Kumfa gaban: description, rarrabuwa, da kafuwa

Tariffs for gidaje dumama ne kullum girma, kuma a wannan batun, mutane suka fara tunani game da samar da makamashi-ceton damar. Mutane da yawa makaran su apartments da kuma gidaje. Amfani da wannan kumfa gaban, wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin mafi kyau ga wadannan ayyuka. Wannan abu ne ma ya kira polystyrene kumfa. Its samar da tsari da aka ɓullo da a 1928, amma a cikin taro samar da wannan samfurin ya tafi a 1937. Kuma abin da kuma aka sani a game da tasiri rufi abu?

A tarihin na kumfa na da sabuwar dabara

A 1839, da Jamusanci m harhada magunguna a kan aiwatar da gwaji da kayan yaji, da ka samu styrene. Sa'an nan, bayan koyo ya gano abu, Edward Simon lura da cewa m abu bayan wani lokaci a kan nasu suna hatimce da kuma juya a cikin wani abu, kamar wani jelly. Duk wani m darajar da harhaɗa magunguna a bude gan. The abu zama da aka sani styrene oxide, kuma mafi suka taba tsunduma.

Don wannan ya mayar a 1845. Styrene sha'awar chemists Blyth da Hoffman.

Alal misali, masana daga Jamus da Ingila ciyar da wasu daga nasu gwaje-gwajen da kuma gudanar da bincike da kuma a kan aiwatar da gano cewa styrene ne tuba zuwa cikin jelly ba tare da oxygen. Blyth da von Hoffmann kira shi metastirolom. Sa'an nan, shekaru 21 baya, sealing tsari shine ake kira "Polymerization".

A 20-ies karni na karshe, Jamus chemists Hermann Staudinger sanya wani muhimmin samu. A lokacin dumama styrene farawa sarkar dauki a cikin abin da macromolecular sarƙoƙi suna kafa. Wannan samu sa'an nan aka yi amfani ga yi na daban-daban polymers da kuma robobi.

Kumfa masana'antu samar

Origin styrene kira aiwatar yi da masu bincike daga The Dow Chemical Company. Sayar da samar da polystyrene fara da Basf. A cikin 30 na injiniyoyi sun ci gaba da kuma kafa samar da polymerized styrene fasaha. A shekarar 1949 ya samu wani lamban kira ga yi na katsin, foamed da pentane. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan tushen da commencement na sayar da samar da wani abu kamar polystyrene kumfa facade.

Yadda za a samar da shi?

A raw kayan amfani a cikin polystyrene beads. Don ƙirƙirar Kwayoyin yin amfani da musamman reagents cewa foamed abu.

A mataki na farko na samar da granules zuba a cikin wani hopper, inda pre-bazuwa. A granules zama mai siffar zobe siffar. Don samun wani tasiri zafi-insulating abu da low yawa, wannan tsari an maimaita sau da yawa.

Kowane lokaci da bukukuwa suna zama ƙara. Tsakanin matakai foaming beads aka sanya a cikin wani na musamman hopper, inda for 12-24 hours dattako da matsa lamba a cikin granules da bushewa da ya auku.

A samfurin da aka sa'an nan sanya a cikin wani musamman lokacin gyare-gyaren inji, inda a karkashin rinjayar high zazzabi tururi kwarara generated. A granules ne isasshe kunkuntar a cikin mold, a high yanayin zafi tsaya tare yayin da rikewa da siffar bayan sanyaya.

Tubalan da cewa suna da gagarumin size, a yanka, a misali girma dabam. Duk da haka, kafin wannan abu ne ya sa a tsaka-tsaki ajiya. A samar da kumfa facade ne samun danshi, kuma ko da yanke shi kawai zai yi aiki ba. Akwai biyu rare fasaha na rufi. Wannan slurry, kazalika da rabuwa a cikin nauyi. A CIS kasashe, Turai da Amirka sun samu nasarar yi amfani da biyu na farko da na biyu Hanyar.

rarrabuwa na fadada polystyrene

Yau, da wannan rufi da aka yi da mafi m fasahar, wanda a yarda wa ƙwarai inganta Properties daga cikin abu. Saboda haka, a yau, ya samar kumbura polystyrene. foaming tsari ne ya fara ta wajen wani hydrocarbon. Yana zama maras tabbas a kan dumama, da kuma polystyrene beads kumbura, kuma tsaya tare.

gaban kumfa suna bambanta da masana'antu da fasaha da kuma shared da kungiyoyin. Wannan rufi wanda aka samar da sintering fasaha, da kuma wani farantin samu ta hanyar foaming na granules.

Har ila yau, da kayan dabam bisa ga lakabin.

• PS - wanda ya canja kumfa.
• JLS - bespressovy dakatar.
• PSB-S - extinguishing bespressovy dakatar.
• Extruded polystyrene - EPS.

Samfurin iri DPM yana da wani uniform m tsarin. Wadannan halaye da kuma m ikon yinsa, na da amfani. A bangarori ga facade wannan hatimi iya samun yawa na 50 kg / m ^3.

A extruded kumfa - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau kayan. A lokacin da masana'antu tsari amfani extrusion. EPS ne isasshe resistant zuwa dukan inji tsoma, yana da wani babban matakin da yawa, kuma yana da kyau kwarai sealing halaye.

Mafi na kowa, araha da kuma rare tsakanin masu amfani da aka dauke polystyrene PSB. An yadu amfani da hita. Duk da haka, a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da extruded abu, da PSB muhimmanci hasarar ƙarfi.

Bambance-bambance a kauri da yawa

Energy-ceto halaye mallaki by abu, saboda da zafi kadan madugu matakin. Idan muka kwatanta da kumfa gaban da wani samuwa a kan rufi yi kasuwar, da makamashi-ceton kumfa iya aiki zai zama muhimmanci mafi girma. Saboda haka, misali farantin kauri daga 12 mm yayi dace da bango kauri daga cikin tubali 2.1M (ko itace - 0,45 m).

Features rare brands na roba kumfa

Saboda haka, PSB-S-15 na da yawa na 10-11 kg / m ^3, PSB-25 - 15-16 kg / m ^3. Kumfa PSB-25F gaban Yawa - 16-17 kg / m ^3. Yawa DPM C35 ne 25-27 kg / m ^3, da kuma PSB-C50 - 35-37 kg / m ^3.

Isasshen yawa domin facade rufi

A m bayani zai zama don amfani da kayan DPM-35 tare da wani yawa na 25 kg / m ^3. Zaka iya zaɓar da ya fi girma adadi. Amma a cikin wannan harka, da insulating Properties na raguwa. Idan ka yi amfani da PSB-S-25, wannan abu ba zai samar da rigidity da facade. A kan aiwatar da kammala aikin yana da dukkan lalacewa kasada na farantin.

mark farantin PSB-15 kuma iya zama rufi da haka za su ba su da wani gagarumin nauyi a kan gidan bango. Duk da haka, kumfa yana kusan ba amfani ga facade - duk da laifi na low ƙarfi.

Wannan iri ne mafi sau da yawa amfani da rufi m zuwa ginin. Yana iya zama da wani bango da daban-daban verandas ko balconies. Har ila yau, wannan alama ne yadu amfani a kammala aikin a kan sasanninta, ko taga takware.

A isasshen kauri kumfa

Sau da yawa amfani slabs tare da wani kauri daga 5 zuwa 7 cm. Wannan ƙuduri ne manufa domin da yawa gine-gine. Faranti 150 mm ana amfani da inda dole su rufe da wuya bango. Alal misali, ana iya karfi cikin ƙaho bango.

Kada ka yi amfani da yawa farantin kauri. Wannan zai iya haifar da wasu matsaloli, kazalika da m halin kaka. A mafi yawan lokuta shi ne mafi kyau a yi amfani da panel, wani yawa na 35 kg / m ³ a wani kauri daga 15 cm, fiye da PSB-C-25 100 cm lokacin farin ciki da wani yawa na 25 kg / m ^3.

Karfinsu facades da kumfa

Dangane da kayan gini, da wanda ginin da aka gina, akwai dace, ko kuma m ga su heaters. Saboda haka, domin gidajen da katako ne mafi kyau don amfani ma'adinai ulu.

Amma ga kankare ko tubali gine-gine mafi inganci kumfa. Extruded polystyrene kafin amfani da su wuce wuta retardant magani, kamar yadda a cikin saba nau'i ne sosai, sosai flammable.

Dutsen fasahar

Yau akwai mutane da yawa da kamfanoni da cewa samar da rufi da kanta da kuma duk da alaka da kayan for kafuwa. To tabbatar Ceresit kayayyakin. Yana da kyau da dukan aikin da aka yi da hannu. A tsari ya shafi dama matakai.

horo

A dukan surface na bango dole ne a shirya. Saboda haka, duk sharan an cire, wani protruding abubuwa. A surface an tsabtace daga dukan abin da aka niƙẽwa. Kamar yadda wani shiri mataki ya hada da gyaran gidajen abinci tsakanin tubalin.

Idan kankare bango ya fashe, su dole ne a yi gyare-gyare. Tabbata ga jiƙa Cap "Aquastop". Domin matsakaicin sakamako, da dukan aiki na bi da share fage da zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji.

shigarwa na marataya

A bango dole ne maximally lebur. A wannan yanayin zai daidaita kuma tam hašawa da bangarori da facade da kuma samun shirye domin wani kara surface jiyya. A dukan garun ba da haske nauyi na musamman igiyoyinsu don gano magudi sa'an nan kawar da su.

manne bangarori

Don hawa faranti amfani a cikin wannan harka Ceresit manne.

Amma yana yiwuwa su yi amfani da wasu kayayyakin. Manne wannan shi ne wani muhimmin alama. A taro dole ne a yi amfani nan da nan bayan shirye-shiryen. An hour daga baya, kawai manne ta bushe kuma ba dace da amfani. The m cakuda ne amfani a kan dukan yankin na takardar ko a biyar wurare da rarraba m na matsakaicin yanki.

Zanen gado don aiki mafi kyau a zabi tare da wani m surface. A cikin hali na ta m surface (roughness) kai da hannu. A kan aiwatar da mai danko a takardar da aka hada kai a kan kowane matakin.

A tsari na saka

A bangarori a cikin kowane layi suna kurege. Alal misali, ko da layuka fara da bangarori yanka a cikin rabin. Idan da zanen gado ba ta zo daidai da juna da kuma siffar gibba tsakanin zanen gado na kumfa aka zuba a cikin ruwa form. Lokacin da wannan kumfa yana tsananin haramta.

inji kafuwa

Bar panel a kan manne iya ba. A kayan za a iya busa tafi da tsananin iska. Yana iya zama quite tsada idan ka san nawa kumfa gaban. Price dangane da manufacturer da kuma halaye yana farawa daga 700 rubles da fakitin, kuma ya zo 6000 rubles. Kowane takardar ne a haɗe amfani dowels. A kowane panel amfani da biyar anka. Bayan kammala wannan tsari, kowane daga cikin dowels ya kamata a bi da manne.

Bugu da ari ƙarfafa aka yi, kazalika da farar ƙasa. Domin na farko fiberglass amfani. Suna bukatar iri biyu - yi amfani da wuya da kuma taushi raga. Soft ke don sasanninta, kuma m aka yi amfani da katangu. Next, za ka iya ko dai sayi wani ado plaster facade kumfa tare da wani daban-daban shafi abu.

Wannan fasaha da ake amfani da kusan ko'ina. Wannan hanya sosai tasiri rufi da kuma taimaka wajen rage makamashi ta halin kaka.