ne Young Turks, wanda ya yi juyin mulkin soja a 1908 da kuma jan kasarsa a cikin yakin duniya na a gefen Jamus.

Yanzu da kawayenta a kan Rights na lashe bukaci a gudanar da bincike game da abin da ya jagoranci kisan kiyashi da Armenia da Ottoman hukumomi na sabon (1915). Dalilan tarihi, tsira takardun - duk a hankali yayi nazari a kotun ta fara aiki a watan Disamba na shekarar 1918 (cewa shi ne har yanzu 'yan watanni shari'ar da aka gudanar a gwamnatin hukumar). An tabbatar da cewa kisan fararen hula da aka aikata a wani tsari hanya, wanda shi ne na duniya aikata laifukan yaki.

Babban mãsu laifi na bala'i an gane: Talaat Pasha (tsohon ministan harkokin cikin gida da kuma Grand Vizier), Enver Pasha (daya daga cikin shugabannin na Sun Turks), da kuma Djemal Pasha (wato jam'iyyar functionary). Wadannan uku, yayin da a cikin ikon, halitta wani unofficial triumvirate kuma ya dauki dukan muhimmanci jihar yanke shawara. The kotun yanke masa hukumcin kisa a baya nan, kamar yadda suka tsere daga kasar a kan Hauwa'u na bayyanar da Entente sojoji a Istanbul.

"Operation Nemesis"

The ban tausayi Armenian Kisan kare dangi (1915), da haddasawa da kuma effects cewa sun dade da aka dauke a cikin kotu, domin shekaru masu yawa, echoed a ko'ina cikin duniya. A shekara ta 1919, taro ya zartar da "Dashnaktsutiun" a cikin sabon mai zaman kanta Armenia. Wannan mulki Armenian jam'iyyar ya sanya jerin daruruwan sunayen mutanen da suke da babban initiators da executors na danniya da Armenia a cikin Ottoman Empire.

A gaskiya, a cikin Congress of "Dashnaktsutiun" ta sanar da wani yakin neman ramuwa cin zarafin na kasa bala'i. Ko da yake a lokacin a Istanbul da kuma aiki domin kotun cewa Allah wadai da shugabannin Sun Turks, sun kasance iya kauce wa azãba. Yerevan ƙaryata doka hanyoyin gwagwarmaya da cin zarafin da kisan kare dangi. Yana ta fara shirya da kisan mutane da akayi a hit jerin jam'iyyar. A yakin da aka kira "Operation Nemesis" (a tunani da Nemesis - da Girkanci aljanna na ɗaukar fansa).

A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1922. da yawa functionaries na Ottoman gwamnati aka kashe, ya haddasa kisan kare dangin da Armenia (1915). A dalilai sun riga an dauke da Baturke soja kotu da laifin laifi - tabbatar. Ko da yake "Dashnaktsutyun" gwagwarmaya aiki a kan nasu hadarin, suka yi ko da yaushe ya bayyana cewa, kawai yi istinbadi yanke shawara na kasa da kasa kotu.

Kisan kai da shugabannin Sun Turks

Maris 15, 1921 a Berlin Armenian soghomon tehlirian a gaban shaidu masu yawa kashe Talaat Pasha, wanda aka boye a Turai a karkashin wani zaci sunan. 'Yan bindigan nan da nan aka kama da Jamusanci' yan sanda. The fitina fara. Tehlirian da kai don kare mafi kyau lauyoyi a Jamus. A tsari ya kai ga m jama'a rawa. A saurarenta sun sake bayyana yawa facts na Armenian Kisan kare dangi a Ottoman Empire. Tehlirian sensationally wanke. Bayan haka, ya yi hijira zuwa {asar Amirka, inda ya mutu a shekarar 1960.

Wani babbar aka azabtar da "Operation Nemesis" ya Djemal Pasha, wanda aka kashe a Tbilisi a 1922. A wannan shekarar wani memba na triumvirate na Enver aka kashe a lokacin yaki tare da Red Army a zamani Tajikistan. Ya tsere zuwa Asiya ta tsakiya, inda don wani lokaci kasance mai aiki takara Basmach motsi.

doka magani

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Kalmar "kisan kare dangi" ya bayyana a cikin doka lexicon dogon bayan abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana. Kalma fito a 1943, da kuma asali nufi taro kisan kai da Yahudawa da Nazi hukumomi na uku Reich. Bayan 'yan shekaru, ajalin da aka gyarawa bisa ga al'ada a hukumance da sabuwar halitta United Nations. Daga baya events a cikin Ottoman Empire, aka gane a matsayin kisan kare dangi na Armenia a 1915. A musamman, an sanya ta majalisar Turai da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A 1995, da kisan kiyashin da Armenia a cikin Ottoman Empire kamar kisan kare dangi da aka gane a cikin Rasha Federation. Yau, da wannan ra'ayi da aka raba ta da yawancin Amurka jihohi, kusan duk kasashen Turai da kuma Kudancin Amirka. Amma akwai kuma kasashen da inda musun Armenian Kisan kare dangi (1915). A dalilai, a takaice, su ne siyasa. A farko wuri a cikin jerin wadannan kasashe ne na zamani Turkey da kuma Azerbaijan.