The gine na zamanin d India. Features na gine-gine na zamanin d India. Ibada na Indiya

Indiya ne daya daga cikin 'yan kasashen da ya kiyaye hadisi, ba kawai cikin sharuddan tufafi, daban-daban na art, amma kuma a gine-gine. Hadisai na zamanin d India ana sa a kusan kome da kome. Don ganin wannan, kawai ziyarci wani gari a wannan kasa. Perfect Lines kamar iyo a cikin iska laced gine-gine - wannan ba za a iya samu a wani al'ada. Architecture of Ancient India, ba shakka, daban-daban daga daya da cewa za a iya gani a zamani birane. Amma, duk da haka, da cewa shi ne tushen kowane gini, ko yana da wani zamani hotel ko haikali.

Architecture of India a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adu na kasa

A zamanin d 'yan Hindu sun sararin samaniya a matsayin wani abu unimaginably manyan da grand. Yana da wannan sakamako a kan art a general da kuma gine musamman. Ancient Monuments na Indiya, duk da gagarumin lalacewa, mamakin ta size da kwanyarsa. Indissoluble interweaving na falsafa duniya tare da music cewa kamar ta daskarewa a dutse - shi ne daidai abin da aka dauke su a hankula Indian gine. Za ka yarda da cewa ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da zamanin d India haikalin da kuma fadar gidaje, ado da sculptures, zane-zane, high domes da spiers dalaye su da zinariya.

The gine na zamanin d India ma inextricably nasaba da addini ƙungiyoyi na wannan jiha. Reliefs, rufe mafi daga cikin ganuwar tsohon gine-gine, za su iya gaya mai yawa game da Outlook na Indiyawan, kazalika da gano asiran da su baya.

A rarrabe siffofin na India gine

Mene ne daban-daban daga wasu gine-gine na zamanin d India? A takaice bayyana ta siffofin iya zama a cikin wadannan kalmomi: siffar, launi da kuma cikakken jituwa da gine-gine da suke kewaye da sararin samaniya da kuma monumentality. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa daki-daki, da gine-ginen gama: ado a kan garu, sama da kuma ko da a kan rufin. Saboda wannan tsarin, suke dashi kama yadin da aka saka, duk da size. Wannan shi ne musamman bayyananna a lokacin da kallon da haikalin da kuma birnin daga nesa, ko daga cikin iska.

Features na gine-gine na zamanin d India ne ma a cikin sacral ma'ana muhimmi a cikin kowane shiri daki-daki. M haikalin ginin a kan wani aure da shirin, da aka bayyana a addinin wallafe-wallafe. Amma duk da haka, kowace gini ne cike da hali. Wani wuri waje da ciki saman na ganuwar Bas-taimako images dauke da son sha'awa, da kuma a wasu lokuta da babban dalili zama irin labarin game da rayuwar yau da kullum na manoma, sarakuna ko alloli.

Abin da aka gina a Indiya?

Yi kayan daga wanda a zamanin d India don kafa gine-gine, daban-daban dangane da yankin. Domin arewacin kananan hukumomi da aka halin da yin amfani da dutse, da tubali da kuma itace, da kuma ga kudu - itace da Adobe tubalan. A kadan daga baya, da farko gini abu don su yi da sauran karfe farar ƙasa kankara. Shi ne kuma kowa alama ne da kogon haikalin, wanda aka yanke a monolithic dutse. A ranar, da tsohuwar India haikali gine da aka wakilta, a dutse gidaje kamar yadda itace da tubali gine-gine ba a kiyaye su a asalin siffan.

Ancient Indian birni

Don cikakken gane abin da ya gine na zamanin d India, damar dawo da ragowar garuruwan Dholavira, Lothal, kuma Kalibangan Rahilvari. A hankula layout na wadannan tsohuwar India alƙarya, kunsha na 3 sassa (kagara ko sansanin soja, da ƙananan kuma sama na birnin) har yanzu ana amfani yadu isa, amma a dan kadan daban-daban sikelin. Binciko site na zamanin d biranen India, archaeologists iya sake tabbatar da cewa a cikin wannan kasa na shekaru dubbai akwai wani cuta na jama'a a kan tushen da na ga wani musamman caste. Saboda haka, gaba ga kagara gidaje mallakar manya da aka rabu da ƙananan gari, inda ya rayu da sana'a da matalauta, wata biyu maginin bango.

Babu shakka daban-daban daga wasu birane halaye mallaki Lothal - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ciniki birane a bakin tekun India. Kagara akwai aka ba located a cikin tsakiyar birnin, da kuma a kalla nesa daga bakinta, da kuma iyakar tsakanin manya da ƙananan gari da aka gudanar a cikin wani madaidaiciya line fadi titi. Don kauce wa ambaliyar ruwa da gidajensu, a tsaye a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga ruwa, sun kasance gina a kan wani babban dandali na laka tubali.

Ibada na Indiya

Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa wadanda suke so don samun matsahi na saba da sabon abu na gine-gine na zamanin d India, shi wajibi ne don yin aikin hajji a cikin haikalin dake cikin wannan kasa. Kuma wannan gaskiya ne. Su style kuma layout ba su canza ko da bayan 8 millennia tun farkon da samuwar. Mene ne guda ne su fasalin? Da fari dai, shi ne su shirya. Ko da kuwa da wuri da kuma size, duk da haikali na Indiya kunshi wadannan gabatarwa:

• Kogon dutse (garbhabriha) - low windowless daki guda low-izinin tafiya, wadda gidaje da babban haikalin abin bautãwa mutum-mutumi;
• Wiman - domed hasumiya ko shpilevidnoy form falalen kan alfarwa ta sujada.
• wuce kusa da Wuri Mai Tsarki - pradakshinapatha a kan wanda Haikali baƙi aka koma yin bypassing da babban haikalin shrine.
• mukhamandapa - kananan corridor cewa haɗu da wuri mai tsarki na Haikali, tare da babban zauren, amfani da matsayin ajiya sarari ga addini da kuma sadaukarwa abubuwa, hadayu,
• mandapa - daki, dake tsakanin babban ƙofar Haikali da Wuri Mai Tsarki, shi ne akwai parishioners yin addini ayyukan;
• a gaban haikalin suna located flagpoles da mutummutumai da firam na waɗansu abũbuwan bautãwa waɗanda ake bautawa (da Allah Vishnu - Garuda, Shiva - bijimin Nandini, da dai sauransu ...).
• a cikin Haikali yadi a kan wannan layin da babban kofa da Wuri Mai Tsarki ne bagaden hadaya.
• zagayenta haikali bango hasumiya, tushe na wanda yawanci suke ƙarin ƙofar ko shrine alloli da tauraron dan adam (Lakshmi, Hanuman Subramanya et al.).

Don wannan rana, duk da canons na yi na tilasta yin aiki, da kuma shi ya ba da India Haikalin da wannan zest.

A mafi daukan hankali Monuments na gine a Indiya

Gine-gine na musamman, na India Ibada a 'yan shekarun nan ne samun miliyoyin magoya. Domin cikakken sha ruhu na zamanin d India, a cikin dormant giant gine-gine da daraja ziyartar wasu wuraren musamman. Wadannan sun hada da wani hadadden na uku Ibada a Khajuraho, abin da ya bambanta daga sauran yawan manyan da kananan mutum mutumi na mata (apsaras da surah-sundari) cewa idan dakatar da shi ga wani lokacin, amma nan da nan kuma zakruzhatsya dance. Gasa da Haikalin iya zama ba, fãce da dusar ƙanƙara-fari marmara Ranakpur, shawagi a 1444 ginshikan.

A mafi kyau da kuma richly ado tsohuwar India haikali located a yamma banki da ganges. Wannan ne kawai 'zinariya haikali' a India, domin ya gama ya tafi kusan ton na tsarki daraja karfe. Amma mafi sabon abu da kuma majestic haikali an dauke su Kailasa haikali - sassaka a cikin dutse haikali na Ubangiji Shiva. Duk da cewa a cikin shiri magina amfani da m kayan aikin, ado da zane na ginshikan da sculptures aka karin a cikin subtlety, daidaici da kuma lightness.