An wucin gadi hanya na watsa - shi ne riwayar da pathogen ta hanyar parenteral na'urorin kiwon lafiya da warkewa da kuma bincike magudi

Yanzu magani bayyana fasahar da cewa ba kawai a matsayin dama ba su suna ba. Zai ze, kan bango na likita baiwa rinjãya haƙuri mutuwar saboda ba yarda da kiwon lafiya da dokokinta a asibiti da za a dade manta. Me ake wani wucin gadi hanyar kamuwa da cuta ne a cikin hadari lokaci samun lokacinta? Me ya sa a asibitoci da kuma na haihuwa asibitoci har yanzu suna "yawo" staph, hepatitis, HIV? Dry statistics furta cewa mita kawai kwamin na tara cututtuka a asibitoci karu da 20%, yayin da rabo daga 22% a cikin m kula sassan a 'yan shekarun nan, a tiyata zuwa 22%, a urology fiye da 32%, a gynecology 12% a asibitoci ( 33%).

Bayyana, cikin wucin gadi yanayin na watsa - wannan shi ne abin da ake kira mutum wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta a asibitoci da yafi ga masu cin zali hanyoyin. Ta yaya ne cewa mutane sun yarda da shi zuwa asibiti domin yi musu magani na wata cuta, a cikin Bugu da kari m akwai wasu?

halitta kamuwa da cuta

Tare da duk iri-iri na da damar zuwa kama da kamuwa da cuta, baza sunadaran da microbes daga haƙuri da lafiya kawai biyu:

1. Halitta dogara a kan yarda da mutum dokoki da kuma dokoki na kiwon lafiya.

2. An wucin gadi ko da lafiyar wani wucin gadi yanayin na watsa. Wannan inji shi ne kusan gaba daya dogara a kan yarda da aikinsu kiwon lafiya.

Tare da halitta hanya gabatarwar pathogens iya faruwa ta hanyar lamba tare da pathogenic adam yanayi. Hanyoyi kamuwa da cuta:

-Air-digo, watau sneezing, tari, magana (mura, da tarin fuka).

-fekalno-baka, Ina nufin, datti hannuwa, ruwa da abinci (gastrointestinal fili cutar).

Nema-pin (sosai m bakan da cututtuka ciki har da venereal, fata, helminthiasis, zazzabi, diphtheria, kuma da dama, wasu).

Wuce yarda, kawai sai ka iya kama wani cuta, shigar da neman magani a asibiti.

wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta

A likita cibiyoyin, akwai manyan hanyoyi biyu na kamuwa da cuta da marasa lafiya, halin a matsayin wucin gadi yanayin na watsa. Su ne:

1.Parenteralny, da ake dangantawa da take hakkin haƙuri da fata inuwõyi.

2.Enteralny, da m ga wasu iri jarrabawa da marasa lafiya, kazalika da wasu warkewa hanyoyin.

Bugu da kari, asibiti ne habaka da wannan halitta watsa inji akai-akai tsananta yanayin da marasa lafiya. Saboda haka, za ka iya karba kamuwa da cuta a lokacin likita hanyoyin da likitoci da ma'aikatan aikin jinya, kazalika da kawai da kasancewa a asibiti.

Sanadin kamuwa da cuta marasa lafiya a wuraren kiwon lafiya

Inda akwai yanayi a asibitoci ga marasa lafiya kamuwa da na halitta wajen, da kuma yadda shi rinjayar da wucin gadi inji na watsa daga kamuwa da cuta. A dalilan su ne kamar haka:

1. A cikin asibitoci ne ko da yaushe mai yawa kamu mutane. Bugu da kari, game da 38% na yawan jama'ar, ciki har da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, shi ne m na daban-daban pathogens, amma mutane ba su san cewa su ne yan dako.

2.Uvelichenie yawan marasa lafiya (tsohon mutane, yara) suka muhimmanci saukar da dokin juriya da kwayoyin.

3.Obedinenie sosai na musamman asibitoci a manyan gidaje, wanda sane ko a sume Halicci musamman muhalli yanayi.

A wasu lokuta, akwai wani wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta daga mãsu haƙuri a miya canje-canje, idan m ne da mai bãyar da ba yin aikinsa a wani m mask da kuma safar hannu. Conversely, wani haƙuri iya harba ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya idan ya daukawa fitar likita jan (jini daukan samfur, hakori kula, da dai sauransu) ba tare da wani m mask, safar hannu, musamman tabarau.

Jobs junior ma'aikatan

Sun fi mayar da kamuwa da marasa lafiya dogara a kan aikin na junior sandarka. A wannan lissafi ya ce a Rasha kadai nosocomial kamuwa shingellezom ya tashi zuwa 26%, opportunistic parasites to 18%, da kuma 40% na Salmonella!

Wanda a cikin wannan hali ya haddasa wucin gadi hanya na watsa? Wannan shi ne da farko wani rashin cikakken yarda da kiwon lafiya nagartacce. Spot cak ya nuna cewa masu aikin jinya a asibitoci da dama da tsabta jam'iyya, da tanadin, kuma ko da aiki da talauci. Wato, dukan saman suna bi daya zane disinfecting mafita ga tsaftacewa shirya karami taro fiye da ake bukata da nagartacce a ofisoshin kuma gidajen da aka ba za'ayi aiki da ma'adini fitilu, ko da a da kasancewa da kyau yanayin.

Musamman bakin ciki shi ne yanayin a asibitoci. Orthotopic kamu uwayensu ko 'ya'yan itace, msl, suppurative kwamin na tara cututtuka na iya faruwa saboda wani take hakkin da dokoki a cikin aiki da magunguna iri iri cibiyarki igiyar, a cutukan gaba tabbatarwa. A dalilin iya zama wani rashin na farko masks a kan fuskar nas ko masu aikin jinya suka yi dako na pathogens, ba a ma maganar talauci haifuwa kayan aikin, diapers da sauransu.

maganin rigakafi

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, sau da yawa a wani asibiti na'am da mutane tare da m ganewar asali. A haƙuri An wajabta dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje, kazalika da zamani bincike hanyoyin, a cikin abin da amfani da enteral hanya (ta bakin) a cikin Game da rami na'ura jiki. Duk da yake shirya domin gwajin sakamakon, sunnar zuwa rubũta maganin rigakafi tare da m bakan da aikin. Wannan shi ne wani karamin sashi na tabbatacce Trend, amma a cikin babban Sanadin cewa an halicci cikin asibiti damuwa na pathogens, ba da martani ga su da sakamakon (disinfection, kvartsevanie, miyagun ƙwayoyi far). Saboda da na halitta yaduwa hanyõyi, wadannan damuwa an amintattun a asibiti. M amfani da maganin rigakafi aka lura a 72% da marasa lafiya. A 42% na lokuta shi ne a banza. A cikin dukan ƙasar saboda m kwayoyin magani kamuwa kudi a asibitoci ya kai 13%.

Ganewar asali da kuma magani

Zai ze cewa sabon hanyoyin da ganewar asali kamata taimaka wa da sauri da kuma daidai gano duk mũnãnan ayyukansu. All gaskiya, amma hakan bai faru ba wucin gadi kamuwa da marasa lafiya, bincike kayan aiki dole ne a abar daidai. Alal misali, bronchoscope bayan kowane haƙuri bisa ga norms ya kamata a decontaminated ¾ hours. Dubawa sun nuna cewa wannan kadan mutunta inda, saboda likitoci kamata ba jarraba marasa lafiya a wani kudi na 5-8, kuma 10-15 a kan jerin. A fili yake cewa ba su isasshen lokaci su aiwatar da kayan aiki domin su. Haka ya shafi wani gastroscopy, colonoscopy, catheter sa, shan huda, instrumental jarrabawa inhalation.

Amma shi rage matakin kamuwa da cuta enteral hanya na gwamnati na kwayoyi. Akwai barazana kawai duodenal hanya, a lokacin da wani magani da aka gudanar da wani bincike kai tsaye zuwa cikin duodenum. Amma baka (yarda magunguna da kuma kwayoyi ta bakin, matse ko ba su sha ruwa), sublingually (a karkashin harshen) da kuma buccal (bonding fina-finai na musamman pharmaceutical zuwa mucosal danko da kuma cheeks) kusan lafiya.

A parenteral hanya na watsa

Wannan watsa inji shi ne shugaba a cikin yaduwar AIDS da kuma hepatitis. Yana nufin peranteralny hanya - kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar da jini, da kuma a take hakkin da mutunci da mucous membranes, fata. A wani asibiti yanayi yana yiwuwa a cikin irin wannan lokuta:

-perelivanie jini / jini.

-zarazhenie via sirinji a lokacin allura.

-hirurgicheskoe baki.

Dauke da fitar da likita hanyoyin.

Sau da yawa wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta yakan faru a cikin hakori kananan dakunan shan magani da kuma kai ziyara ga likitan mata saboda gaskiyar cewa likitoci amfani da su duba da mucous marasa lafiya yadda ya kamata a bi kayan aiki, da kuma ma saboda aikin likitoci a ba bakararre safar hannu.

injections

Wannan irin far da ake amfani da lokaci mai tsawo. Lokacin da syringes ne reusable, suna hõre wajibi kafin da ake ji sterilization. A aikace, da rashin alheri sũ, sun ɓatar to kamuwa da cuta da marasa lafiya hatsari cututtuka, ciki har da AIDS, saboda babban rashin kula da likitoci. Yanzu kuma ga jiyya (igiyar jini da kuma intramuscular injections), da kuma jini samfurori ana amfani kawai yarwa syringes, don haka hadarin wani wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta nan da nan aka rage girmanta. Paramedics ake bukata kafin hanya zuwa duba tightness na sirinji kunshin da kuma karkashin wani yanayi ba amfani da shi ko allura sake kara magudi. A halin da ake ciki ne daban-daban tare da kayayyakin aiki, ga endoscope (needles, biopsy needles da sauran), wanda aka kullum ba abar kulawa a yi. A mafi kyau, suna kawai na nutsa cikin wani disinfecting bayani.

yadda ake gudanar da

A high rate na kamuwa da cuta auku a lokacin tiyata. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a 1941-1945-ies aka rubuta 8% kamuwa da rauni, kuma a cikin lokaci, postoperative yi na kwamin na tara cututtuka tashi zuwa 15%. Wannan shi ne saboda:

-Use a lokacin tiyata ko bayan talauci haifuwa dressings.

-nedostatochnaya sterilization na yankan ko ba-yanke.

-wide amfani da daban-daban implants (a orthopedics, a Dentistry, a cardiology). Mutane da yawa kwayoyin ne iya data kasance a cikin wadannan Tsarin, suka kuma rufe da musamman m film kanta, samar da su su m maganin rigakafi.

Decontamination kamata a da za'ayi a cikin na musamman Bix, autoclaves ko ɗakunan da dogara a kan sterilization Hanyar. An aiki yanzu kokarin amfani da yarwa bakararre gado zanen gado, tufafi, likitoci da marasa lafiya, abin da ya kamata a rage wucin gadi kamuwa da cuta. Don kawar kamuwa da cuta via implants, marasa lafiya da suke ciyarwa postoperatively waye, antibacterial far.

jini

An yi imani da cewa jini za a iya dauka kawai syphilis, AIDS da biyu hepatitis B cutar, B da kuma C. Yana da ga wadannan pathogens duba bayar da jini domin daukan samfur maki. Amma kwarewa ya nuna cewa ko da yin amfani da kawai yarwa syringes, transfussion da ikon aika da ƙwayoyin cuta, hepatitis D, G, TTV, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, listeria da sauran kamuwa da cuta. All gudunmawa ga ceto na jini, likitoci da ake bukata don duba for gaban wadannan cututtuka. A gaskiya ma, sau da yawa a kan bincike da ba su da lokaci ko kuma kawai yarda sakaci. Saboda haka, dole ne mu dole a duba a hankali dauka daga bayarwa jini. Amma wannan ba ko da yaushe haka wannan rana, ko a cikin kananan dakunan shan magani na Moscow lokuta na kamuwa da cuta da marasa lafiya da transfussion faruwa. Matsala ta biyu ita ce cewa akwai da yawa daga mutated damuwa cewa, ko da latest gwajin tsarin ba su gane. A wannan halin da ake ciki tare da kamuwa da cuta da kuma dashi bayarwa jikinsu.