Alisher Navoi: biography na wani fitaccen adadi

Akwai su da yawa Legends game da duniya-sanannen mawãƙi, sunansa Alisher Navoi. Tarihinsa ne cike da daban-daban myths, amma za mu yi kokarin tarwatsa su da kuma kawo wasu tsabta a cikin ransa labarin.

da haifuwa daga cikin babban waƙen

Navoi aka haife shi a tsohon birnin na Herat (yanzu. Afghanistan) a cikin 1441, a haihuwa ya christened sunan Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Masana tarihi sun har yanzu ba su zo da wani cikakken ra'ayi na ta shaidar dan kasa: wasu yi imani da shi Barlas ko Chagatai, wasu - Uzbek ko Harshen Uighur. Amma kawai a ce a asalin shi nasa ne da Turkic al'ummai. Wannan ne evidenced, ban da ãyõyin kusa aboki Abdurahmana Dzhami (wanda ya furta "ko ina ya Persian kuma ya Turk, mun kasance mafi kyau na abokansa"), ya na sirri rubuce-rubucen, a cikin abin da ya rubuta cewa nasa mutane - wani Turk. A lokacin Soviet sau, Alisher Navoi aka bi daidai kamar yadda Uzbek mawãƙi da zurfin tunani.

don haka da iyali

mawãƙi ta iyali ya kasance attajiri, mahaifinsa kuwa shahararren hukuma a kotu na Timurid da kuma ya kawu - wani mawãƙi ba ne. Saboda wannan dalili, daga yara Alisher Navoi (wanda biography ne a hankali nasaba da jama'a gwamnati), ya rubuta waqoqi kan daban-daban batutuwa. Tare da 1466 a 1469 shekaru matasa mawãƙi rayu kuma ya yi karatu a Samarkand, sanar a wani lõkaci a madrassahs da kuma goyan bayan kowane dake tasowa mawãƙi ko masanin kimiyya.

Alisher Navoi: biography

Great adadi mallakar Sufi Order na aminci (Naqshbandi), wanda ya barranta daga rãyuwar dũniya (Fanny - da impermanence na rayuwa) da haka taba samun iyalansu. Kamar kowane memba na Ruhu Mai Order, Alisher Navoi (wanda waqe kuma bayyana wannan halin da ake ciki, misali, "Lisunov UT-tayir") yi imani da cewa akwai daya kawai soyayya - domin Allah, sai ya kasance ba su da sha'awar mata da aure.

A cikin babban waƙen da aka yi renon a cikin wannan yadi da yara Timurid kabila. Tare Hussein Baykara (wanda daga baya ya zama gwamnan jihar Khorasan) Navoi da mafi kusa da abota da cewa dade duk rayuwarsa. Kuma dalilin da Alisher Navoi (ya biography canja da cika fuska a sakamakon wannan hukunci) koma daga Samarkand a Herat 'yan qasar, ya yi aiki a matsayin sa kambi ya abokinsa Hussein. A 1469, bayan ya dawo mawãƙi, Hussein Baykara gwamnan nada shi shugaban curator bugu Khorasan jihar.

A tsawon rayuwar, Alisher Navoi, wanda ayoyinsa suna dacewa a cikin yini, yana bauta wa jihar, rubuta multifaceted shayari kuma don samar da kayan taimako zuwa duk kasida, marubuta, artists kuma masu kida. A cikin tarihi na Asiya ta tsakiya, ya aka tuna a matsayin babban Mafarin gina yawa madrasas, asibitoci, kuma ko da dakunan karatu.

The ayyukan Alisher Navoi

Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyukansa na babban waƙen da zurfin tunani, ya rubuta a cikin harshen Chagatai, shan mataki sunan Alisher Navoi (a cikin Uzbek nufin "tuneful, melodious"). Da farko waka da ya rubuta a shekaru 15. A mawãƙi da wani babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da wallafe-wallafen harshen, sanya wani invaluable taimako ga kyautata na tsarin chagatay yare, kuma daga baya da Uzbek harshe.

Al'adu Heritage haka ƙunshi fiye da 3000 daban-daban guda na Genre qagaggun. Zai yiwu daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan mawãƙi ne "Pyateritsa", wanda ya ƙunshi 5 dastans. "Layla da Majnun", "Farhad kuma Shirin", "Ruɗani a kawai" - wannan shi ne mafi karanta Littafin waqoqi Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: waqe a Rasha

Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da mawãƙi rubuta a Persian da Chagatai harshen da aka fassara a cikin Rasha. Daya daga cikin shahararrun waqe - "Biyu kansa ilimi sakamako ya ghazals .." - fassara Soviet mawãƙi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Duk da cewa Alisher Navoi hana soyayya da kuma sauran ji wa mata, ya kuma rubuta wani sosai son sha'awa waka. Daga cikin su - "A cikin dare na baƙin cikina a dukan duniya haki zai iya shafe ..." "Koyaushe kuka raina, kusan m ta mugunta ..." "Kamar yadda bad ajiyar hayaki gudãna, duba ..!" da sauransu.

Duk da haka, marubucin ma tãyar da zamantakewa da kuma falsafa matsaloli ( "Bezdolny ado a Rags ...", "Sadu da ruwan inabi, da maraice da fitõwar rãnã ..." "All biya, tauye kanka ..." da sauransu. D.)

Bugu da kari ga lyrical waqe, da mawãƙi halitta da kuma tarihi treatises, abin da ya bayyana rai da almara Figures na al'ada. Alal misali, "Pyateritsa kaskantar da kai" da aka sadaukar domin malaminsa kuma abokin aiki Abdurakhman Jami.

A ƙarshen ya m aiki Alisher Navoi rubuta biyu falsafa waka, ta kwatanta da ra'ayoyin game da manufa jihar. Daya waka - "The Language of Birds", ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, "The majalisar dokokin kasar Birds: Semurg" - ne pinnacle aikinsa, da kamã da jũna rubutun ridicules duk m shugabanni, wanda ba su sani ba ka'idojin tsarin jihar. Dukan ayyukan Alishera Navoi ne cike da ma'ana da kuma mayar da hankali a kan da dama batutuwa jere daga soyayya zuwa siyasa da kuma inganta zaman rayuwar talakawa manoma.

siyasa

Yana iya lura da cewa, Alisher Navoi da m ra'ayoyi kan abubuwa da yawa. Alal misali, ya ko da yaushe suka saɓa wa na da umarci dokokin, ya fito fili ya yi tir da jami'an da suka dauki cin hanci, kazalika da} o} arin kare bukatun talakawa aji. A 1472 Navoi samu Sarkin suna (ya zama vizier na jihar), ya yi amfani da ikonsa don inganta rayuwar matalauta mutane. Duk da aminci da gwamnan da kuma sauran sananne jami'an, Alisher Navoi aka har yanzu kõre mulkin Khorasan jihar Bayqara zuwa wani yanki domin outspoken adawa da embezzlers da kuma cin hanci-mahara mutane. A Astrabad ya ci gaba ya tsare-tsaren don inganta zamantakewa da jama'a rayuwar jama'a.

Alisher Navoi ya yi babban taimako ba kawai ga ci gaban jihar tsarin, shi ya na da wani tasiri a kan kyautata na Uzbek harshe. Ayyukansa suna da aka sani a da yawa Eastern kasashen (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkiyya da sauransu. Tsakiyar Asiya). A cikin babban waƙen mutu a gida, a Herat a 1501.