Architect Santiago Calatrava da ta shahara ayyukan

Inspiration, nazarin wuri mai faɗi, fasaha mafita, karfe da kuma kankare - babban aka gyara daga cikin m da kuma aikin da wurin, a halitta da almara m wanda gine-gine ba za a iya manta lokacin da zarar gani. Wannan shi ne Santiago Calatrava. Ayyukansa da ake aiwatar a Spain, Switzerland, Amurka, Canada. Halittar wannan mutum na musamman, recognizable a duk faɗin duniya da kuma ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa. Calatrava rãyar wani wuri, sa shi mafi kyau da kuma aikin. Spanish m samu amincewa saboda da futuristic style, fasaha bidi'a da ilmi a gine-gine tsara da kuma aiwatar.

Santiago Calatrava: biography

Kusa da Valencia Yuli 28, 1951 An haife nan gaba gini na gadoji, tashoshin, sinimomi da sauran Tsarin cewa shafar su sabon abu bayyanar. Santiago sana'a mahaifinsa, ko mayar da hankali kan kasuwanci aiki, amma ya fi ƙaunar art da ya so ya qarfafa cikin m da m hangen nesa daga cikin duniya da ɗansa. Saboda haka, a wani wuri shekaru da yaron ya tafi zuwa ga Prado Museum da fara dauki wani amfani a zane da sassaka. A shekaru takwas, Santiago Calatrava gani riga Zagayawar a kan Whatman takarda a art makaranta a Valencia.

M shekaru a Spain sun gano kara ilmi waje na ƙasarsa ta jiha. A shekaru 13, iyaye suna da wani dan tafiya zuwa Paris a kan wani dalibi shirin musayar, inda ya aka cika da girma daga cikin gine-gine na wannan kyakkyawan birni. A mataki na gaba a samun sana'a da aka horar a Polytechnic University of Valencia, Santiago Calatrava wanda ya sauke karatu a 1973. Bayan shekaru biyu, da Guy tafi Switzerland, inda ya ci gaba da karatu fi so abu a cikin filin na yi, amma a matsayin m. Shekaru hudu da Santiago karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha na Zurich. By 1981, ya zama wani likita na fasaha sciences da kuma kafa na studio na gine-gine da kuma yi, a Switzerland.

Na farko da aikin da fitarwa

Daya daga cikin na farko ayyukan, wanda ya kawo kasa da kasa fitarwa na Santiago, ya mai tashar jirgin (Stadelhofen) a Zurich. Ko da yake xan hango gine-gine da tunanin bayyana a Santiago har yanzu a digiri na biyu makaranta. Tare da kimiyya abokan aiki, ya tsara da kuma gina tafkin. Amma ba quite wani sauki wasanni makaman, ta ganin shi ne zai yiwu don tsayar da wucewa ga swimmers kasa.

Ayyukan Santiago Calatrava a 1986 kara wani sabon aiwatar da shirin ci gaba da karfafa kankare gada mota manufa a ƙasarsa ta Valencia. A shekara daga baya matasa gwani na wannan aiki aka bayar da International Union of masu zanen gine-gine.

A shekarar 1989, Calatrava da aikinsa ya zo da cin nasara na Faransa yi kasuwar. A lokaci guda ya bude ya studio a Paris da kuma tsara da tashar jirgin kasa a Lyon. Santiago Calatrava bude a shekarar 1991 a Valencia ofishin na gine-gine da kuma yi.

Olympics

Kasashen a cikin abin da runduna kasa da kasa na wasa faru, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ko da yaushe kokarin nemo gaskiya ta wajen bãƙinsa, mamaki da baƙi da gine-gine ginen da kungiyar na festival. Saboda haka, a duk shekaru da na mafi kyau kwararru na da hannu domin shiri na gasar wasannin Olympics. A shekarar 1992, lokacin rani wasanni da aka gudanar a Barcelona, kuma a gare su translation ake bukata sadarwa hasumiya. Hakika, da m Santiago Calatrava an zabi da gwamnatin a matsayin wani gwani domin gina da makaman a cikin wani wuri wuri a cikin kasar.

A kan dutse na Montjuïc 136-mita hasumiyar da aka gina a shekaru uku. A ra'ayin da aka haifar da wani Calatrava tsarin a matsayin dan wasa da mika wutar. A wannan baƙuncin na shi bai kawo karshen. A spire ne wani nau'i ne na kibiya hours, wanda da dama a kan inuwa hasumiya tushe, game da shi ya nuna da lokaci.

Wasannin Olympics 1992 - ba kawai wasa taron, inda ya bar bugu na aikinsa Spanish mahalicci. A shekara ta 2004, Santiago Calatrava, aka gayyace for da maimaitawa na Athens wasanni hadaddun.

Movement - tushen da aikin da m

A m na aikin aiwatar da gano ya janye zuwa da kai tsarin da kuma inganta motsi mutane. Amma a cikin ayyukan da master kamata a lura na zama skyscraper a Malmo. Klauzury Santiago Calatrava, wanda ya zama tushen ga halittar wani matsanancin gidan, kunshi ra'ayin motsi. A daya daga cikin laccoci da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow Institute, Santiago ya ce: "Architecture akwai ga mutane, da kuma jikin mutum shafi gine cikin sharuddan rabbai, launi da kuma masu girma dabam."

A gini kunshi tara segments pentagons, kowanne daga wanda aka located a kan biyar benaye. Kowane sashi juya game da baya da kuma na karshe tsarin 90 digiri dangi zuwa na farko. shekaru hudu da gina gine-gine. A shekarar 2005, cikin 190-mita hasumiya da aka bude. Don wannan rana shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali a Sweden, da kuma na biyu tallest gini a Turai.

A farkon 21st karni: damar yin amfani da sabuwar nahiyar

A 2001, a Jihar Wisconsin, kusa da data kasance art gidan kayan gargajiya hadaddun, ya tashi da uku Pavilion Kvadrachchi. Vaulted ceilings, m rana visor-kamar janye daga fuka-fuki na tsuntsu, - ainihin tsarin zane na ginin, halitta a baiwa kamar Santiago Calatrava. Photo tsauri zane burge tare da ado da kuma janyo hankalin jama'a na yawon bude ido zuwa Lake Michigan. Glass babban tanti zaure yana cikin siffar wani parabola. Duk gidan kayan gargajiya gine-gine Calatrava sõyayya a cikin guda hadaddun hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa na tafiya a ƙasa gadoji.

Wani janye, kawai wannan lokaci a kudancin Amirka, da aka aiwatar a cikin shekara ta 2001 da Spanish m ta ra'ayin. Sai ya zama Puente de la Mujer. Engineering firtsi ne a tsakiyar gada motsi ga nassi na manyan tasoshin. Kamar yadda mahalicci, shi wahayi zuwa gare shi don gina wannan gina gida music. Kuma m aiwatuwa rhythms ji a samar da wata gada a Buenos Aires.

"The City of Arts Sciences da"

Engineer Santiago Calatrava firtsi iya ba watsi da ƙasarsa ta kasar. Ba da nisa daga Valencia, a wani yanki na 350.000 m ^2, shi ne na musamman da hadaddun sadaukar da al'adu da kuma kimiyya ci gaba. A farko abubuwa na "birni" ne: wani planetarium, wani cinema, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo productions Laser. A 2000 da ya bude Museum of Science, kazalika da landscaped shakatawa. Bayan wani lokaci, da bude daga kasashen Turai ta most oceanarium a cikin siffar furannin bi-rana. The aikin mallakar Felix Candela, da m, tare da Calatrava takara a gina wuraren ban sha'awa a Valencia. A karshe gini na 'birni' ya zama Opera House. The gine-gine da aka tsara don familiarize da mutum tare da daban-daban al'amurran da art, yanayi, da kuma kimiyya da fasaha.

A dare, a lokacin da hasken zo daga ciki gine-gine da kuma a kusa da duhu, duk wadannan halittun kama skeletons dabbobi.

zargi

Santiago ayyukan ba kawai gane, amma kuma m. Bugu da ƙari, karshe farashin na aikin wuce na farko kimomi, kuma akwai jayayya a kan sharuddan aiwatar. A cikin 'yan shekaru, Calatrava ta gine-gine ne cibiyar da abin kunya.

"The City of Arts Sciences da" ya gudanar a 900 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai, wanda shi ne sau uku fi na farko kasafin kudin. Da gine-gine na hadaddun a lokacin da ta commissioning rasa gaggawa kofofi da kuma wuta Tserewa, ko da bayan kurakurai da aka shafe Santiago, amma a kudi na kudin jama'a.

Engineer Santiago Calatrava, samar da wani filin jirgin sama m, a Bilbao, ba la'akari da damar da tsarin. Saboda haka, fasinjoji suka shige cikin kwastan iko, yana sa ran samun kaya a kan titi. A 2000, filin jirgin sama ne ma hõre kawar da kuskure.

Bridge zubizuri sharewa daga madũbai a ruwa weather tabbatar traumatic wuri. Kundin Tsarin Mulki Bridge a Venice ma an soki. A dalilai ne ba kawai lokaci da kuma shi ne har sau uku da kudin na aikin, amma kuma aiki. Akwai wani tudun lodi, yana kuma m, sa shi wuya don matsawa da tsofaffi.

A tashar jirgin kasa a New York City

Construction na cikin karkashin kasa S-Bahn tashar a New York City a shafin na tagwaye hasumiyai ne ma da za'ayi a kan ayyukan da Calatrava. Design gine-gine sama ƙasa matakin kama tsuntsu warware daga hannun yaro. Ciki akwai subways, bas Tashoshi, tashoshin, wadda shãmakunta ake yi na marmara. Gamawa na ayyukan da aka shirya domin 2016 tare da kudin biliyan 4, ko da yake da farko tsara domin gina shi ne $ 1.9 biliyan.

Daya iko bazawa a cikin littafin da'awar cewa kudin da gine na tashar gangan overstated. Tabbatarwa da duba m, wanda izini da aikin daga Spanish m.

ƙarshe

A mayar da martani ga zargi za a iya ce a cikin tsaro na m cewa yanzu abokan ciniki - suna sake saye. "Manufar na gine-gine - aikata wannan musamman birni da kuma wadãtar da mutum kwarewa," - ya ce Santiago Calatrava. Gani - wannan shi ne ya kira. Zai ze cewa abin da na iya mamaki da ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da muhimman gine-gine da abubuwa, kamar gadoji, tashoshin? Works ta Spanish mahaliccinsa, suna gine-gine, Monuments, structures, ya cancanci da hankali.

Shi ne marubucin hamsin gine-gine ginen, da kuma fiye da dozin aiki ne har yanzu a karkashin ci gaba.