Babban kwatance na coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon: sakamakon da darajar

A watan Yuli 1652, tare da amincewa da sarki da Grand Duke na All Rasha Alekseya Mihaylovicha Romanova, sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha ya zama Nikon (a duniyar mai suna Nikitoy Mininym). Ya dauki cikin wurin da sarki Joseph, wanda ya mutu a kan Afrilu 15 na wannan shekara.

A lokacin ƙaddamar bikin, da aka gudanar a ɗauka cewa Cathedral, Nikon ya tilasta da Boyar Duma , da sarki, a kan wa'adin da ba tsoma baki a cikin harkokin na coci. By wannan aikin da ya yi kawai hau gadon sarautar da coci, muhimmanci ta da ta yiwuwa a gaban hukumomi da kuma talakawa mutane.

wadanda mutane da kuma ecclesiastical dalĩli Union

Pliability sarki a kan wannan al'amari ne ya bayyana ta musamman raga:

• rike coci gyãru, to sa coci more kamar Greek: don gabatar da sabon ayyukan hajji, mukamansu, da littattafai (kafin yi na sarki Nikon a san sarki matso kusa da shi a kan tushen da wannan tunanin, kuma sarki ya yi ta mataimaki).

• da shawarar kasashen waje da manufofin matsaloli (yaki da Poland da kuma sauyin da da Ukraine).

Sarkin ya amince da sharuddan da Nikon, amma kuma a yarda da sarki da hannu a magance muhimmanci jama'a al'amurran da suka shafi.

Bugu da ƙari, Alexis Nikon ni'imtar da ita a cikin suna na "babban m", wanda a baya aka bayar da kawai Filaret Romanov. Saboda haka, Alexis da sarki ya shiga wani kusa alliance, gano cewa maslahar su da kuma amfanin.

Fara na canji

Zama sarki, Nikon ya fara rayayye don hana duk wani yunkurin yin katsalandan a cikin coci al'amura. A sakamakon da ya kuzari aiki kuma rinjayi sarki kawo karshen 1650s gudanar ya aiwatar da wani yawan matakan da cewa sun ayyana ainihin fasali na Nikon ta sake fasalin.

Fara rikirkida faru a 1653, lokacin da Ukraine ne wani ɓangare na Rasha jihar yana kunne. Ba wani daidaituwa. A tafin kafa dashi na addini adadi envisaged canje-canje a cikin biyu main bikin. Church garambawul na sarki Nikon, jigon wanda ya canza perstopolozheniya da durqusa, ya bayyana kamar haka:

• sujada da aka maye kugu.

• dvoeperstnoe alamar gicciye, soma a Rasha tare da Kristanci da kuma wani bangare ne svyatoapostolskogo hadisin, aka maye gurbinsu troeperstiem.

A farko tsananta

A farko matakai a gyara daga cikin coci aka ba da goyan bayan da dalĩli na coci majalisa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, su matuƙa, canza harsãshin hadisin da saba, aka dauke da wani nuna alama daga cikin bangaskiya ta gaskiya, da kuma sa da kalaman na takaici da ke damunsu daga cikin limaman Kirista da kuma parishioners.

Babban kwatance na coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon su ne sakamakon abin da ake a kan tebur, da sarki ya zuwa dama ro, kuma musamman daga tsohon shirkinku, kuma abokan aiki a cikin coci sabis - Li'azaru, Ivana Neronova, Irena Fedor Ivanov Protopopov Daniila, Habakkuk kuma Loggin. Duk da haka, Alexis, kasancewa a kan mai kyau sharuddan da sarki, bai yi korafin la'akari, da kuma shugaban na coci gaggauta dakatar da zanga-zangar: Habakkuk aka fitar da su Siberia, Ivan Neronov kurkuku a Spasokamennom sufi da kuma firist Daniel aika zuwa Astrakhan (kafin aka kwace da ya daraja cleric).

Irin wannan mummunan tashi da sake fasalin tilasta Nikon ya sake su hanyoyin da su yi aiki fiye da gangan.

M matakai da aka goyan bayan da ikon da sarki na Helenanci bishops na coci da kuma coci majalisa. Wannan halitta bayyanar da cewa yanke shawara aka sanya da kuma kiyaye ta Orthodox Church of Konstantinoful, wanda muhimmanci ƙarfafa tasiri a kan al'umma.

A dauki maida

Babban kwatance na coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon ya sa tsaga daga cikin coci. Aminci cewa goyan bayan gabatarwar sabon sabis littattafai, bikin, coci darajõji aka kira nikonianami (novoobryadtsev). tsaurin gefe, bayar da shawarwari m usages da kuma ka'idodin addininsu, da ake kira kanta Old Muminai Old Ritualists ko tsoho Orthodox. Duk da haka nikonianami, shan amfani da angarorin na sarki, da sarkin, ya ayyana abokan adawar splitters gyãra, canjawa da laifi a kansu a cikin tsaga a cikin coci. Ya guda coci suka dauke al'ada, ai da.

sarki yanayi

Bishop Nikon, ba tare da mai kyau da ilimi, ya kewaye kansa da masana kimiyya, a cikinsu, wani shahararren rawa Arseny Greek, ilimi da Jesuits. Motsi da Gabas, ya yarda da Mohammedan addini, bayan dan lokaci - Orthodoxy, sa'an nan - Katolika. Ya aka fitar da su da Solovetsky sufi matsayin mai hadarin gaske bidi'a. Duk da haka, Nikon, kuma ya kasance shugaban coci, da zarar sanya Arseniya Greka ya sarki mataimakin, wanda ya sa wani gunaguni cikin Orthodox yawan Rasha. Tun da talakawa mutane ba su iya jayayya da sarki, yana da hadari ga tafiyad da tsare-tsaren, tare da goyon bayan sarki.

Babban kwatance na coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon

Shugaban coci ba su kula da damunsu da jama'ar na Rasha don gudanar da ayyukansa. Ya amincewa tafiya zuwa burin, tsananin aiwatar da sababbin abubuwa a cikin addini Sphere.

Kwatance coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon ya sa irin wannan canje-canje:

• a lokacin yanka baftisma, bikin aure, keɓewarsa ta magani ne yake aikata da rana (yayin da a cikin tsohon hadisai da yanayin da rana a cikin alamar bin Kristi).

• sabon littattafai a cikin sunan Ɗan Allah rubuce a cikin Girkanci style - Yesu, alhãli kuwa a cikin tsohon littattafai - Yesu.

• biyu (augmented) Hallelujah an maye gurbinsu da wani sau uku (Tregub).

• maimakon semiprosforiya (Divine ibadar ne a bakwai na idin abinci marar yisti) da aka gabatar pyatiprosforie.

• liturgical littattafai da aka buga a yanzu a cikin wani Jesuit bugu gidajen Paris da kuma Venice, ba kofe daga hannunka. Bugu da kari, wadannan littattafai suna dauke da za a gurbata, kuma ko da Helenawa kira su pogreshitelnymi.

• da rubutu na da Creed a edition na liturgical littattafai buga a Moscow idan aka kwatanta da rubutu haruffa rubuta a kan sakkos Lardi Photius. bambance-bambance samu a wadannan ayoyin, kazalika a cikin wasu littattafai, ya kai ga cewa Nikon ya yanke shawarar gyara su kuma sa juna na Greek liturgical littattafai.

Saboda haka duk a cikin dukan duba ecclesiastical garambawul na sarki Nikon. Tsohon Muminai hadisin an ƙara reworked. Nikon da magoya bayan sun encroached a kan canji na zamanin d harsashin gini na coci da kuma bikin dauka daga lokaci na Baftisma na Rasha. Kwatsam canje-canje ba da taimako ga ci gaban da ikon da sarki. The tsananta sha wahala da devotees na haihuwa hadisai na mutane, ya kai ga gaskiya cewa babban kwatance na coci da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon, kamar kansa, ya zama abin ƙi ga kowa mutane.